Frodsham

This article is about the town in Cheshire. For people called Frodsham, see Frodsham (surname).
Frodsham

Frodsham from Overton/Frodsham Hill
Frodsham
 Frodsham shown within Cheshire
Population 9,077 (2011)
OS grid referenceSJ520775
Civil parishFrodsham
Unitary authorityCheshire West and Chester
Ceremonial countyCheshire
RegionNorth West
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town FRODSHAM
Postcode district WA6
Dialling code 01928
Police Cheshire
Fire Cheshire
Ambulance North West
EU Parliament North West England
UK ParliamentWeaver Vale
List of places
UK
England
Cheshire

Coordinates: 53°17′42″N 2°43′30″W / 53.295°N 2.725°W / 53.295; -2.725

Frodsham /ˈfrɒdʃəm/ is a market town, civil parish and electoral ward in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. Its population was 8,982 in 2001,[1] increasing to 9,077 at the 2011 Census.[2] It is approximately 3 miles (5 km) south of Runcorn, 16 miles (26 km) south of Liverpool, and 28 miles (45 km) southwest of Manchester. The River Weaver runs to its northeast and on the west it overlooks the estuary of the River Mersey. The A56 road and the Chester–Manchester railway line pass through the town, and the M56 motorway passes to the northwest.

In medieval times Frodsham was an important borough and port belonging to the Earls of Chester Its parish church, St. Laurence's, still exhibits evidence of a building present in the 12th century in its nave and is referenced in the Domesday Book.

A market is held each Thursday, and Frodsham's viability as a trading centre is emphasised by the presence of the "big five" clearing banks and several building societies. Development in the town's shops and premises with alcohol licences is evident through the recent (post-2002) opening or modernisation of contemporary-style bar/restaurants, take-away food shops and public houses, and in the continued presence of small, specialised, businesses operating from town-centre shops.

History

Etymology

The etymology of Frodsham's name is not entirely clear. A literal translation of the Old English would give personal name of Frod or an old spelling of Ford, and ham which means a village or homestead; hence Frod's village or the Village on the Ford (Ford-ham). However, an alternative, more obscure etymology exists which suggests the name means "promontory into marsh", which would make sense considering that Frodsham had a promontory castle very close to marshland. Frodsham is unique as the name of a settlement in the British Isles.[3][4] Earlier spellings of the name have included Fradsham, Frandsham, Frodisham, Ffradsam and Ffradsham.[5]

Early history

Frodsham Hill is the location of an Iron Age promontory fort, the outline of which can still be seen.[6]

The town is of Saxon origin; its 11th century church is mentioned in the Domesday Book. Frodsham was an important manor of the medieval Earls of Chester and was created a borough in the early 13th century, probably by Earl Ranulf III. The mouth of the River Weaver, where it joins the Mersey, made Frodsham into a significant port for the coasting trade, particularly for the export of Cheshire salt, brought down the river from Northwich and Nantwich. The site of the manor house was in Castle Park; the building was of stone and was fortified. In an account of 1315 it is called 'castellum' (little castle), although 'manerium' (manor house) was the usual designation.

Recent history

Frodsham was the headquarters of Runcorn Rural District Council. In 1974 the district was split between Halton Borough Council, Warrington Borough Council and Vale Royal District Council (latterly Vale Royal Borough Council). In the early 1990s Vale Royal Borough Council opened a new purpose-built headquarters in Winsford. At the same time, its offices in Hartford near Northwich (the former headquarters of Northwich Rural District Council) and at Castle Park in Frodsham (the former headquarters of Runcorn Rural District Council) were downgraded.

Castle Park House had a major refurbishment in 2005–06 and now operates as a "one-stop shop" for Cheshire West and Chester Council providing a number of services for the community and for businesses.

Frodsham Castle Park Arts Centre (photo: Neil Kennedy)

In 1992 the parish council became Frodsham Town Council and Frodsham was no longer a village. The chair of the parish council became the mayor of Frodsham. The majority of powers were held by Cheshire County Council and Vale Royal Borough Council who were replaced by Cheshire West and Chester Council on 1 April 2009.

