Girardia

Girardia
Living specimen of Girardia sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Turbellaria
Order: Tricladida
Suborder: Continenticola
Family: Dugesiidae
Genus: Girardia
Ball, 1974
Species

See text

Girardia is a genus of freshwater triclad belonging to the Dugesiidae family.

Until 1991 Girardia was considered a subgenus of Dugesia, then it was upgraded to the genus rank.[1] Many works are still using incorrectly the old genus for some Girardia species, mainly for Girardia dorotocephala and Girardia tigrina.[2][3][4][5]

Species[6]

  • Girardia anceps
  • Girardia anderlani
  • Girardia andina
  • Girardia antillana
  • Girardia arimana
  • Girardia arizonensis
  • Girardia aurita
  • Girardia arndti
  • Girardia avertiginis
  • Girardia azteca
  • Girardia barbarae
  • Girardia biapertura
  • Girardia bursalacertosa
  • Girardia cameliae
  • Girardia canai
  • Girardia capacivasa
  • Girardia chilla
  • Girardia cubana
  • Girardia dimorpha
  • Girardia dorotocephala
  • Girardia dubia
  • Girardia festae
  • Girardia glandulosa
  • Girardia graffi
  • Girardia guatemalensis
  • Girardia hoernesi
  • Girardia hypoglauca
  • Girardia informis
  • Girardia jugosa
  • Girardia longistriata
  • Girardia mckenziei
  • Girardia microbursalis
  • Girardia multidiverticulata
  • Girardia nonatoi
  • Girardia paramensis
  • Girardia polyorchis
  • Girardia rincona
  • Girardia sanchezi
  • Girardia schubarti
  • Girardia seclusa
  • Girardia sphincter
  • Girardia striata
  • Girardia tigrina
  • Girardia titicacana
  • Girardia typhlomexicana
  • Girardia ururiograndeana

Phylogeny

Girardia sp. specimen preserved in alcohol.

Phylogenetic tree including five dugesiid genera after Álvarez-Presas et al., 2008:[7]

Dugesiidae

Girardia

Neppia

Cura

Schmidtea

Dugesia






References

  1. ↑ De Vries, E. J.; Sluys, R. (1991). "Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola)". Journal of Zoology. 223 (1): 103–116. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1991.tb04752.x.
  2. ↑ Sheiman, I. M.; Kreshchenko, N. D.; Sedel'Nikov, Z. V.; Groznyi, A. V. (2004). "Morphogenesis in Planarians Dugesia tigrina". Russian Journal of Developmental Biology. 35 (4): 228. doi:10.1023/B:RUDO.0000036713.86633.c2.
  3. ↑ Lombardo, P.; Giustini, M.; Miccoli, F. P.; Cicolani, B. (2011). "Fine-scale differences in diel activity among nocturnal freshwater planarias (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida)". Journal of Circadian Rhythms. 9: 2. doi:10.1186/1740-3391-9-2. PMC 3094315Freely accessible. PMID 21477354.
  4. ↑ Hassall, C.; Hollinshead, J.; Hull, A. (2012). "Temporal dynamics of aquatic communities and implications for pond conservation". Biodiversity and Conservation. 21 (3): 829. doi:10.1007/s10531-011-0223-9.
  5. ↑ Prados, J.; Alvarez, B.; Howarth, J.; Stewart, K.; Gibson, C. L.; Hutchinson, C. V.; Young, A. M. J.; Davidson, C. (2012). "Cue competition effects in the planarian". Animal Cognition. 16 (2): 177–186. doi:10.1007/s10071-012-0561-3. PMID 22976576.
  6. ↑
    • Tyler S, Schilling S, Hooge M, and Bush LF (comp.) (2006-2012) Turbellarian taxonomic database. Version 1.7 Database
  7. ↑ Álvarez-Presas, M.; Baguñà, J.; Riutort, M. (2008). "Molecular phylogeny of land and freshwater planarians (Tricladida, Platyhelminthes): From freshwater to land and back". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 47 (2): 555–568. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.032. PMID 18359250.
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