Inferno (Doctor Who)

Inferno is the fourth and final serial of the seventh season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in seven weekly parts from 9 May to 20 June 1970. The serial remains the last time a Doctor Who story was transmitted in seven episodes. This serial was also the last regular appearance of Caroline John in the role of Liz Shaw.

Plot

"The Inferno" is the nickname given to a project to penetrate the Earth's crust to reach pockets of Stahlman's Gas, which is theorised to be able to provide boundless amounts of cheap energy. Professor Stahlman is ill-tempered and obsessive about any interference with his work. Sir Keith Gold, the project director, is concerned about this and tells Petra Williams, Stahlman's assistant, that he is calling Greg Sutton, an oil drilling expert, to consult on safety issues. UNIT is overseeing security at the project. The Third Doctor is also present, as he is using surplus power from the project's nuclear reactor in experiments on the TARDIS console, hoping to repair it and end the exile on Earth imposed on him by the Time Lords (The War Games).

Harry Slocum, a worker, encounters a toxic green slime seeping out of a pipe that mutates him into a subhuman primordial creature who kills several technicians and a soldier. The substance also scorches Stahlman's hand. Meanwhile, whilst operating the TARDIS console, the Doctor vanishes before the Brigadier and Liz and arrives in a parallel universe. On this Earth, Great Britain is a Republic under a Fascist regime, the British Royal Family having been executed many years previously. The Inferno project is also ongoing, though several hours ahead in this reality. The project is run as a scientific labour camp, under the auspices of Director Stahlmann, Professor Stahlman's counterpart. The Doctor, captured and under interrogation by the British Republican Security Forces, encounters alternative versions of his friends - "Brigade Leader" Lethbridge-Stewart, "Section Leader" Elizabeth Shaw, and "Platoon Under Leader" Benton. In this universe, Sir Keith Gold has recently died in a car accident. The Doctor tries to convince his friends' counterparts that he is from another universe, but they believe he is a spy, trying to feign insanity. The Doctor escapes his cell and tries to stop the drilling but is discovered.

As Stahlmann holds the Doctor at gunpoint with the Brigade Leader's pistol, an earth tremor rocks the installation, and most of the technicians and RSF troops flee the complex in terror. Stahlmann and most of the scientists become Primords. The Doctor believes that the parallel Earth is doomed and tries to convince the others that he can stop this from happening in his own universe if they will help him to return. Finally agreeing to help the Doctor, the group fights off the hordes of Primords, including an infected and mutated Benton, with fire extinguishers, as the creatures thrive on heat and are vulnerable to low temperatures. The parallel Petra and Sutton feed power to the TARDIS console. The Brigade Leader threatens to shoot the Doctor if he doesn't save them but is shot dead by Section Leader Shaw. The Doctor returns to his own universe just as a wall of lava sweeps towards the hut.

After waking from a coma, the Doctor learns that since Sir Keith Gold survived the car accident that killed his parallel self, "the pattern can be changed" and this Earth need not perish. The Doctor tries to stop the project by smashing the equipment, but he is restrained by UNIT troops. This world's Stahlman has also mutated into a Primord and attacks the control room before being killed by the Doctor and Sutton with fire extinguishers. Petra has the drilling stopped, and with the project abandoned, Sir Keith plans to have the shaft filled in. Shortly before the nuclear reactor is deactivated, the Doctor tries to leave using the TARDIS console but lands several hundred yards away at a rubbish dump.

Continuity

This story marks the last appearance of the original TARDIS console, which had been used on the series since the first story, An Unearthly Child. The story shows it removed from the TARDIS and malfunctioning badly. Liz Shaw does not feature in any subsequent serials, although an illusory image of her is seen in The Five Doctors. In Death of the Doctor, she is said to be at UNIT's moon base. In the next serial (Terror of the Autons, at the start of the following season) it is mentioned that Liz went back to Cambridge.