Frodsham was home to Frodsham School, a science and technology college, which closed in July 2009 due to the falling birth rate and amalgamated with Helsby High School. The site was redeveloped and now houses the new health centre for the town.

Frodsham, like the neighbouring village Helsby, has a hill overlooking the Mersey estuary which is popular with dog walkers and naturalists. Frodsham Hill, overlooking Frodsham and the Liverpool skyline, is a large sandstone hill, home to many farms, prestige homes and the Mersey View nightclub (commonly known as 'the View') and Forest Hills Hotel. Before the construction of the hotel and nightclub, famously hosting one of the Beatles' first appearances, the site was home to a very large helter skelter.

The Frodsham Caves are found in the sandstone foundations of Frodsham Hill.

Geography

Map of civil parish of Frodsham within the former borough of Vale Royal

Frodsham sits beneath the imposing wooded escarpment of Beacon Hill, which is also known locally as Frodsham Hill or Overton Hill and whose top attains a height of just over 500 feet (152 m). The hill forms the northern end of the Mid-Cheshire Ridge, a range of sandstone hills that extends southwards to Delamere Forest and Tarporley.

The northern boundaries of the modern parish are defined by the River Weaver (canalised in part as the Weaver Navigation) and the inner Mersey Estuary into which it flows. The Manchester Ship Canal runs parallel to the Mersey along the northern edge of the low-lying ground of Frodsham Marsh and Lordship Marsh, which themselves extend south and east to the built-up area of Frodsham.

The town is close to the junction of the A56, the main link between Chester and Warrington, with the B5152 road, which runs southeast to connect with Kingsley, Northwich and Tarporley in the centre of the county. The Chester–Manchester railway line passes through the town and the M56 motorway runs parallel to the road and railway along the southeastern edge of the marsh. The formerly separate settlements of Netherton and Overton form the southern districts of the town while the easternmost section towards Frodsham Bridge is known as Newtown.[7]

Geology

The parish, like most in Cheshire, is underlain by a suite of sedimentary rocks dating from the Triassic Period. They comprise (in ascending order) the Lower Triassic age Kinnerton Sandstone, Chester Pebble Beds and Wilmslow Sandstone Formations together with the upper Triassic age Helsby Sandstone, Tarporley Siltstone and Sidmouth Mudstone Formations. Those formations up to and including the Helsby Sandstone Formation are assigned to the Sherwood Sandstone Group. It is this formation whose relatively hard-wearing sandstones form the higher ground of Beacon Hill, Woodhouse Hill and Harrol Edge. The younger siltstones and mudstones are assigned to the Mercia Mudstone Group.[8] The sequence of sandstones is exposed in a railway cutting and two road cuttings, which are designated as an earth sciences Site of Special Scientific Interest.[9][10]

Several faults run roughly northwest–southeast through the area, notably the Overton Fault, which roughly parallels the B5439 and B5152 roads, and the Frodsham Fault, which runs north from the vicinity of Crowmere to the mouth of the River Weaver. Both of these faults and others in the area downthrow to the east. Movement on them is thought to have taken place in the Tertiary period. The uplift resulted in trapping the water table at an elevation of around 200 feet (61 m) at which level springs developed.[11]

Overlying the bedrock is a variety of superficial deposits (otherwise known as drift). These comprise a thin and patchy cover of glacial till (or 'boulder clay'), largely a legacy of the last ice age, together with spreads of glacio-fluvial sand and gravel, a product of the eventual deglaciation of the area. Recent alluvium fills the deeply incised valley of the Weaver and also extends across the Marsh to the Mersey estuary.[8][12]

Climate

Being close to the west coast and the Irish Sea, the climate is generally temperate with few extremes of temperature or weather. The mean average temperature in the years 1971 to 2000 was 9.4 to 9.7 °C, slightly above the average for the United Kingdom[13] as was the average amount of annual sunshine at 1391 to 1470 hours.[14] The average annual rainfall was 741 to 870 mm, slightly below the average for the UK.[15] The average number of days in the year when snow is on the ground is 0 to 6, which is low for the United Kingdom.[16] The average number of days of air frost is 2 to 39, which is also low.[17]

Transport

There is a railway station in Frodsham which is managed by Arriva Trains Wales.[18] It runs an hourly service between Manchester Piccadilly and Llandudno via Frodsham and Chester. There are also infrequent services by Northern between Ellesmere Port and Liverpool Lime Street via Warrington Bank Quay.[19] Bus services are available to Chester, Runcorn, Ellesmere Port, Hatchmere (adjacent to Delamere Forest) and to Northwich.[20] Frodsham is 14 miles (23 km) from Liverpool John Lennon Airport and 22 miles (35 km) from Manchester Airport.

