Haqqi al-Azm

Haqqi al-Azm حقي العظم
Prime Minister of Syria
In office 7 June 1932 – 16 March 1934
President	Muhammad Ali al-Abid
Preceded by	Taj al-Din al-Hasani
Succeeded by	Taj al-Din al-Hasani
Personal details
Born	1864 Damascus, Ottoman Syria
Died	1955 (aged 91) Cairo, Egypt
Religion	Sunni Islam

Haqqi al-Azm (Arabic: حقي العظم‎‎ / ALA-LC: Ḥaqī al-‘Aẓm) (born Damascus 1864, died 1955) was a Syrian politician. He was active in the Ottoman government, and later served as the first prime minister in republican Syria.^[1]

Origins and early career

Haqqi al-Azm was born to the prominent Damascene family of al-Azm. He was educated at the Lazarist missionary school in Damascus and later at the military academy in Istanbul. He began his career as a government clerk, and was soon promoted to the prestigious position of inspector-general of the Ministry of Awqaf. He was laid off when the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) seized control of the ministry in 1911. After his defeat in the 1912 parliamentary elections, he moved to Cairo, and helped found the opposition party, Ottoman Party for Administrative Decentralization.^[2] The CUP interpreted diplomatic correspondence between the party and French and British agents as a proof that the party was aiming to guarantee the cession of the Arabic-speaking provinces from the Ottoman Empire. In 1913, al-Azm and other figures in the party were sentenced to death in absentia and they lived as exiles in Cairo.^[3]

Later career

After World War I, al-Azm was a key opponent of Hijazi involvement in Syria. He opposed the Arab Revolt and called it the "Hijazi revolt".^[4] He allied himself with the French mandate authorities, and was appointed the first governor of the State of Damascus in 1921.^[5] He reportedly won friends inside the administration by handing out jobs. In 1921 he narrowly escaped an assassination attempt while on visit to Quneitra with the French High Commissioner Henri Gouraud.^[4] In 1932, following the election of Muhammad Ali al-Abid, he was invited to form a cabinet, but the nationalist leaders boycotted the parliament. His rule between 1932-1934 was met with large opposition from the National Bloc.^[6]

References

Bibliography

• Khoury, Philip S. (2003), Urban Notables and Arab Nationalism: The Politics of Damascus 1860-1920, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-53323-2 
• Tauber, Eliezer (1995), The formation of modern Syria and Iraq, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-7146-4557-5 
• Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E. (2007), Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: a historical encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1-57607-919-5 

Prime Ministers of Syria since 1920
Kingdom of Syria (1920)	al-Rikabi H. al-Atassi* al-Durubi al-Ulshi
French Mandate of Syria (1920–1946) post established 1932	H. al-Azm al-Hasani A. al-Ayyubi Mardam al-Haffar al-Bukhari post vacant, 1939–41 K. al-Azm al-Hakim H. al-Barazi al-Ulshi al-Jabiri al-Khoury al-Jabiri
Syrian Republic (1946–1958)	al-Jabiri K. al-Azm* Mardam K. al-Azm al-Za'im M. al-Barazi H. al-Atassi al-Kudsi K. al-Azm al-Kudsi K. al-Azm al-Hakim al-Khatib al-Dawalibi Selu Shishakli al-Asali al-Ghazzi al-Khoury al-Asali al-Ghazzi al-Asali
United Arab Republic (1958–1961)	Kahala Sarraj
Syrian Arab Republic (1961–present)	al-Kuzbari al-Nuss al-Dawalibi al-Azma K. al-Azm al-Bitar al-Hafiz al-Bitar al-Hafiz Zuaiyin al-Bitar Zuaiyin N. al-Atassi al-Assad Khleifawi M. al-Ayyubi Khleifawi al-Halabi al-Kasm Zuabi Mero al-Otari Safar Hijab Ghalawanji* al-Halqi Khamis
* acting