Indarctos

Indarctos Temporal range: Miocene PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N

I. atticus skull
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Suborder:	Caniformia
Superfamily:	Arctoidea
Family:	Ursidae
Subfamily:	Ailuropodinae
Tribe:	†Indarctini Abella et al., 2012
Genus:	†Indarctos Pilgrim, 1913
Type species
†Indarctos salmontanus Pilgrim, 1913
Species
†I. punjabensis (Lydekker, 1884) †I. zdanskyi (Qiu & Tedford, 2003) †I. sinensis (Zdansky, 1924) †I. vireti (Villalta & Crusafont, 1943) †I. arctoides (Deperet, 1895) †I. anthracitis (Weithofer, 1888) †I. salmontanus (Pilgrim, 1913) †I. atticus (Weithofer, 1888) †I. bakalovi (Kovachev, 1988) †I. lagrelli (Zdansky, 1924) †I. oregonensis (Merriam et al., 1916) †I. nevadensis (Macdonald, 1959)

A baculum from Indarctos arctoides.

Indarctos is a genus of mammals of the bear family, Ursidae, endemic to North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia during the Miocene. It was present from ~11.1 to 5.3 Ma, existing for approximately 6.2 million years.

The oldest member is from Arizona (~11.1—7.7 Ma) and youngest is (~9.0—5.3 Ma) from Kazakhstan. In North America this animal was contemporary with Plionarctos (~10.3—3.3 Ma).

Taxonomy

Indarctos was named by Pilgrim (1913) Its type is Indarctos salmontanus. It was assigned to Agriotheriini by Chorn and Hoffman (1978); to Ursavini by Hunt (1998); and to Ursidae by Pilgrim (1913), Carroll (1988) and Salesa et al. (2006).^[1]^[2]^[3] Abell et al. (2012) designated the genus in a new tribe Indarctini and assigned it to Ailuropodinae.^[4]

Morphology

Body mass

Two specimens were examined by Legendre and Roth for body mass.^[5]

Specimen 1 estimated to weigh: 244.4 kg

Fossil distribution

Sites and specimen ages:

Box T Site, Lipscomb County, Texas ~9.3—9.2 Ma.
Rattlesnake site, Grant County, Oregon ~10.3—4.9 Ma.
Withlacoochee River Site 4A, Marion County, Florida paleontological sites (Indarctos sp.) ~10.3—4.9 Ma.
Lufeng, Yunnan, China (I. atticus) ~9—5.3 Ma.
Yulafli (CY), Thrace, Turkey (I. arctoides) ~9.7—8.7 Ma.
Batallones-3 site, Madrid Basin, Spain (I. arctoides) ~11.6—5.3 Ma.

^[6]

References

↑ J. Chorn and R. S. Hoffman. 1978. Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Mammalian Species 110:1-6
↑ Hunt, R. M. (1998). "Ursidae". In Jacobs, Louis; Janis, Christine M.; Scott, Kathleen L. Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America: Volume 1, Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 174–195. ISBN 0-521-35519-2.
↑ M. J. Salesa, M. Antón, S. Peigné and J. Morales. 2006. Evidence of a false thumb in a fossil carnivore clarifies the evolution of pandas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103(2):379-382
↑ Abella, Juan, et al. "Kretzoiarctos gen. nov., the oldest member of the giant panda clade." PLoS One 7.11 (2012): e48985.
↑ S. Legendre and C. Roth. 1988. Correlation of carnassial tooth size and body weight in recent carnivores (Mammalia). Historical Biology 1(1):85-98
↑ Abella J, Valenciano A, Pérez-Ramos A, Montoya P, Morales J (2013) On the Socio-Sexual Behaviour of the Extinct Ursid Indarctos arctoides: An Approach Based on Its Baculum Size and Morphology. PLoS ONE 8(9): e73711. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073711

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 9/23/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.