Imagery of nude celebrities

There has been demand for nude images of celebrities for several decades, and it is a lucrative business exploited by vendors of pornography as well as by websites and magazines.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

Types include authorized images, such as film screenshots, copies from previously published images, such as shots from magazines or stills or clips from movies, to unauthorised images such as celebrity sex tapes, and paparazzi photos capturing unintentional or private scenes, and faked or doctored images.[8][9]

Overview

There has been a commercial demand for images of nude celebrities for many decades.[8][10] Playboy magazine was known for offering celebrities large amounts of money to appear nude in its magazine, and more downmarket pornographic magazines search far and wide for nude pictures of celebrities taken unaware — for example, when they are bathing topless or nude at what the subject thought was a secluded beach, or taken before the individual was well known. Paparazzi-produced photos are in high demand among sensational magazines and press.[11][12]

In some countries, privacy law and personality rights can lead to civil action against organizations that publish photos of nude celebrities without a model release, and this restricts the availability of such photos through the print media. On the Internet, the difficulty of identifying offenders and applying court sanction makes circulation of such photographs much less risky.[13] Such photographs circulate through many online photo distribution channels such as Usenet and Internet forums, and commercial operators, often in countries beyond the reach of courts, also offer such photos for commercial gain. Copyright restrictions are often ignored.

In some cases, when the depicted person is young and the photo is an actual photo, nude media of celebrities may fall under the purvue of child pornography laws, a legal regime with harsh penalties for distribution.[14] When such photos are faked or doctored, the media is classified as simulated child pornography.

History

There has likely been interest in nude images of celebrities for as long as artistic nude imagery and pornography has existed. One of the more famous examples is Playboy's inaugural December 1953 issue that featured photos of Marilyn Monroe from a 1949 photo session as its first Playmate of the Month.[15][16] The commercialization, promotion, and organized supply of nude celebrity images can be traced to another men's magazine, High Society, and the efforts of its first female Editor, Gloria Leonard. This began as a feature that showcased risqué photos of celebrities like Jodie Foster and Goldie Hawn, usually lifted from film stills,[17] and became a spin-off venture of High Society called Celebrity Skin magazine in 1986. Over its twenty-five year run Margot Kidder, Ann-Margret and Barbra Streisand unsuccessfully attempted to sue the magazine after it published nude photos of them.[18] Yet another magazine earned additional notoriety for its publication of nude photographs of models who at the time were not celebrities, but later attained fame. Penthouse magazine published nude photos in its September 1984 issue of a young adult film actress, Traci Lords (later found to be underage at the time),[19] and current Miss America, Vanessa Williams, that caused her to be stripped of her crown.[20]

Types of nude celebrity media

Media of nude celebrities fall into five main categories:

See also

Events

References

  1. ↑ "Gawping at nude celeb pics is not a crime". Spiked!. Retrieved 2014-09-10.
  2. ↑ Roisin Kiberd (September 3, 2014). "The Fappening Has Revealed a New Type of Pervert". Vice.
  3. ↑ Amanda Marcotte (September 3, 2014). "'The Fappening' and Revenge Porn Culture: Jennifer Lawrence and the Creepshot Epidemic". Tech + Health. The Daily Beast.
  4. ↑ Andrew Leonard (September 2, 2014). "Reddit's pathetic nude celebrity selfie rage". Salon.
  5. ↑ Howard Kurtz (September 4, 2014). "Nude Photo Hacking: Why the mainstream media are part of the problem". Fox News.
  6. ↑ John Marcotte (September 3, 2014). "Sinister Motives and Victim Blaming: The Ugly Truth About Leaked Celebrity Nudes". Huffington Post.
  7. ↑ Valenti, Jessica (September 1, 2014). "What's Wrong With Checking Out Stolen Nude Photos of Celebrities". The Atlantic. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
  8. 1 2 Gay, Roxane (September 1, 2014). "The Great Naked Celebrity Photo Leak of 2014 is just the beginning". The Guardian. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
  9. ↑ Grisham, Lori (September 2, 2014). "Psychology behind hacking and sharing nude celebrity photos". USA Today. Retrieved September 3, 2014.
  10. ↑ Cubrilovic, Nik (September 4, 2014). "I explored the dark side of the network behind the nude celebrities hack". The Guardian. Retrieved September 3, 2014.
  11. ↑ Lorraine Devon Wilke (3 September 2014). "The Bigger Issue: Will Americans Ever Get Past Their Peeping Tom Mentality?". The Huffington Post.
  12. ↑ Stephanie Marcus (2 September 2014). "America's Sweetheart Got Hacked, But It's Been Happening For Years". The Huffington Post.
  13. ↑ Alice Vincent (3 September 2014). "Mr Skin on Jennifer Lawrence leak: 'these actresses will ultimately benefit'". The Telegraph.
  14. ↑ Stephanie Marcus (2 September 2014). "McKayla Maroney Was Reportedly Underage In Hacked Nude Photos". The Huffington Post.
  15. ↑ Les Harding (2012). They Knew Marilyn Monroe: Famous Persons in the Life of the Hollywood Icon. McFarland. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-7864-9014-1. Retrieved July 23, 2013.
  16. ↑ Susan Gunelius (2009). Building Brand Value the Playboy Way. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-230-23958-6. Retrieved July 23, 2013.
  17. ↑ SLOTNIK, DANIEL E. (February 5, 2014). "Gloria Leonard, Publisher, Pornography Star and Advocate, Dies at 73". New York Times. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  18. ↑ "Gloria Leonard". Feminists for Free Expression. Retrieved 2009-03-30.
  19. ↑ Lords, Traci Elizabeth. Traci Lords: Underneath It All. New York: HarperCollins, 2003.
  20. ↑ Kane, Gary (2010-10-21). "Bob Guccione, 'Penthouse' magazine founder, dies". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  21. ↑ Kushner, David (November 2003). "These Are Definitely Not Scully's Breasts". Wired (11.11). Retrieved 2009-05-19.
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