Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)

Intelligence Bureau
سراغرسانی کا دفتر
Agency overview
Formed August 17, 1947 (1947-08-17)
Jurisdiction Government of Pakistan
Headquarters Islamabad, Pakistan
Annual budget Classified
Agency executive

The Intelligence Bureau (Urdu: سراغرسانی کا دفتر‎; reporting name:IB), is a civilian intelligence agency in Pakistan. Established in 1947, the IB is Pakistan's oldest intelligence agency. The IB falls under the superintendence of the Ministry of Interior, Government of Islamic Republic Of Pakistan .Appointments and supervision of its operations are authorized by Pakistan's Prime Minister.

History

The Intelligence Bureau originally part of the British Raj's Intelligence Bureau which was established by the British Army's Major General Sir Charles MacGregor who, at that time, was Quartermaster General and head of the Intelligence Department for the British Indian Army at Shimla, in 1885.[2] Prior to this appointment, Major General Sir MacGregor was sent to British Indian Empire by the Queen Victoria.[2] The IB's objectives were to monitor Russian troops deployments in Afghanistan, fearing a Russian invasion of British India through the North-West during the late 19th century.[2]

In the aftermath of the independence of Pakistan by the British Crown, the IB, like the armed forces was partitioned, with a Pakistan IB created in Karachi.[3] Since, the IB is the oldest intelligence community; others being the Military Intelligence (MI) of Pakistan's military.[3] The IB was initially Pakistan's only and main intelligence agency with the responsibility for strategic and foreign intelligence, as well as counter-espionage and domestic affairs.[3]

Its poor performance with the MI and unsatisfactory detailing of the war with India in 1947 was however considered less than exemplary. Due to the fact, IB was concerned with internal security matters, and was not set up for foreign intelligence collection. These considerations ultimately led to the creation of the ISI in 1948 as it quickly took the charge of gathering strategic and foreign intelligence at all levels of command.[4]

Appointment for IB's Director-General are made by the Prime Minister but the appointment has to be confirmed by the President.[1][5] The IB is a civilian intelligence agency, and its DG have been appointed from the civil bureaucracy and the police; as well as retired military officials have also served as DG IB.[6]

Operations

Since 1950s–1980s, the IB was running active operations to monitor politicians, political activists, suspected terrorists, and suspected foreign intelligence agents. Right after Dhaka Fall in 1971, the IB apprised the then Prime Minister of Pakistan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of coup discussions between the Commander-in-Chief, Gul Hassan Khan and Air Chief Marshal Abdul Rahim Khan. Bhutto and his close aides, including Ghulam Mustafa Khar, in a counter-coup invited both Generals to the President House under false pretenses and obtained their resignations.[7] The IB keeps tabs on political operatives from countries it considers hostile to Pakistan's interests. In 1990s, the IB gained international reputation when its agents had successfully infiltrated many of the terrorist organizations.

In 1996, the IB was granted control of government censorship programs, controlling information dissemination via mail, wire, or electronic medium.[8] In 1990s, the IB remained actively involved to curb sectarianism and the fundamentalism in the country. Many of its operations were directed towards infiltration, conducting espionage, counterespionage, and providing key information on terrorist organizations.[8] After the disastrous 9/11 terrorist attacks in the United States, the IB played its role as a stakeholder of the government.[8] IB's successful infiltration techniques has led to the capture and detainment of many of high-profile terrorists and sectarian militants.[8] Moreover, it has been instrumental in efforts to break terrorist networks and organised crime rackets throughout the country especially Karachi through its sophisticated human and technical intelligence apparatus.[8] The agency had also been blamed for its belligerent role in Operation Clean-up at Karachi in 1991-92 and 1994-96.[8]

The IB is considered to be a main tool of the government to pacify opposition elements and is sometimes viewed as a government toppling machine. One case under discussion in the Supreme Court of Pakistan is for the alleged involvement of the agency in destabilising the Punjab Government in 2008.

Constitutionality and powers

The IB agents have no formal arrest powers, and its suspects are often apprehended and interrogated by the FIA agents at the request of the IB officials.[9]

The IB also passes on intelligence gained through infiltration between other Pakistan's intelligence community, police, and other Law enforcement units. The Bureau also grants the necessary security clearances to Pakistani diplomats and judges before they take the oath. Powers granted by the government, the IB also intercepts and opens regular mails and letters on a daily basis.

