Hotep
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| ḥtp ('hotep', 'hetep') in hieroglyphs |
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Hotep (ḥtp) is an Egyptian word that roughly translates as "to be at peace". It is regularly found in the names of ancient Egyptian figures such as Hotepsekhemwy (ḥr ḥtp-sḫm.wj "the two powers are at peace"), the first ruler of Egypt's Second Dynasty.[1]
Hotep is rendered in hieroglyphs as an altar/offering table (Gardiner R4). It has special semantic meanings in the Ancient Egyptian offering formula, also known as the ḥtp-dỉ-nsw formula, to refer to the "boon given by the king," or the food and goods on which a dead soul was supposed to subsist during the afterlife.[2]
Hotep is the Egyptological pronunciation of Egyptian ḥtp (Gardiner p 579 and 617 = law). The phrase m hotep has been translated to mean literally from law "peace" (Gardiner p 583 and 620 "to rest" "be satisfied", "peace", "become at peace" and "at ease") as in the Egyptian philosophy of living the life in Maat.[3][4][5]
Pharaonic names with 'hotep'
List of pharaohs with "hotep" as part of their name:
- Hotepsekhemwy
- Mentuhotep I, Mentuhotep II, Mentuhotep III, Mentuhotep IV, Mentuhotep V and Mentuhotep VI
- Sehetepibre Amenemhat I
- Sehetepibre
- Hotepibre
- Sobekhotep I, Sobekhotep II, Sobekhotep III, Sobekhotep IV, Merhotepre Sobekhotep V, Khahotepre Sobekhotep VI, Sobekhotep VII and Sobekhotep VIII
- Neferhotep I, Neferhotep II and Neferhotep III
- Merhotepre Ini
- Rahotep
- Amenhotep I, Amenhotep II, Amenhotep III and Amenhotep IV, later known as Akhenaten
- Sehetepibenre Pedubast
Other names with 'hotep'
List of non-pharaonic people with "hotep" as part of their name:
In popular culture
- The title of the American comedy film Bubba Ho-Tep (2002) refers to the nickname for a reanimated mummy that wears a cowboy hat.
- Hotep is an avatar available in Active Worlds.
- "Hotep" is a commonly used greeting in Afrocentric circles.[6][7][8]
- Hotep is one of the advisors to Pharaoh in the animated epic film The Prince of Egypt (1998).
- Nyarlathotep is a deity or a demon in stories by H.P. Lovecraft.
See also
- Radical 113 - A similar glyph in Chinese
- List of hieroglyphs/R
Further reading
- Faulkner, William (1991). Middle Egyptian. Griffith. ISBN 0-900416-32-7.:
p 159 hrt = "peace", hrw = "pleasing, be pleased, satisfied";
p 179 htp = "altar, offering, boon which the king grants, be pleased, be happy, be gracious, pardon, be at peace, be peaceful, become calm"
p 180 "rest, satisfy, make content, htpw peace, contentment, good pleasure, make peace, htpt peace, contentment. To put to rest disputes, and settle the complaints of petitioners be peaceful, calm, make peace".
References
- ↑ "Egyptian kings - Hotepsekhemwy, Hetepsekhemwy, Bedjau, Boethos". nemo.nu.
- ↑ Gardiner, Alan. (1957). Egyptian Grammar, Third Edition, p. 170. Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. ISBN 0-900416-35-1.
- ↑ "NiankhkhnumKhnumhotep Names United". egyptology.com.
- ↑ Branney, Sean (1988). Strange Eons (PDF). 2, Issue 10. Retrieved July 16, 2006.
- ↑ http://www.ancient-egypt.org/kings/02/0201_hotepsekhemwi/titulary.html
- ↑ Archived January 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Rudy Aunk (November 29, 2007). "What is the Meaning of Hotep?". The Cultural Health News Blog. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
- ↑ Angelica Jade Bastién (October 16, 2016). "'Insecure' Season 1, Episode 2: Failure to Change". The New York Times. Retrieved 2016-11-01.
External links
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