Hakodate Main Line

Hakodate Main Line
A local train running along the coast, near Asari Station in Otaru
Overview
Type	Regional rail
Locale	Hokkaido
Termini	Hakodate Asahikawa
Operation
Owner	JR Hokkaido
Technical
Line length	423.1 km (262.9 mi)
Track gauge	1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Electrification	20 kV AC (Hakodate to Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto, Otaru to Asahikawa)
Operating speed	130 km/h (80 mph)
Route map

The Hakodate Main Line (函館本線, Hakodate-honsen) is a railway line connecting the cities of Hakodate and Asahikawa via Sapporo in Hokkaido, Japan. It is one of the trunk lines operated by the Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido). The Sawara line, a 35 km loop line from Onuma to Mori opened in 1945, is included as part of the Hakodate Main Line.

The Sapporo—Minami-Otaru section was the first railway line opened in Hokkaido (including the Minami-Otaru - Temiya Line to the Otaru Port). The line was extended as the first to connect to Hakodate, though today all Sapporo—Hakodate direct passenger and freight services travel via the Chitose and Muroran lines until rejoining the Hakodate line at Oshamambe Station.

The Hokkaido Shinkansen route north of Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto approximately parallels the route of the Hakodate Main Line, with stations proposed to be built at Shin-Yakumo, Oshamambe, Kutchan, Shin-Otaru and Sapporo.

Train services

Rapid Hakodate Liner

Limited express Super Kamui

Rapid

Airport^[1]

  A  Otaru/Hoshimi/Teine/Sapporo - Shiroishi - New Chitose Airport

Niseko Liner

  B  Rankoshi/Kutchan - Sapporo

Hakodate Liner

Hakodate - Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto

Home Liner

Otaru/Teine - Sapporo

Semi-Rapid

Ishikari Liner^[2]

  C  Otaru - Ebetsu/Iwamizawa

  D  Otaru - Ebetsu/Iwamizawa

Limited express

Super Hokuto,^[1] Hokuto^[1]

Hakodate - Oshamambe - Higashi-Muroran - (Shiroishi) - Sapporo

Until the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen, these services usually operated on the 1966 built Nanae-Onuma section, bypassing (then) Oshima-Ono and Niyama. Now that Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto (formerly Oshima-Ono) is the major connection between the Hokkaido Shinkansen and zairaisen services on the Hakodate Main Line, these services have been re-routed accordingly.

Super Kamui^[1]

Sapporo - Asahikawa

Super Sōya,^[1] Sarobetsu^[1]

Sapporo - Asahikawa - Wakkanai

Okhotsk^[1]

Sapporo - Asahikawa - Abashiri

Former Overnight Express services

Until the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen, the following sleeping car services operated;

Hokutosei, Cassiopeia

Ueno - (Goryōkaku) - Hakodate - Oshamambe - Higashi-Muroran - (Shiroishi) - Sapporo

Twilight Express

Osaka - (Goryōkaku) - Oshamambe - Higashi-Muroran - (Shiroishi) - Sapporo

Hamanasu

Aomori - (Goryōkaku) - Hakodate - Oshamambe - Higashi-Muroran - (Shiroishi) - Sapporo

Station list

Hakodate to Otaru

H: Rapid Hakodate Liner

B: Rapid Niseko Liner

Trains stop at stations marked "+", skip at stations marked "-".

