Gammaproteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria are a class of several medically, ecologically, and scientifically important groups of bacteria. An exceeding number of important pathogens belong to this class. Like all Proteobacteria, the Gammaproteobacteria are Gram-negative.

Significance

The Gammaproteobacteria comprise several medically and scientifically important groups of bacteria, such as the Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae. A number of important pathogens belong to this class, e.g. Salmonella spp. (enteritis and typhoid fever), Yersinia pestis (plague), Vibrio cholerae (cholera), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (lung infections in hospitalized or cystic fibrosis patients), and Escherichia coli (food poisoning). Important plant pathogens such as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (citrus canker) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (kiwifruit Psa outbreak) are also Gammaproteobacteria. Members of Chromatium are photosynthetic and oxidize hydrogen sulfide instead of water, producing sulfur as a waste product. Some Gammaproteobacteria are methane oxidizers, and many are symbiotic with geothermic ocean vent-dwelling animals.[1]

Phylogeny

Due to a single genus, Acidithiobacillus, the Gammaproteobacteria class is paraphyletic to Betaproteobacteria (reviewed in Proteobacteria#Taxonomy).

Phylogeny of Gammaproteobacteria

Acidithiobacillus

Betaproteobacteria

Xanthomonadales

Chromatiales

Methylococcus

Beggiatoa

Legionellales

Ruthia, Vesicomyosocius, Thiomicrospira, Dichelobacter, Francisella


Moraxellaceae, Alcalinovorax

Saccharophagus, Reinekea

Oceanospirillaceae

Marinobacter

Pseudomonadaceae

Pseudoalteromonadaceae, Alteromonas, Idiomarinaceae

Shewanellaceae

Psychromonadaceae

Aeromonas

Vibrionales

Pasteurellales

Enterobacteriales













Phylogeny of Gammaproteobacteria after[2] Not all orders are monophyletic, consequently families or genera are shown for Pseudomonadales, Oceanospirillales, and Alteromonadales. In the case of singleton orders, the genus is shown. (In bacterial taxonomy, orders have the suffix -ales, while families have -aceae.)

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/EUBACTERIA/PROTEOBACTERIAE/gammaproteobacteria-frame.htm
  2. ↑ Williams, K. P.; Gillespie, J. J.; Sobral, B. W. S.; Nordberg, E. K.; Snyder, E. E.; Shallom, J. M.; Dickerman, A. W. (2010). "Phylogeny of Gammaproteobacteria". Journal of Bacteriology. 192 (9): 2305–2314. doi:10.1128/JB.01480-09. PMC 2863478Freely accessible. PMID 20207755.

External links

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