International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions

The International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) is a worldwide affiliation of governmental entities. Its members are the Chief Financial Controller/Comptroller General/Auditor General Offices of nations.

INTOSAI was founded in 1953^[1] in Havana, Cuba.^[2] Thirty-four audit organizations formed the group originally and as of 2010 the current membership includes 193 institutions (188 national institutions, the European Court of Auditors and 4 associated members).^[1]

The members of INTOSAI are the primary external auditors of the United Nations.^[2] The UN's General Assembly appoints the UN Board of Auditors (3 members appointed for 6 years) among the INTOSAI member representatives.^[3]

INTOSAI holds a triennial conference entitled the International Congress of Supreme Audit Institutions (INCOSAI).^[4] It publishes the quarterly International Journal of Government Auditing. Examples of its major publications are:

• Guidelines for Internal Control Standards for the Public Sector (1992 - The current text is the 2004 revision by the INTOSAI Internal Control Standards Committee, approved by the XVIIIth INCOSAI of October 2004. It has been subsequently integrated in the INTOSAI standards/guidances as "INTOSAI GOV 9100"). It relies upon the COSO's integrated framework for internal control (as stated in the preface), and uses the COSO's definition of Internal Control and IIA's definition of Internal Audit.
• Guidelines on Best Practice for the Audit of Privatizations, (1998)
• Guidance for Planning an Audit of Internal Controls for Public Debt, (2002)

The ISSAIs, International Standards of Supreme Audit Institutions

The International Standards of Supreme Audit Institutions (ISSAI) are a benchmark for auditing public entities (External Audit Standards for public entities).
The "INTOSAI Auditing Standards" had been approved by the INCOSAI in 1998 and updated in 2001. In its strategic plan 2005-2010, the INTOSAI decided to "provide an up-to-date framework of professional standards", so the INTOSAI Professional Standards Committee decided to merge the existing and new INTOSAI standards and guidelines into a framework.
The framework comprises all documents endorsed by INCOSAI with the purpose →of guiding the professional standards used by SAIs

The ISSAIs can be found at INTOSAI.ORG and issai.org. The list of ISSAIs is in the table below:

• Auditing Standards (ISSAI-numbers of 3 digits) stipulate general principles and postulates for carrying out the audit work;
• Implementation Guidelines (ISSAI-numbers of 4 digits) give more detailed guidance, practical assistance to SAIs in implementing the Standards in their individual constituents.

Two main types of audit

The INTOSAI Auditing Standards distinguish basically two types of audit that a government auditor may perform:

Regularity audit

A Regularity audit or Statutory audit is a financial audit of the financial reporting or budget reporting of the audited entity.

In a regularity audit, the audit report contains the auditor's opinion.

Performance audit

Performance audit refers to an examination of a program, function, operation or the management systems and procedures of a governmental or non-profit entity to assess whether the entity is achieving economy, efficiency and effectiveness in the employment of available resources.

In a performance audit, the report should contain a statement of assurance on those items tested for compliance, as the auditor's conclusion (as opposed to opinion).

The INTOSAI's (and GAO's or ECA's) Performance audit corresponds to the Review Engagements or "Assurance Engagements other than Audits" of the IFAC.

Adoption by intergovernmental organizations

In addition to the INTOSAI members (the Supreme Audit Institutions), the following intergovernmental organizations have adopted INTOSAI AS:

• Council of Europe
• European Communities
  • The European Court of Auditors performs its audits in accordance with the IFAC and INTOSAI Auditing Standards and Codes of ethics, in so far as these are applicable in the European Community context.^[5]
• European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
  • Audit by two appointed Supreme Audit Institutions.
• European Space Agency
  • Audit by an Audit Board composed of Supreme Audit Institutions auditors.
• EUMETSAT
  • Audit by an appointed Supreme Audit Institution.
• International Criminal Police Organization
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
  • Audit by a Supreme Audit Institution.
• The United Nations
  • The United Nations' Board of Auditors (the external audit of the UN) has adopted the ISAs^[6] (International Standards on Auditing). The Board is composed of three Supreme Audit Institutions chairmen, familiar with and usually using the INTOSAI Auditing Standards.^[7]

INTOSAI and Internal Audit

The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) is among the 4 associated members of the INTOSAI.^[8]
The INTOSAI is a strong advocate for the establishment of Independent Internal audit in public entities.

• ISSAI 1610 – Using the Work of Internal Auditors
• INTOSAI Guidance for Good governance : INTOSAI GOVs 9100 - 9230

The guidance 'INTOSAI GOV 9100' states: -(page 46) "The Supreme Audit Institution also has a vested interest in ensuring that strong internal audit units exist where needed. Those audit units constitute an important element of internal control by providing a continuous means for improving an organisation's operations. In some countries, however, the internal audit units may lack independence, be weak, or be non-existent. In those cases, the SAI should, whenever possible, offer assistance and guidance to establish and develop those capacities and to ensure the independence of the internal auditor's activities." - "The creation of an internal audit unit as part of the internal control system is a strong signal by management that internal control is important.
(...) For an internal audit function to be effective, it is essential that the internal audit staff be independent from management, work in an unbiased, correct and honest way and that they report directly to the highest level of authority within the organisation.
(...) "For professional guidance, internal auditors should use the Professional Practices Framework (PPF) of the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) (...) Additionally, internal auditors should follow the INTOSAI Code of Ethics".