Station			Distance (km)	H	B	Transfers	Location
H75	Hakodate	函館	0.0	+		Hakodate City Tram: ■ Route 2 ■ Route 5 (Main Line and Ōmori Line, at Hakodate-Ekimae)	Hakodate
H74	Goryōkaku	五稜郭	3.4	+		South Hokkaido Railway
H73	Kikyō	桔梗	8.3	-
H72	Ōnakayama	大中山	10.4	-			Nanae, Kameda
H71	Nanae	七飯	13.8	-
H70	Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto	新函館北斗	17.9	+		Hokkaido Shinkansen	Hokuto
H69	Niyama	仁山	21.2				Nanae, Kameda
H68	Ōnuma	大沼	27.0			■ Hakodate Main Line Branch (Sawara Line)
H67	Ōnuma-Kōen	大沼公園	28.0
H66	Akaigawa	赤井川	31.7				Mori, Kayabe
H65	Komagatake	駒ヶ岳	36.5
H64	Higashiyama	東山	40.1
H63	Himekawa	姫川	44.2
H62	Mori	森	49.5			■ Hakodate Main Line Branch (Sawara Line)
H61	Katsuragawa	桂川	52.2
H60	Ishiya	石谷	56.1
H59	Hon-Ishikura	本石倉	60.0
H58	Ishikura	石倉	62.1
H57	Otoshibe	落部	66.1				Yakumo, Futami
H56	Nodaoi	野田生	71.4
H55	Yamakoshi	山越	76.6
H54	Yakumo	八雲	81.1
H53	Washinosu	鷲ノ巣	84.2
H52	Yamasaki	山崎	88.3
H51	Kuroiwa	黒岩	94.4
H50	Kita-Toyotsu	北豊津	98.2				Oshamambe, Yamakoshi
H49	Kunnui	国縫	102.8
H48	Nakanosawa	中ノ沢	107.7
H47	Oshamambe	長万部	112.3			■ Muroran Main Line
S32	Futamata	二股	120.9
S31	Warabitai	蕨岱	126.9
S30	Kuromatsunai	黒松内	132.3				Kuromatsunai, Suttsu
S29	Neppu	熱郛	140.4
S28	Mena	目名	155.8				Rankoshi, Isoya
S27	Rankoshi	蘭越	163.4		+
S26	Konbu	昆布	170.3		+
S25	Niseko	ニセコ	179.6		+		Niseko, Abuta
S24	Hirafu	比羅夫	186.6		+		Kutchan, Abuta
S23	Kutchan	倶知安	193.3		+
S22	Kozawa	小沢	203.6		+		Kyōwa, Iwanai
S21	Ginzan	銀山	213.4		+		Niki, Yoichi
S20	Shikaribetsu	然別	224.1		+
S19	Niki	仁木	228.2		+
S18	Yoichi	余市	232.6		+		Yoichi, Yoichi
S17	Ranshima	蘭島	237.9		+		Otaru
S16	Shioya	塩谷	244.8		+
S15	Otaru	小樽	252.5		+

Otaru to Asahikawa

A: Rapid Airport

B: Rapid Niseko Liner

C: Semi-Rapid Ishikari Liner

D: Semi-Rapid Ishikari Liner

Trains stop at stations marked "+", skip at stations marked "-".^[2]

Sawara branch line

Rolling stock

Local / Rapid / Semi-Rapid

Hakodate to Otaru

KiHa 40 series DMUs

KiHa 150 DMUs (Oshamambe to Otaru)

KiHa 201 series DMUs (Rankoshi to Ebetsu)

733-1000 series AC EMUs (Hakodate Liner only)

Otaru to Asahikawa

721 series / 731 series / 733 series / 735 series AC EMUs

KiHa 201 series DMUs (Rankoshi to Ebetsu)

Limited express / Home liner

Super Hokuto / Home liner

KiHa 281 series DMUs

KiHa 261-1000 series DMUs

Hokuto / Sarobetsu / Okhotsk

KiHa 183 series DMUs

Super Soya

KiHa 261-0 series DMUs

History

Construction of the line by the Japanese Government began with the 32 km Minami-Otaru - Sapporo section in 1880, with the 41 km Sapporo - Iwamizawa section opened in 1882 to provide a link from the significant coalmines near Iwamizawa to the Otaru Port.

The line was sold to the Hokkaido Coal Co in 1889, which extended the line 35 km from Iwamizawa to Sunagawa in 1891, and a further 61 km to Asahikawa in 1898.

The Japanese Government built the 224 km Hakodate - Shikaribetsu section, opened in 1902, with the remaining 28 km section to Otaru opening the following year.

In 1905 a 1.6 km line was built from Otaru - Minami-Otaru to connect the Hokkaido Coal Co owned line to the Hakodate line, and the Government nationalised the Hokkaido Coal Co in 1906.

Duplication

Doubling of the line between Minami-Otaru and Iwamizawa opened 1909-11, and was extended to Sunagawa 1924-26, to Takikawa in 1956 and to Asahikawa 1964-68. The Otaru - Minami-Otaru section was duplicated in 1965.

The line from Hakodate was duplicated for 8 km to Kikyo 1941-44, with the 9 km Ishikura - Nodaoi section double-tracked in 1945. The 5 km Kikyo - Nanae section was double-tracked in 1962, and the doubling effectively extended 13 km to Onuma in 1966 with the construction of a new alignment for northbound trains to avoid the 1 in 50 (2%) grades between Oshima-Ono and Onuma.

Doubling of the 41 km section between Nodaoi and Oshamambe (excluding two gaps totalling 8 km) was undertaken in sections between 1965 and 1984, with the 13 km Mori - Ishikura section doubled between 1974 and 1979. Although the Sawara Line provides an alternative route from Onuma - Mori, it is operated as a local line, with all express passenger and freight trains travelling via Onuma-Koen.

