Hillary Victory Fund

The Hillary Victory Fund solicits donations online using a web form. By giving to a joint fundraising committee, donors may exceed the $2,700 per person cap on donations to a presidential campaign.^[1]

The Hillary Victory Fund is a joint fundraising committee for Hillary for America (the Hillary Clinton presidential campaign organization), the Democratic National Committee (DNC), and 33 state Democratic committees.^[2] As of May 2016, the Fund had raised $61 million in donations.^[3]

The Fund's promotional materials describe it is a way to "support Hillary Clinton and Democrats up and down the ticket."^[4] Individual donations are first allocated to Hillary for America (up to $2,700 or $5,400 for married couples), then to the Democratic National Committee (up to $33,400) and finally divided among state parties.^[4] An analysis by Politico found that funds provided to the state parties were often immediately transferred to the DNC and that "less than 1 percent of the $61 million raised by that effort has stayed in the state parties’ coffers."^[3] The Bernie Sanders campaign has criticized the Fund and alleged that Clinton's campaign is "looting funds meant for the state parties to skirt fundraising limits on her presidential campaign."^[5]

History

The Clinton campaign courted state party leaders to join the Fund during the August 2015 Democratic National Committee summer meeting.^[6] The fund's launch was originally delayed by concerns from the Clinton campaign over the party's control of shared monies,^[7] but went forward on September 10, 2015, as a partnership between the Clinton campaign and the United States Democratic Party's Democratic National Committee.^[8] The fund is the earliest fundraising coalition formed between a presidential candidate and the national party.^[6] Several officials in the national committee only became aware of the plans in the weeks before its launch.^[7] The 33 state parties were added six days later.^[8] Mississippi, New Hampshire, Virginia, and Wisconsin were among the first state Democratic Party committees to commit to the Victory Fund. The states, in turn, would receive monies from the fund and assistance with voter registration.^[7] Some states, like California, Iowa, Nebraska, and Washington, chose not to participate. The Utah Democratic Party chose to participate and its head said that state donations were expected to be sent to national headquarters.^[6] Access to the fund is "legally available to any Democratic candidate", though only Clinton's campaign receives direct access to large donors.^[7] A spokesperson for the Democratic National Committee said that the joint fundraising committee was designed to raise funds for use after the presidential primary,^[2] and was no different from the victory funds of the previous two presidential elections.^[6] Proceeds would be invested in the national electoral roll, state party budgets, and expanded research, digital, and communications systems.^[6]

The fund raised about $27 million in 2015 and received "six-figure donations from longtime Clinton allies".^[6] Hillary Clinton attended her first Hillary Victory Fund event in early December 2015 with 160 attendees.^[2] The musician Sting hosted the event in New York.^[6] Tickets ranged from $33,400 per person to $100,000 per couple, and raised $8 million for the fund.^[9] The fund held a second event, hosted by Elton John and Katy Perry in Radio City Music Hall, in early March 2016. George and Amal Clooney hosted a third fundraiser on April 15, 2016, in the Bay Area home of venture capitalist Shervin Pishevar for the Hillary Victory Fund in which seats at the head table with the Clooneys and Clinton cost $350,000. A fundraiser the next day at the Clooneys' mansion has an entrance fee of $33,400 per person. (For comparison, other Clinton fundraisers without celebrities asks hosts to raise $10,000 to $50,000.) Attendees at the Clooney mansion event include Kate Capshaw and Steve Spielberg, Jeffrey Katzenberg, and Haim and Cheryl Saban.^[9] Following the national committee's decision to end its 2008 ban on federal lobbyist contributions, the International Business Times reported another event on March 21, 2016, organized by Clinton campaign chair John Podesta, Citibank and News Corporation lobbyist Steve Elmendorf, pharmaceutical lobbyist Jeff Forbes, and financial lobbyist Susan Brophy for the Hillary Victory Fund. A single donor can give upwards of $700,000 to the fund.^[10]

Finances

The fund is managed by the Clinton campaign and its treasurer is the campaign's chief operating officer, Elizabeth Jones, who has the sole discretion for the timing of money transfers. The Washington Post wrote that the fund operates within the Clinton campaign and is run by campaign staff, who are, in turn, funded by the Hillary Victory Fund.^[6] Money raised by the Fund is deposited with Amalgamated Bank, a union-owned bank that also hosts accounts of Hillary for America and the Democratic National Committee. The campaign has said that the state parties and other party campaigns would benefit from the agreement in a time when Republicans received donations in "record amounts".^[6] The campaign saw itself as competing with "untold hundreds of millions of dollars being spent with zero accountability by super PACs".^[6]

The Hillary Victory Fund lets the Clinton 2016 presidential campaign ask big donors for over $700,000 apiece. American presidential campaigns have a history of working to reach the legal maximum donations from single donors. In 2008, Barack Obama's presidential campaign sought $30,000 in donations from big donors, which was the legal limit for donations to the campaign and related fundraising committees. In 2014, the Supreme Court case McCutcheon v. FEC built on the Citizens United decision by ruling that limitations to an individual's total political donations were unconstitutional. These unregulated contributions to political party committees is known as "soft money", and had led to corruption cases in both parties from malfeasance in the 1980s and 90s before Congress barred its use in 2002.^[2] The 2014 Congressional omnibus budget bill also raised political party donation limits.,^[8] a review of campaign finance records by The Washington Free Beacon has found that "Over $300,000 that was transferred from Hillary Clinton’s joint fundraising venture to state Democratic parties is unaccounted for." ^[11]