List of IB officers killed in operational duties

  1. 1970 - Chaudhri Mohammed Nazir, Deputy Director [10]
  2. 1993 - Abdul Latif Baloch
  3. 1994 - Kareem Chaudhry
  4. 1994 - Afzal Rajpoot
  5. 1995 - Haseem ud Din Rana
  6. 1996 - Habibullah
  7. 2000 - Akhtar zaidi Inspector
  8. 2004 - Khubaz Khan, Inspector
  9. 2008 - Nisar Khan, Director
  10. 2008 - Ibrahim
  11. 2008 - Fazl ur Rehman
  12. 2008 - Khan Sardar, Inspector
  13. 2008 - Abdul kabir, Assistant Director
  14. 2009 - Tanveer Raza, Inspector
  15. 2010 - Abdullah Jan Tareen, Inspector
  16. 2010 - Pervaiz Malik, Assistant Director
  17. 2010 - Kashif khan
  18. 2011 - Hassan Raza
  19. 2011 - Alam Khan, Sub Inspector
  20. 2011 - Abdul Razzaq, Inspector
  21. 2011 - Siraj, Deputy Director
  22. 2012 - Qamar Raza, Inspector
  23. 2012 - Bashir Khan, Inspector
  24. 2011 - Arshad Ghayas, Assistant Sub Inspector
  25. 2013 - Muhammad Ali, Sub-Inspector
  26. 2013 - Shakeel Ahmed Awan, Sub Inspector
  27. 2013 - Khawaja Abdul Wahab, Sub Inspector
  28. 2014 - Manan Shah, Inspector
  29. 2014 - Rana M.Saad
  30. 2008 - Khaliq uz zaman, Inspector
  31. 2009 - Qamar Anees Shaheed, Assistant Sub Inspector
  32. 2010 - Saif Ullah Khalid, Inspector
  33. 2013 - Mazhar Ali, Inspector
  34. 2013 - Agha Aatif Khan, Assistant Director
  35. 2013 - Abdul Mueed Hamirani, Assistant Director
  36. 2013 - Sajid Hussain Zahidi, Assistant Director
  37. 2016 - Usman Gul, Inspector [11]

List of IB chiefs

  1. Maj.(R) Masood Shareef - 1996
  1. Col (R) Iqbal Niazi, August 1998-October 1999
  2. Maj Gen (R) Talat Munir, - October 2002
  3. Col (R) Bashir Wali Mohmand, October 2002 - February 2004
  4. Brig (R) Ijaz Shah, February 2004 - March 2008
  5. Tariq Ahmed Lodhi, March 2008-August 2008
  6. Shoaib Suddle, August 2008 - May 2009
  7. Javed Noor, May 2009 - October 2011
  8. Raja Talal Khalil, October 2011 - July 2012
  9. Akhter Hussain Gorchani, July 2012 -March 2013
  10. Aftab Sultan, June 2013 – Present

References

  1. 1 2 Rana, Asim Qadeer (7 June 2013). "Nawaz makes Aftab Sultan new IB chief". Report written by the Nation's reporter A.Q. Rana. The Nation, 2013. The Nation. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 MacGregor,, Sir Charles Metcalfe; MacGregor, Lady Charlotte Mary Jardine (1888). The Life and Opinions of Major-General Sir Charles MacGregor. 2. Edinburgh, [u.k.]: Stanford University Press, 1888. p. 441. o7ILAAAAIAAJ.
  3. 1 2 3 Raman, B. (2002). "Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI)". Intelligence: Past, Present & Future (google books) (2 ed.). New Delhi, India: Sona Printers (Pvt) ltd. p. 417. ISBN 8170622220. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  4. ↑ Todd, Paul; Bloch, Jonathan (2003). Global intelligence : the world's secret services today (1. publ. ed.). London: Zed Press. ISBN 1842771132. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  5. ↑ Ghauri, Irfan (7 June 2013). "Aftab Sultan appointed DG Intelligence Bureau". Irfan Ghauri published the report at the tribune.com.pk. Express Tribune, 2013. Express Tribune. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  6. ↑ Wikileaks. "Overview of Intelligence Services" (PDF). Wikileaks. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  7. ↑ http://thediplomat.com/2016/09/why-do-coups-happen-in-pakistan-a-rejoinder/
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Haqqani, Husain (2005). Pakistan between mosque and military. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. ISBN 0870032852.
  9. ↑ Lyon, Peter (2008). Conflict between India and Pakistan : an encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1576077128. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  10. ↑ "Four Killed When Man Drives Truck Into Airport Reception Shouting "Down With Reds"". Associated Press. 2 November 1970.
  11. ↑ http://www.dawn.com/news/1274645

Bibliography

Periodicals

External links

IB officer shot dead at Karachi IB officer killed at Peshawar Supreme Court hearing case for involvement of IB in toppling Provincial Government

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