Locations

The production filmed at Kingsnorth Industrial Estate in Medway, Kent which featured as the setting for the Inferno project.^[1]

Production

Scriptwriter Don Houghton was a personal friend of the Doctor Who script editor, Terrance Dicks: they had worked together for Lew Grade at ATV in the 1960s, on the TV soap opera Crossroads. During a train journey, Houghton discussed with Dicks his idea for a serial based on the real life drilling project known as Project Mohole. Budgetary limitations eventually led to the concept of the parallel world, so that the same actors and sets could be used for seven episodes, rather than the four episodes in Houghton's original story breakdown, in order to cut costs.^[2]

Despite Douglas Camfield receiving sole credit as director, episodes 3 to 7 were directed by producer Barry Letts^[3] after Camfield had a minor heart attack on April 27th, 1970. Letts later stated that Camfield's preparations were so meticulous, he merely followed the other director's plans. Camfield remained credited as director, as BBC regulations at the time forbade any person from being credited for more than one production role, and Letts did not want Camfield's illness to become widely known, lest it harm his career.

Stuntman Derek Ware did not actually perform the scene where his character, the mutated RSF Trooper Wyatt, is shot and falls to his death from the top of one of the chemical tanks, in case he was injured, as he was also needed for the studio recording. His place was taken by Roy Scammell, who also played the soldier who fired the fatal shot. Ware stated in an interview that Scammell had already signed the contract to do the fall before Ware had been cast as Wyatt. At the time it was filmed, it was the highest fall ever performed by a British stuntman.

John Levene's portrayal of Benton as a Primord was inspired by Shakespeare's Richard III (because of the Primord creature's hump).^[4]

Caroline John said she enjoyed her role as Section Leader Elizabeth Shaw, as it was fun playing Liz as a "baddie". She also said she hated doing the scenes when she was playing her usual role, because it was boring compared to playing the parallel character. She was upset, though, about the scene in which Section-Leader Shaw shot Brigade Leader Lethbridge-Stewart, as she was pregnant at the time. As a result, the scene was recorded with the weapon fired from out-of-shot, after which Shaw was shown returning the gun to her holster.^[5] Her pregnancy made it impossible for her to continue in the show, and this became her final serial.

During the scenes set on the parallel Earth, images of the British Republic's leader are seen on posters. The image used is that of BBC visual effects designer Jack Kine, in homage to the 1954 BBC adaptation of Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four in which the face of Big Brother was actually that of head of television design Roy Oxley (Kine had worked on the visual effects for that production).

Episode 6 has a small damaged section on the American NTSC videotape used as the source of the colour signal for the restoration, which the Doctor Who Restoration Team replaced by painstakingly recolouring the appropriate section of the b/w film recording.^[6]

Music

Director Douglas Camfield chose not to commission any new incidental music for the serial, but instead made use of existing library recordings made by members of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. These included: "Blue Veils & Golden Sands" and "The Delian Mode" (both by Delia Derbyshire); "Battle Theme", "Homeric Theme", "Attack of the Alien Minds" and "Souls in Space" (all by Brian Hodgson); and "Build Up To" (by David Vorhaus). In additional, as was usual, Brian Hodgson supplied new sound effects for the serial, including "Tardis Control On & Warp Transfer".^[7]

According to the DVD release notes from the ITV serial Timeslip, this music was subsequently featured in the second episode of that show's serial The Time Of The Ice Box.

Cast notes

Christopher Benjamin, who plays Sir Keith Gold, subsequently appeared as Henry Gordon Jago in The Talons of Weng-Chiang and as Colonel Hugh Curbishley in The Unicorn and the Wasp. He also played Tardelli in the audio play Grand Theft Cosmos. Most recently, he has returned to play the character of Henry Gordon Jago in a long running series of audio dramas titled Jago & Litefoot based upon the situation established in The Talons of Weng-Chiang.

The role of Petra Williams was given to Sheila Dunn when Kate O'Mara was unavailable to play the part. O'Mara would, years later, be cast as the Rani, a renegade Time Lord. Dunn was the wife of this story's director, Douglas Camfield, and had appeared twice before in Doctor Who, in The Invasion and The Daleks' Master Plan. Ian Fairbairn had previously appeared as Gregory in The Invasion and would feature again as Doctor Chester in The Seeds of Doom.

Derek Newark had previously played Za in An Unearthly Child.^[3]

Stuntman Alan Chuntz^[8] received a bad leg injury in episode 3 when he was hit by the car Jon Pertwee was driving. Pertwee felt so bad about it that he became ill himself, which threatened to disrupt filming.

