French military mission to Japan (1867–68)

The French military mission before its departure to Japan, in 1866. Charles Chanoine is standing in the center, Jules Brunet is second from right in the front row.
French officers drilling Shogun troops in Osaka in 1867.
Training of Japanese Bakufu troops by the French Military Mission to Japan. 1867 photograph.
The Shogunate's French-style cavalry.
Training of Japanese troops by the French.

The French Military Mission to Japan of 1867-68 was one of the first foreign military training missions to Japan. The mission was formed by Napoléon III, following a request of the Japanese Shogunate in the person of its emissary to Europe, Shibata Takenaka (1823–1877).

Shibata was already negotiating the final details of the French support for the construction of the Yokosuka Shipyard, and had additionally requested both the United Kingdom and France to send a military mission for training in Western warfare. The United Kingdom provided support to the Bakufu naval forces through the Tracey Mission. The French foreign minister Drouyn de Lhuys (1865–1881) transmitted the agreement of the French government to provide training to the Shogun's land based armed forces.

Mission

The mission consisted of 17 members, under the authority of the Minister of War General Jacques Louis Randon, covering a wide range of expertise: four officers (representing infantry, artillery and cavalry), ten non-commissioned officers and two soldiers. The mission would be headed by staff captain Charles Sulpice Jules Chanoine, at that time an attaché to the military staff of Paris. The members were:

Hosoya Yasutaro Captain Jules Brunet Commander in chief Matsudaira Taro Tajima Kintaro Captain André Cazeneuve Sargeant Jean Marlin Fukushima Tokinosuke Sergeant Arthur Fortant Use button to enlarge or cursor to investigate
The French military advisers and their Japanese allies in Hokkaido - use a cursor to investigate
Commander of the mission
Officers
Non-Commissioned Officers

History

The mission left Marseille on November 19, 1866, and arrived in Yokohama on January 14, 1867. They were welcomed on their arrival by Léon Roches and the commander of the French Far East Squadron Admiral Pierre-Gustave Roze.

The military mission was able to train an elite corps of Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the Denshutai, for a little more than one year, before the Tokugawa shogunate lost to the Imperial forces in 1868 in the Boshin War. The French military mission was then ordered to leave Japan by decree of the newly installed Meiji Emperor in October 1868.

In contravention of the agreement for all foreign powers to remain neutral in the conflict, Jules Brunet and four of his non-commissioned officers (Fortant, Marlin, Cazeneuve, Bouffier), chose to remain in Japan and continue supporting the Bakufu side. They resigned from the French army, and left for the north of Japan with the remains of the Shogunate's armies in the hope of staging a counter-attack.

The conflict continued until the rebels' defeat at the Battle of Hakodate in May 1869.

The Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu in French military uniform, c. 1867

See also

References



FOREIGN MILITARY MISSIONS TO JAPAN
FRANCE
France

UNITED KINGDOM
United Kingdom

GERMANY
German Empire

NETHERLANDS
Netherlands

ITALY
Italy

French military mission to Japan (1867–68)
French military mission to Japan (1872–80)
French military mission to Japan (1884–89)
French military mission to Japan (1918–19)
Tracey Mission
(1867–68)
Douglas Mission
(1873–75)
Sempill Mission
(1922–23)
Meckel Mission
(1885–90)
Pels Rijcken
(1855–57)
Kattendijke
(1857–59)
Schermbeck
(1883–86)
Pompeo Grillo
(1884–88)
Quaratezi
(1889–90)

External links

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