In 2016, donors to the Hillary Victory Fund could contribute $5,400 to the Clinton campaign, $33,400 to the Democratic National Committee, and $10,000 to each of the 33 state Democratic Party committees, for a total of nearly $360,000 in a calendar year.^[12] Joint finance committees like Hillary Victory Fund could receive that amount in a single check and proportion the funds accordingly. A donor who maxed out their contributions in 2015 could also max out in 2016 for a total of $700,000 towards the 2016 election, which is 135 times the $5,400 personal limit for presidential campaign contributions.^[2] (By comparison, in prior election cycles, individual donors were limited to $123,200 in total contributions.^[8])

The fund raised about $27 million in 2015.^[6] Individual donors who contributed over $300,000 in 2015 included Susie Tompkins Buell, Fred Eychaner, J.B. Pritzker, Laure Woods,^[8] Avie Glazer, Jeffrey Katzenberg, Philip Munger, and Alice Walton.^[6] In September 2015, the Hillary Victory Fund spent $800,000 on fundraising and Clinton campaign staff salaries, gave $600,000 to the Democratic National Committee, and left $1.75 million to be distributed.^[8] More than $4 million of the fund went to direct mail and online fundraising for small contributions. Much of this material resembled Clinton campaign materials and used the campaign slogan.^[6] The Hillary Victory Fund spent $6.4 million on operations in 2015, of which two-thirds went to Clinton campaign-affiliated vendors in Washington, D.C.^[6] By the end of 2015, $3.24 million went to Clinton's campaign and $4.13 million went to the national committee. Of the latter, the state parties were due to receive $1.8 million, but the funds were redirected to the national committee to pay off outstanding debt.^[6] Clinton staff salaries and overhead were paid $1.5 million out of the fund in 2015.^[6] The fund also runs Clinton's online merchandise store. Purchases at the store do not count towards contribution maximums.^[6]

Reception

Paul Blumenthal, a political reporter for The Huffington Post noted that the super joint fundraising committee was unusual. Candidates did not normally agree to joint fundraising until after securing the nomination. It was also the first fundraising committee since the 2014 fundraising law changes.^[8] The New York Times reported that some state party officials "expressed reservations" at the Clinton campaign's pairing with the national party before the nominee was officially selected.^[7] By comparison, the 2008 campaign's fund was not started until June of the election year, and as of February 2016, the Republican National Committee had not established a joint fundraising committee with its candidates.^[6] Some states were hesitant to join the fund, which might appear as a Clinton endorsement and alienation of local donors, but national party officials described the fund as "a way to strengthen the party at its roots".^[6] Clinton's opponents in the Democratic presidential primary complained of impartiality on the part of the national committee.^[7] While some Democrats questioned the strategy of joint fundraising when Republican super PACs were outpacing Clinton's campaign in fundraising, the chairman of the New Hampshire state party said that it was never too early to prepare for the general election.^[7]

The Washington Post reported in February 2016 that the Clinton campaign had received much of the fund's benefits despite its intended use in state party elections. The newspaper added that the early organization of the fund was a demonstration of the campaign's maximization of big donor support.^[6] As the Clinton campaign fought off fellow primary candidate Bernie Sanders, the fund recruited new, small donors—a strategy that campaign finance attorneys described to The Washington Post as "unusual", since joint fundraising committees normally focused on large donors and posh events.^[6] A former general counsel of the Federal Election Commission said that the joint fundraising committee structure was not intended to support a single candidate, and the fund appeared to turn "the traditional notion of a joint committee into a Hillary fundraising committee".^[6] As of February 2016, the Sanders campaign was not involved in active joint fundraising with the national committee, and considered the fund to be subsidiary to the Clinton campaign.^[6] The Sanders joint fundraising committee, the Bernie Victory Fund, is headed by the national committee's chief financial officer, and its only funding is a $1,000 donation from the national committee.^[6] As of March 2016, the Sanders campaign financed itself completely through small donations and was potentially uninterested in the Victory Fund coffers if nominated.^[13]

In May 2016, Politico analyzed Federal Election Commission filings and found that the state parties retained less than one percent of the $61 million raised by the Hillary Victory Fund. While $3.8 million had been transferred to the state parties, 88 percent of it was transferred back to the national committee, usually within 1-2 days, by the Clinton staff member who leads the Fund. This let the national committee intake money from individuals beyond the limit they could receive from individuals directly. The campaign received $15.4 million of the Fund and the national committee received $5.7 million. Most of the $23.3 million expended directly by the Hillary Victory Fund has gone to activities that directly benefit the Clinton campaign, such as $2.8 million for staffing costs and $8.6 million in web advertising. These ads were run by the same company used by the Clinton campaign. Politico reported state party officials as being unhappy about the "one-sided" arrangement in which the states parties are used to raise money for the Clinton campaign while its supporters exaggerate the good done for the state parties. The Clinton campaign and national committee said that all state branches of the party would benefit from the improved national voter data.^[3]

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