Greek government-in-exile

Members of the Greek government in exile, including George II, on a visit to Greek units of the RAF.

The Greek government-in-exile was the government in exile of Greece formed in the aftermath of the Battle of Greece, and the subsequent occupation of Greece by Nazi Germany and the Fascist Italy. Due to the occupation of Greece by hostile powers and Resistance opposition, the government-in-exile exerted minimal influence inside Greece.

The government-in-exile was based in Cairo, Egypt. Hence it is also referred to as the "Cairo Government" (Greek: Κυβέρνηση του Καΐρου).

It was headed by King George II, which evacuated from Athens in April 1941, after the German invasion of the country, first to the island of Crete and then to Cairo in Egypt. It remained there until the German occupying forces withdrew from the country on 17 October 1944.

Closely controlled by the British, it was the internationally recognized Greek government, although its authority inside the country itself was minimal. There, alongside the Axis-controlled collaborationist governments, a vigorous Resistance movement developed, spearheaded by the communist-controlled EAM/ELAS, which established a de facto separate administration, formalized in March 1944 after elections in both occupied and liberated territories, as the Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA).

History

On 25 April 1941, with the onset of the Battle of Greece, King George II and his government left the Greek mainland for Crete, which was attacked by Nazi forces on 20 May 1941. The Germans employed parachute forces in a massive airborne invasion and attacked the three main airfields of the island. After seven days of fighting and tough resistance, Allied commanders decided that the cause was hopeless and ordered a withdrawal from Sfakia.

During the night of May 24, George II and his government were evacuated from Crete to Cairo. The government remained in Egypt until the withdrawal of German forces from Greece on October 17, 1944.[1]

Government

Monarch

Portrait Name
(Born-Died)
Reign
Start End
King George II
(1890–1947)
3 November
1935
1 April
1947

Prime Ministers

Portrait Name
(Born-Died)
Term of office Party Cabinet
Start End
1 Emmanouil Tsouderos
(1882–1956)
29 April
1941
13 April
1944
Independent Tsouderos
2 Sofoklis Venizelos
(1894–1964)
13 April
1944
26 April
1944
Liberal Party Venizelos
3 Georgios Papandreou
(1888–1968)
26 April
1944
3 January
1945
Democratic Socialist Party Papandreou (National unity cabinet)

Armed forces

For further information, see: Greek Royal Forces in the Middle East.

References

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