Education

There are four primary schools in Frodsham, namely Frodsham Manor House Primary School, St Luke's Catholic Primary School, Frodsham Church of England Primary School and Frodsham Weaver Vale Primary School.[21] The only secondary school in the town, Frodsham School, a science and technology college, has now closed[22] and has now been converted into a health clinic, library and leisure centre.

St Laurence, Frodsham

Religion

There is one Anglican church in Frodsham, St Laurence's in Church Road, Overton. Frodsham Methodist Church is on Kingsley Road, also just outside the centre of Frodsham in the Five Crosses area of the town. The town has, in the past, had a number of Methodist churches. Most recent to close were Trinity Wesleyan Chapel and Bourne Primitive Chapel. The Roman Catholic church is St. Luke's in High Street. There are two Evangelical chapels, Main Street Chapel and King's Church on Chester Road.[23]

Local government arrangements

Frodsham lies within the administrative area of Cheshire West and Chester Council. Two councillors are elected from the Frodsham ward to serve on that Council. The Frodsham ward has the same boundaries as the Town's own parish boundaries. The current Councillors are Cllr Andrew Dawson and Cllr Lynn Riley, both Conservatives, who were both elected to serve a four-year term of office in May 2011 and again in May 2015.

Frodsham Town Council is the local council or parish council for Frodsham. This council is made up of 16 councillors. The town councillors are elected from one of four parish wards called Waterside Ward, Lakes Ward, Overton & Five Crosses Ward and Castle Park Ward. Four Councillors are elected from each ward. These Town Councillors are elected to serve four-year terms of office, the most recent elections being on 7 May 2015. If any vacancy occurs during the four-year term 10 local parishioners from the relevant ward can require a by-election to be held, otherwise the other Town Councillors can co-opt an eligible person to be a Councillor. The last by-election occurred in September 2013 in West ward. The last co-option occurred in September 2011 in North ward.[24]

The then Frodsham parish council resolved to style itself a town in 1992. From 1992 to May 2012 the chairman of the council has served as the Town Mayor but using the courtesy title of 'Mayor of Frodsham'. However, strictly, the chairman is only entitled to be known as 'town mayor'.

In April 2012 the council resolved to split the roles of chairman and Mayor of Frodsham and separate votes are now held for each position. The council also resolved to create a convention offering the mayorship to the councillor who had served the longest since last being Mayor, or having been first elected regardless of any political or personal affiliations.

The present Chairman of the Council is Cllr Judith Critchley.[24] Cllr Mallie Poulton performs the ceremonial functions of the Mayor.[25]