Electrification

The Otaru - Sapporo - Takikawa section was electrified in 1968, and extended to Asahikawa the following year with the opening of the 4,523m Kamuikotan tunnel and associated deviation.

The 3 km Hakodate - Goryokaku section was electrified in conjunction with the Seikan Tunnel project in 1988.

The 15 km Goryokaku - Oshima-Ono section was electrified in conjunction with the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen, with the latter station renamed Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto.

Former connecting lines

Hakodate-Otaru section

• Goryokaku station - the uncompleted Toi line junctioned here, proposed to service a naval base to protect the Tsugaru Strait. Construction commenced in 1937, and the 29 km line was well advanced when works were suspended in 1943 due to a shortage of materials. The Seikan Tunnel was originally proposed to utilised the roadbed of the Toi line (as well as that of the uncompleted Oma line on Honshu) until the route was altered in 1968 to that subsequently constructed.
• Two private railways near Hakodate were affected by the opening of the Sawara branch line between Onuma and Mori in 1945;

- The 17 km Onuma Koen - Shikabe line opened in 1929, and had the misfortune to be affected by a volcanic eruption just six months later, which closed it for two months. It closed in 1945 when the Shikabe station on the Sawara line opened, but as the new station was some distance from the township, locals agitated for re-establishment of services to the original station. This occurred in 1948 when the last 11 km of the line from Choshiguchi was reopened by the local government, but competition from bus services resulted in the line being permanently closed in 1952.

- A line was built from Mori 9.4 km south to Sunahara in 1928. The first 3.1 km of that line was rebuilt as part of the Sawara line, and the remaining 6.3 km closed when the parallel JR line opened.

• Nakanosawa station - The 48 km line to Setana opened in 1929/32, closing in 1987.
• Kuromatsunai station - The local government built the line to the port of Suttsu (17 km) in 1920. It introduced the first diesel locomotive used in Hokkaido in 1952, and was closed as a result of flood damage in 1968.
• Kutchan station - In 1919 a 13 km line opened to Kyogoku, where it connected to the private Japan Steel Works 7 km line to a mine at Wakikata. The JR line was extended 11 km to Kimobetsu in 1928, and a further 60 km to Date Monbetsu on the Muroran Main Line in 1940/41. The Wakikata branch closed in 1970 when the mine closed, and the JR line closed in 1986.
• Ozawa station - A 762mm (2'6") gauge horse-drawn tramway opened to the port at Iwanai in 1905. In 1912 it was replaced by a 1067mm (3'6") gauge line, which closed in 1985. Near Iwanai the first tramway in Hokkaido, and possibly Japan, opened in 1869 as a 2.8 km gravity line linking a coal mine to the port of Kayanuma. It used timber rails and a ~1050mm gauge, with brakemen riding the loaded wagons, and horses and cattle hauling the empty wagon back to the mine. In 1881 the line was rebuilt to 762mm gauge with iron rails, and steam locomotives were introduced in 1927. In 1931 the tramway was replaced by a 10 km cableway linking the mine to Iwanai port, which in 1946 was replaced by a 6.3 km 1067mm gauge line. A bridge on the new line collapsed during a typhoon in 1962, and the line was closed, with the coal mine closing two years later.
• Yoichi station - The local government operated a 2.8 km line to the waterfront from 1933-43.

Sapporo area

• Teine station - An 8 km 762mm gauge line to Ban'naguro operated 1922-40. A proposed 10 km extension to the Ishikari river was not built.
• Sapporo station - A horse drawn 762mm gauge 11 km line operated north west to Kawabata, opening 1911/17 and crossing the Sassho Line near Shinkotoni. Petrol locomotives were introduced in 1922. The line was replaced by buses in 1943.
• Shiraishi station - An electrified (1.5Kv DC) private 27 km line opened to Jozankei in 1918 for passenger service. In 1939 two branch lines totalling 8.3 km opened to link a silver/zinc/lead mine with a refinery. The ore traffic was lost to road transport in 1963, and the passenger service was replaced by buses in 1969.
• Nopporo station - The private 57 km Yubari line was operated by the Hokkaido Colliery & Steamship Co. The initial 34 km line from Kuriyama on the Muroran Main Line (including a bridge over that line) to Yubari opened in 1926, including a switch-back (or zig-zag) section at Nishikisawa. A 23 km extension opened from Kuriyama - Nopporo in 1930. At its peak in 1965 the line carried annual tonnage of 1.5M tonnes of coal and another 0.5M tonnes of general freight, as well as 2M passengers. The entire line closed in 1975 after the closure of the mine in 1972. A 4.7 km branch to the Tsunoda mine operated 1927-70.
• Ebetsu station - An 11 km 762mm gauge line operated to Tobetsu, on the Sassho Line, although at each terminus the 762mm gauge stations were on the opposite banks of the Ishikarigawa and Tobetsugawa rivers (respectively) to the JR stations.

