Intermediate-range ballistic missile
An intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) is a ballistic missile with a range of 3,000–5,500 km (1,864–3,418 miles), between a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) and an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). Classifying ballistic missiles by range is done mostly for convenience, in principle there is very little difference between a low-performance ICBM and a high-performance IRBM. The range definition used here is used within the U.S. Missile Defense Agency. Some other sources include an additional category, the long-range ballistic missile (LRBM), to describe missiles with a range between IRBMs and true ICBMs. The more modern term theater ballistic missile encompasses MRBMs and SRBMs, including any ballistic missile with a range under 3,500 km (2,175 mi).
IRBMs are currently operated by the People's Republic of China, India,[1][2] Israel, and possibly North Korea.[3] The United States, USSR, United Kingdom, and France were former operators.
Specific IRBMs
| Date *D | Model | Range km | Maximum km | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | Shaheen | 2,500 |  Pakistan | |
| 1959 | PGM-17 Thor | 1,850 | 3,700 |  United States,  United Kingdom |
| 1970 | DF-3A | 3,300 | 4,000 |  China |
| 1976 | RSD-10 Pioneer (SS-20) | 5,500 |  Soviet Union | |
| 1980 | S3 IRBM | 3,500 |  France | |
| 2004 | DF-25 | 3,200 | 4,000 | China |
| 2006 | Agni-III[4] | 3,500 | 5,000 |  India[5] |
| 2007 | DF-26 | 3,500 | 5,000 | China |
| 2010 | Hwasong-10/RD-B Musudan | 2,500 | 4,000 (not proven) |  North Korea[5] |
| 2011 | Agni-IV | 3,000 | 4,000 | India [6] |
| 2011 | Jericho III | 6,500 | 11,500 |  Israel[7][8] |
| 2012 | KN-08 | North Korea | ||
| 2014 | Pukkuksong-1/KN-11 | 500 | 2000 | North Korea |
- *D All dates approximate
History
The progenitor for the IRBM was the A4b rocket winged for increased range and based on the famous V-2 (Vergeltung, or "Reprisal", officially called A4) rocket designed by Wernher von Braun widely used by Nazi Germany at the end of World War II to bomb English and Belgian cities. The A4b was the prototype for the upper stage of the A9/A10 rocket. The goal of the program was to build a missile capable of bombarding New York when launched in France or Spain (see Amerika Bomber). A4b rockets were tested a few times in December 1944 and January and February 1945.[9] All of these rockets used liquid propellant. The A4b used an inertial guidance system, while the A9 would have been controlled by a pilot. They started from a non-mobile launch pad.
Following World War II von Braun and other lead Nazi scientists were secretly transferred to the United States to work directly for the U.S. Army through Operation Paperclip developing the V-2 into the weapon for the United States.
See also
- Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)
- ICBM
- List of ICBMs
- Short-range ballistic missile (SRBM)
- Medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM)
- Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM)
- Anti-ship ballistic missile (ASBM)
- Hypersonic cruise missile
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
References
- ↑ "Indian Army Successfully Test Fires Nuke-Capable Agni-IV Missile". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- ↑ "Ballistic missile Agni-IV test-fired as part of user trial - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
- ↑ "North Korea's Ballistic Missile Program" (PDF). National Committee on North Korea. Retrieved 2016-04-01.
- ↑ DRDO plans early entry of Agni-4 into arsenal. Business Standard (2011-11-17). Retrieved on 2013-09-07.
- 1 2 "Ballistic Missiles of the World". MissileThreat. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ↑ "Sci-Tech / Science : India to test fire Agni-V by year-end". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 2011-06-03. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ↑ "Jericho 3". Missile Threat. 2012-03-26. Retrieved 2012-09-12.
- ↑ http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/rl30427.pdf
- ↑ "Die geflügelte Rakete ( A7, A9, A4b ) (in German)". V2werk-oberraderach.de. Retrieved 2011-07-15.