Gerromorpha

Gerromorpha

Hygrotechuis conformis (Gerroidea: Gerridae) feeding on a drowned hymenopteran. Photo from entomart.be
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hemiptera
Suborder:	Heteroptera
Infraorder:	Gerromorpha Popov, 1971 ^[1]
Superfamilies
Gerroidea Hebroidea Hydrometroidea Mesovelioidea

The Gerromorpha comprise an infraorder of insects in the "true bug" order Hemiptera. These "typical" bugs (suborder Heteroptera) are commonly called semiaquatic bugs or shore-inhabiting bugs. The Ochteroidea of the true water strider (infraorder Nepomorpha, a far more advanced lineage^[2]) are also found in shore habitat, while the Gerromorpha are actually most often encountered running around on the water surface, being kept from sinking by surface tension and their water-repellent legs. Well-known members of the Gerromorpha are the namesake Gerridae (water striders).

Systematics

The eight family families usually recognized are arranged in four superfamilies. The two small or monotypic ones of these are basal lineages; the two larger ones form a more advanced clade. The phylogenetic sequence of superfamilies and families of the Gerromorpha is:^[3]

Mesovelioidea – water treaders
- Madeoveliidae (sometimes included in Mesoveliidae)
- Mesoveliidae
Hebroidea – velvet bugs
- Hebridae (Hyrcaninae might arguably be considered a good family as the superfamily is monotypic otherwise.)
Hydrometroidea
- Paraphrynoveliidae
- Hydrometridae – water measurers
- Macroveliidae
Gerroidea
- Hermatobatidae
- Gerridae – water striders
- Veliidae – riffle bugs

References

↑ G. Thirumalai. "Checklist of Gerromorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of India" (PDF). Zoological Survey of India.
↑ ToL (2005)
↑ ToL (1995)

Aleyrodoidea	Aleyrodidae (whiteflies)

Aphidoidea (aphids)	Aphididae

Coccoidea (scale insects)	Aclerdidae Asterolecaniidae (pit scales) Beesoniidae (beesoniids) Carayonemidae (carayonemids) Cerococcidae (ornate pit scales) Coccidae (soft scales) Conchaspididae Dactylopiidae (cochineals) Diaspididae (armored scales) Eriococcidae (felt scales) Halimococcidae (pupillarial palm scales) Kermesidae Kerriidae (lac scales) Lecanodiaspididae (false pit scales) Margarodidae (cottony cushion scales, giant coccids, ground pearls) Micrococcidae (Mediterranean scales) Monophlebidae (giant scales) Ortheziidae (ensign scales) Phenacoleachiidae (phenacoleachiids) Phoenicococcidae (palm scales) Pseudococcidae (mealybugs) Putoidae (giant mealybugs) Stictococcidae (stictococcids)

Phylloxeroidea	Adelgidae (woolly conifer aphids) Phylloxeridae (phylloxerans)

Psylloidea	Aphalaridae Calophyidae Carsidaridae Homotomidae Phacopteronidae Psyllidae (jumping plant lice) Triozidae

Suborder Heteroptera (with Coleorrhyncha)

Dipsocoromorpha	Ceratocombidae Dipsocoridae Hypsipterygidae Schizopteridae Stemmocryptidae

Enicocephalomorpha

Enicocephaloidea	Aenictopecheidae Enicocephalidae (unique-headed bugs, gnat bugs)

Gerromorpha
(semiaquatic bugs)

Gerroidea	Gerridae (water striders) Hermatobatidae Veliidae (riffle bugs)

Hebroidea	Hebridae (velvet water bugs)

Hydrometroidea	Hydrometridae (marsh treaders or water measurers) Macroveliidae Paraphrynoveliidae

Mesovelioidea (water treaders)	Madeoveliidae Mesoveliidae

Leptopodomorpha	Saldidae (shore bugs) Leptopodidae (spiny shore bugs) Omaniidae Aepophilidae

Nepomorpha
(true water bugs)

Corixoidea	Corixidae (water boatmen)

Nepoidea	Belostomatidae (giant water bugs) Nepidae (water scorpions, needle bugs)

Ochteroidea	Gelastocoridae (toad bugs) Ochteridae (velvety shore bugs)

Aphelocheiroidea	Aphelocheiridae Potamocoridae

Naucoroidea	Naucoridae (creeping water bugs)

Notonectoidea	Notonectidae (backswimmers)

Pleoidea	Helotrephidae Pleidae (pygmy backswimmers)

Peloridiomorpha (Coleorrhyncha)	Peloridiidae

Cimicomorpha

Cimicoidea

Anthocoridae (minute pirate bugs or flower bugs)
Cimicidae (bed bugs, bat bugs)
Curaliidae (Curalium cronini)
Joppeicidae
Lasiochilidae
Lyctocoridae
Medocostidae
Microphysidae
Miridae (plant bugs, leaf bugs, grass bugs)
Nabidae (damsel bugs)
Pachynomidae
Plokiophilidae
Polyctenidae (old world bat bugs)
Reduviidae (assassin bugs, wheel bugs, thread-legged bugs)
Thaumastocoridae (royal palm bugs)
Tingidae (lace bugs)
Velocipedidae

Pentatomomorpha

Aradoidea	Aradidae (flat bugs) Termitaphididae (termite bugs)

Pentatomoidea (shield bugs)	Urostylididae Acanthosomatidae (shield bugs) Tessaratomidae (giant shield bugs and relatives) Dinidoridae Cydnidae (burrowing bugs) Thaumastellidae Parastrachiidae Corimelaenidae (includes ebony bugs) Lestoniidae Phloeidae Scutelleridae (jewel bugs or metallic shield bugs) Plataspidae Pentatomidae (stink bugs) Canopidae Megarididae

Coreoidea	Alydidae (broad-headed bugs) Coreidae (squash bugs, leaf-footed bugs) Hyocephalidae Rhopalidae (scentless plant bugs) Stenocephalidae

Lygaeoidea	Artheneidae Berytidae (stilt bugs) Blissidae Colobathristidae Cryptorhamphidae Cymidae Geocoridae Henicocoridae Heterogastridae Idiostolidae Lygaeidae (milkweed bugs, true seed bugs) Malcidae Ninidae Oxycarenidae Pachygronthidae Rhyparochromidae (atypical seed bugs) Piesmatidae (ash-grey leaf bugs)

Pyrrhocoroidea	Pyrrhocoridae (red bugs, cotton stainers) Largidae (bordered plant bugs)

Note: Coleorrhyncha are a different clade from Heteroptera. Heteroptera with Coleorrhyncha were referred to as Prosorrhyncha.

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Gerromorpha

Systematics

References

Further reading