Iwamizawa-Asahikawa section

Utashinai station, 1986

Bridge built on the uncompleted Shumarinai to Chikubetsu line

• Iwamizawa station - in 1882 the Hokkaido government opened an 11 km line to Mikasa, known as the Horonai line. In 1888 a 7 km extension to Ikushunbetsu and ~3 km branch line from Mikasa to the Horonai coal mine opened, and the line was sold to the Hokkaido Coal Co. in 1889. The line was nationalised in 1906, and closed in 1987. At Ikushunbetsu a forest railway comprising a 15 km 'main line' and a 3 km branch opened in 1938, and closed in 1955 to allow for the construction of the Katsurasawa dam.
• Bibai station;

- The 3 km branch to Minami-Bibai opened in 1931 to service a coal mine, closing in 1973. Passenger services operated 1944-71.

- The Mitsubishi Mining Co. (MMC) opened an 8 km line to Sumiyama mine in 1914, extending the line 3 km to Tokiwadai in 1924. The line closed when the mine closed in 1972. The MMC also operated a 2 km line from Chashinai station to a coal mine 1952-67.

• Naie station - The Mitsui Mining Co. operated a 5 km line to Higashi Naie 1949/51 to 1968.
• Sunagawa station;

- The Mitsui Mining Co. also opened the 7.3 km branch to Kamisunagawa in 1918. The line was nationalised in 1926, with passenger services introduced the same year. The line closed in 1994.

- A 15 km branch to Utashinai, opened by the Hokkaido Coal Co. in 1891, nationalised in 1906 and closed in 1988.

• Fukagawa station - The first section of the Shinmei line to Nayoro on the Soya Line opened in 1924, opening to Nayoro in 1941 and closing in 1995. A 51.2 km line was proposed from Shumarinai on that line to Chikubetsu on the Hoboro line north of Rumoi with construction commencing in 1959. A substantial steel truss bridge was constructed before work was abandoned in 1962.

Accidents

In August 2013, three cars of a 20-car freight train derailed on the line near Yakumo after striking a two-meter piece of wood that obstructed the tracks. Although there were no injuries, the line was temporarily closed, impacting rail service to and from Hakodate Station.^[3]

References

Mass transit in Hokkaido
JR Hokkaido lines	Hokkaido Shinkansen Chitose Esashi Furano Hakodate Hidaka Kaikyō Muroran Nemuro Rumoi Sasshō Sekihoku Sekishō Senmō Sōya Temiya
JR named trains	Hayabusa Hayate Cassiopeia Hakuchō Hamanasu Hokuto Ishikari Kitami Lilac Okhotsk Sarobetsu Super Hakuchō Super Hokuto Super Kamui Super Ōzora Super Sōya Super Tokachi Super White Arrow Suzuran Twilight Express White Arrow
Other railways	Hakodate Streetcar Sapporo Streetcar Taiheiyō Coal (freight only) South Hokkaido Railway Company
Sapporo Municipal Subway	Namboku Tōzai Tōhō
Terminals	Rail Hakodate Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto Sapporo Ōdōri Shin-Sapporo Asahikawa Airports Asahikawa New Chitose Hakodate Kushiro Memanbetsu Monbetsu Nakashibetsu Okadama Okushiri Rishiri Tokachi-Obihiro Wakkanai Ports Hakodate Otaru Tomakomai Kushiro
Public Ferries	Heart Land Ferry(ja) (Wakkanai <=> N. Islands) Silver Ferry (Tomakomai <=> Hachinohe) Tsugaru Kaikyo Ferry(ja) (Hakodate <=> Aomori) Seikan Ferry(ja) (Hakodate <=> Aomori) Shin Nihonkai Ferry MOL Ferry(ja) Taiheiyo Ferry(ja) Haboro-Enkai Ferry(ja) (Haboro <=> Yagishiri Island)
Miscellaneous	Shinkansen Cards Kitaca SAPICA Tunnels Seikan Tunnel
Japan transit: Tokyo Osaka Nagoya Fukuoka Hakone Fuji Izu Hokkaido Sendai Niigata Toyama Nagano Okayama Hiroshima Shikoku Metro systems Shinkansen trams (list) aerial lifts (list)