Broadcast and reception

In 2009, Mark Braxton of Radio Times praised the intense atmosphere, with a "good, scary, cautionary" plot. However, he noted that the Primords were not the best physical design and their relationship to the events was not cleared up.^[12] Reviewing the special edition DVD release, Dave Golder of SFX gave the serial four out of five stars. He wrote that the alternative universe plot that was (mistakenly cited as being) added to stretch out the story^[13] was "the best thing about it" and the actual plot felt "a little B-movie in comparison, but ... remains a stylish and action-packed slice of Pertwee Who.^[14] DVD Talk's Ian Jane rated Inferno three and a half out of five stars, praising the cast and "decent" production values. Jane noted that the story had a slow beginning, but once the pace picked up it became "choice entertainment".^[15] In 2008, The Daily Telegraph named Inferno as one of the ten best Doctor Who episodes ever.^[16] Charlie Jane Anders of io9 listed the cliffhanger of the sixth episode as one of Doctor Who's greatest cliffhangers in a 2010 article.^[17] Den of Geek listed the serial as an example of good sound design^[18] and music score.^[19]

This serial was judged by a 2009 Doctor Who Magazine fan poll to be the finest story of the Third Doctor's era and 31st in the series overall (out of 200 stories total).^[20] A similar poll taken in 2014 ranked Inferno as the 18th greatest story of all time.^[21]

Commercial releases

In print

Inferno

Author	Terrance Dicks
Cover artist	Nick Spender
Series	Doctor Who book: Target novelisations
Release number	89
Publisher	Target Books
Publication date	18 October 1984
ISBN	0-426-19617-1

A novelisation of this serial, written by Terrance Dicks, was published by Target Books in June 1984.

Home media

The original 625-line PAL videotapes were wiped for reuse in the mid 1970s. BBC Enterprises retained the black-and-white film recordings made for overseas sales. In 1985, a set of broadcast quality 525-line NTSC videotapes were returned from Canada. Due to the complexities of conversion, the original re-conversions back to 625-line PAL left the picture looking a little blurred and faded when the story was released on VHS in the UK in May 1994. Prior to this, episode 7 of the story had been included on the 1992 VHS release, The Pertwee Years (along with the final episodes of both The Dæmons and Frontier in Space). When Inferno was released on Region 2 DVD on 19 June 2006, however, the picture quality had been markedly enhanced through the use of the "Reverse Standards Conversion" procedure. This serial was also released as part of the Doctor Who DVD Files in Issue 44 on 8 September 2010.

A Special Edition re-release of the story was released on 27 May 2013.^[22] This uses the same technique employed on the special edition DVD of The Claws of Axos: the colour information from the Reverse Standards Conversion video was combined with luminance information from a geometrically-corrected remaster of the b/w 16mm film recording, with VidFIRE applied to the studio interior scenes to recreate the 50-field interlaced look. The resulting picture is sharper than the RSC version.^[23]

The Canadian videotapes include an additional scene in Episode 5 that was not originally transmitted in the UK, but was retained for overseas screening (and has also appeared on both the UK Gold transmissions and BBC Video's VHS release). Set in the Brigade Leader's office with the Doctor, the Brigade Leader and Section Leader Shaw listening to a BBC radio news report voiced by Jon Pertwee, who imitates the style of William Joyce, the scene was cut before transmission because Pertwee's voice was too identifiable. The radio announcer names the area where the Inferno project is taking place as Eastchester; the name is not mentioned anywhere else in the story, but is subsequently mentioned in spin-off media. The scene was included as an extra on the DVD releases, with the episode itself presented exactly as originally transmitted (using the b/w film recording for reference when editing).

References

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Third Doctor

• Inferno at BBC Online
• Inferno DVD page on the Doctor Who Restoration Team Website
• Inferno at Doctor Who: A Brief History of Time (Travel)
• Inferno at the Doctor Who Reference Guide
• Doctor Who Locations - Inferno

Reviews

• Inferno reviews at Outpost Gallifrey
• Inferno reviews at The Doctor Who Ratings Guide

Target novelisation

• On Target — Inferno