Glycocyamine
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Other names
2-Guanidinoacetic acid | |
| Identifiers | |
352-97-6  | |
| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image Interactive image |
| 3DMet | B00139 |
| 1759179 | |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:16344  |
| ChEMBL | ChEMBL281593 |
| ChemSpider | 743 |
| DrugBank | DB02751 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.936 |
| EC Number | 206-529-5 |
| KEGG | C00581 |
| MeSH | glycocyamine |
| PubChem | 763 |
| UNII | GO52O1A04E |
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| Properties | |
| C3H7N3O2 | |
| Molar mass | 117.11 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | White crystals |
| Odor | Odourless |
| Melting point | 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) |
| log P | −1.11 |
| Acidity (pKa) | 3.414 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 10.583 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS pictograms |  |
| GHS signal word | WARNING |
| H315, H319, H335 | |
| P261, P305+351+338 | |
| EU classification (DSD) |
 Xi |
| R-phrases | R36/37/38 |
| S-phrases | S26, S36 |
| Related compounds | |
| Related alkanoic acids |
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| Related compounds |
Dimethylacetamide |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| verify (what is ?) | |
| Infobox references | |
Glycocyamine (or guanidinoacetate) is a metabolite of glycine in which the amino group has been converted into a guanidine.
Glycocyamine is a direct precursor of creatine and is used as a supplement. However the metabolism of creatine from glycocyamine in the liver causes a depletion of methyl groups. This causes homocysteine levels to rise, which has been shown to produce cardiovascular and skeletal problems.
Uses
A series of studies showed that a combination of betaine and glycocyamine improves the symptoms of patients with chronic illness, including heart disease, without toxicity. Betaine can provide a methyl group to glycocyamine, via methionine, for the formation of creatine. [1] In overall, such treatment led to less fatigue, greater strength and endurance, and an improved sense of well-being. The patients with cardiac decompensation (arteriosclerosis or rheumatic disease) [2] and congestive heart failure [3] had improved cardiac function. The patients gained weight (improved nitrogen balance) and saw lessened symptoms of arthritis and asthma and increased libido, and those people suffering from hypertension experienced transient reduced blood pressure. Also the studies shows the increase of glucose tolerance in both diabetic subjects and subjects without diabetes. [4]
References
- ↑ Borsook H, Borsook ME. The biochemical basis of betaine-glycocyamine therapy. Ann West Med Surg 1951;5:825–9.
- ↑ Borsook ME, Borsook H. Treatment of cardiac decompensation with betaine and glycocyamine. Ann West Med Surg 1951;5:830–55.
- ↑ Van Zandt V, Borsook H. New biochemical approach to the treatment of congestive heart failure. Ann West Med Surg 1951;5:856–62.
- ↑ Stuart AS Craig (September 2004). "Betaine in human nutrition". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 80 (3): 539–549. PMID 15321791. Retrieved 2010-02-10.