Regional working groups

• AFROSAI: African Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions
• ARABOSAI: Arab Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions
• ASOSAI: Asian Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions
• CAROSAI: Caribbean Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions
• EUROSAI: European Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions. For more information please see website.
• OLACEFS: Organization of Latin American and Caribbean Supreme Audit Institutions. For more information please see website
• PASAI: Pacific Association of Supreme Audit Institutions

List of INCOSAI Conferences

INCOSAI	Place	Date	Host	Information
I	Havana, Cuba	November 1953	Ministry of Auditing and Control of the Republic of Cuba
II	Brussels, Belgium	September 1956	Court of Audit of Belgium
III	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	May 1959	Tribunal de Contas da União
IV	Vienna, Austria	May 1962	Court of Audit of the Republic of Austria
V	Jerusalem, Israel	June 1965	State Comptroller's Office of Israel
VI	Tokyo, Japan	May 1968	Board of Audit of Japan
VII	Montreal, Canada	September 1971	Office of the Auditor General of Canada
VIII	Madrid, Spain	May 1974	Tribunal de Cuentas
IX	Lima, Peru	October 1977	Contraloría General de la República del Perú
X	Nairobi, Kenya	June 1980	Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of Kenya
XI	Manila, Philippines	April 1983	Philippine Commission on Audit
XII	Sydney, Australia	April 1986	Australian National Audit Office
XIII	Berlin, Germany	June 1989	Bundesrechnungshof	German commemorative stamp from XIII INCOSAI
XIV	Washington, D.C., U.S.	October 1992	Government Accountability Office
XV	Cairo, Egypt	September - October 1995	Central Auditing Organization of Egypt
XVI	Montevideo, Uruguay	November 1998	Contraloría General de la República del Uruguay
XVII	Seoul, South Korea	October 2001	Board of Audit and Inspection of Korea
XVIII	Budapest, Hungary	October 2004	Hungarian State Audit Office
XIX	Mexico City, Mexico	November 2007	Contraloría General de la República de Mexico	http://www.incosai2007.org.mx/
XX	Johannesburg, South Africa	November 2010	Auditor-General of South Africa	http://www.incosai.co.za/en/
XXI	Beijing, PR China	October 2013	National Audit Office of the People's Republic of China
XXII	Abu Dhabi, UAE	December 2016	State Audit Institution of United Arab Emirates	http://www.incosai2016.ae

Memberships

The following countries are members of the INTOSAI:^[9]

National

Supranational Organisations

• European Court of Auditors

Associate Members

• Association des Institutions Supérieures de Contrôle Ayant en Commun lusage du français (AISCCUF)
• Court of Audit of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA)
• Organization of SAIs of Portuguese Speaking Countries (OISC/CPLP)
• The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA)
• World Bank

See also

• Government performance auditing
• CGAP: Institute of Internal Auditors#Other certificates offered by the IIA
• Negative assurance and Positive assurance

References

1. 1 2 Hussey, Roger; Ong, Audra Wei Ming (2006), International Financial Reporting Standards Desk Reference, Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, p. 289, ISBN 978-0-471-72715-6, OCLC 57573800 
2. 1 2 Franda, Marcus F. (2006), The United Nations in the Twenty-first Century: Management and Reform Processes in a Troubled Organization, Lanham, Maryland, U.S.: Rowman & Littlefield, p. 219, ISBN 978-0-7425-5334-7, OCLC 62895793 
3. ↑ http://www.un.org/auditors/board/mandate.shtml#cm
4. ↑ Shah, Anwar (2007), Performance Accountability and Combating Corruption (PDF), Washington, D.C., U.S.: World Bank, p. 309, ISBN 978-0821369418, OCLC 77116846 
5. ↑ http://eca.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/audit
6. ↑ http://www.un.org/auditors/board/modusop.shtml#soa
7. ↑ The INTOSAI Financial Audit Guidelines will be based on the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) issued by the IAASB http://www.afrosai-e.org.za/HOME/Menu/TechnicalAdvancement/INTOSAIauditingstandards/tabid/82/Default.aspx
8. ↑ Official membership list http://www.intosai.org/en/portal/about_us/organisation/membership_list/
9. ↑ http://www.intosai.org/about-us/organisation/membership-list.html

External links

• www.intosai.org
• A draft framework of ISSAI standards: www.afrosai-e.org.za
• INTOSAI Marks 50 Years International Journal of Government Auditing January 2003