Notable people

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Parish Headcounts : Vale Royal. Retrieved 15 December 2009.
  2. ↑ "Town and ward population 2011". Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  3. ↑ The exact quote in Latham page 14 reads: "Frodsham is unique in the British Isles in that the name does not occur anywhere else."
  4. ↑ Though a nearby township was referred to during the period of the ancient parishes of Cheshire as "Newton by Frodsham", its current name is now just "Newton". See Dunn, F. I. (1987), page 27, which states that, at the time, the Newton township near to Frodsham was referred to as "Newton by Frodsham". Furthermore, see Ordnance Survey (2004), which refers to the modern settlement which was Newton by Frodsham township just as "Newton" without any Frodsham component: SJ531751
  5. ↑ Latham 1987, p. 14.
  6. ↑ Monument no. 71527, Pastscape, retrieved 6 May 2009
  7. ↑ Ordnance Survey, Explorer map sheet 267
  8. 1 2 Phillips and Phillips 2002, pp. 4–5.
  9. ↑ Natural England: Frodsham Railway And Road Cuttings . Retrieved 16 April 2010.
  10. ↑ Natural England: Nature on the Map: Frodsham Railway & Road Cuttings SSSI . Retrieved 16 April 2010.
  11. ↑ Dodd 1987, p. 4.
  12. ↑ British Geological Survey 1:50K map sheet 97, 'Runcorn'
  13. ↑ Mean Temperature: Annual Average 1971–2000, Met Office, retrieved 22 May 2007
  14. ↑ Sunshine Duration: Annual Average 1971–2000, Met Office, retrieved 22 May 2007
  15. ↑ Rainfall Amount: Annual Average 1971–2000, Met Office, retrieved 22 May 2007
  16. ↑ Days of Snow Lying: Annual Average 1971–2000, Met Office, retrieved 22 May 2007
  17. ↑ Days of Air Frost: Annual Average 1971–2000, Met Office, retrieved 22 May 2007
  18. ↑ Station Facilities: Frodsham (FRD), National Rail Enquiries, retrieved 17 May 2007
  19. ↑ Timetable (PDF), Arriva Trains Wales, retrieved 17 May 2007
  20. ↑ Bus Service Timetables, Cheshire West and Chester, retrieved 7 July 2010
  21. ↑ Schools in the Vale Royal area, Vale Royal Borough Council, retrieved 17 May 2007
  22. ↑ Ellams, Barry (16 July 2009), "Frodsham High School to close on Friday", Chester Chronicle, Trinity Mirror North West & North Wales, retrieved 7 July 2010
  23. ↑ Churches in Frodsham, Frodsham Churches Together, retrieved 17 May 2007
  24. 1 2 http://www.frodsham.gov.uk
  25. ↑ frodsham.gov.uk
  26. ↑ Smith, Arthur R. (2006), William Charles Cotton MA: Priest, Missionary and Bee Master, Birkenhead: Countyvise, ISBN 1-901231-81-X
  27. ↑ Cottam, Rachel (2004) 'Weaver, Harriet Shaw (1876–1961), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Retrieved on 9 March 2007
  28. ↑ Why you should move to Frodsham, Archant Life Limited, retrieved 7 October 2008
  29. ↑ "Patrick Larley: Biography", Patrick Larley, www.patricklarley.com, retrieved 11 June 2008
  30. ↑ Garfield, Simon (30 March 2003), "High society", The Observer, London: Guardian News and Media Limited, retrieved 7 October 2008
  31. ↑ BBC Profile of Paul Marsden
  32. ↑ The Guardian Leader 23/10/01
  33. ↑ Barnett, Laura (16 August 2010), "Portrait of the artist: Alice Coote, mezzo-soprano", The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, retrieved 24 March 2015
  34. ↑ Daniel Craig (I) – Biography
  35. ↑ Gary Barlow: Official website, www.garybarlow.com, retrieved 2 October 2008 (One needs to choose the biography section after the animated introduction finishes.)
  36. ↑ Flint, Rachel (17 February 2011). "Frodsham born Emma Cunniffe will be performing in Ibsen's ground-breaking play A Doll's House". Chester Chronicle. Chester. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
  37. ↑ Herbert, Ian (19 May 2005), The Independent: Football's lord of the manor bans hunting on his nine acres, London: Independent News and Media Limited, retrieved 6 October 2008

Bibliography

  • Dodd, J. Phillip (1987), A History of Frodsham and Helsby, Frodsham: J. Phillip Dodd 
  • Dunn, F. I. (1987), The ancient parishes, townships and chapelries of Cheshire, Chester: Cheshire Record Office and Cheshire Diocesan Record Office, ISBN 0-906758-14-9 
  • Latham, F. A. (ed.) (1987), Frodsham, Frodsham: Local Historians, ISBN 0-901993-06-9 
  • Ordnance Survey. (2004). Northwich and Delamere Forest, Winsford and Middlewich. (1:25000 scale map). Southampton United Kingdom: Ordnance Survey. ISBN 0-319-23567-X.
  • Phillips, A.D.M.; Phillips, C.B. (2002), A New Historical Atlas of Cheshire, Chester: Cheshire County Council, ISBN 0-904532-46-1 
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