Frank (Amy Winehouse album)

Frank
Studio album by Amy Winehouse
Released 20 October 2003 (2003-10-20)
Recorded 2002–03
Studio
Genre
Length 58:48
Label Island
Producer
Amy Winehouse chronology
Frank
(2003)		 Back to Black
(2006)
Singles from Frank
  1. "Stronger Than Me"
    Released: 6 October 2003
  2. "Take the Box"
    Released: 12 January 2004
  3. "In My Bed"/"You Sent Me Flying"
    Released: 5 April 2004
  4. "Fuck Me Pumps"/"Help Yourself"
    Released: 23 August 2004

Frank is the debut studio album by English singer and songwriter Amy Winehouse, released on 20 October 2003 by Island Records. Production for the album took place during 2002 to 2003 and was handled by Winehouse, Salaam Remi, Gordon "Commissioner Gordon" Williams, Jimmy Hogarth and Matt Rowe. Its title alludes to the nature and tone of Winehouse's lyrics on the album,[3] as well as one of her influences, Frank Sinatra.[4]

Upon its release, Frank received generally positive reviews from most music critics and earned Winehouse several accolades, including an Ivor Novello Award. The album has sold over one million copies in the United Kingdom and has been certified triple platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).

Background

After playing around with her brother's guitar, Winehouse bought her own when she was 14 and began writing music a year later. Soon after, she began working for a living, including, at one time, as an entertainment journalist for the World Entertainment News Network, in addition to singing with local group the Bolsha Band.[5][6] In July 2000, she became the featured female vocalist with the National Youth Jazz Orchestra; her influences were to include Sarah Vaughan and Dinah Washington,[7] the latter whom she was already listening to at home.[1]

Winehouse's best friend, soul singer Tyler James, sent her demo tape to an A&R person.[1] Winehouse signed to Simon Fuller's 19 Management in 2002 and was paid £250 a week against future earnings.[8] While being developed by the management company, she was kept as a recording industry secret[9] although she was a regular jazz standards singer at the Cobden Club.[8] Her soon-to-be A&R representative at Island Records, Darcus Beese, heard of her by accident when the manager of The Lewinson Brothers showed him some productions of his clients, which featured Winehouse as key vocalist. When he asked who the singer was, the manager told him he was not allowed to say. Having decided that he wanted to sign her, it took several months of asking around for Beese to eventually discover who the singer was. However, Winehouse had already recorded a number of songs and signed a publishing deal with EMI by this time. Incidentally, she formed a working relationship with producer Salaam Remi through these record publishers.[9]

Beese introduced Winehouse to his boss, Nick Gatfield, and the Island head shared his enthusiasm in signing the young artist. Winehouse was signed to Island, as rival interest in Winehouse had started to build to include representatives of EMI and Virgin starting to make moves. Beese told HitQuarters that he felt the reason behind the excitement, over an artist who was an atypical pop star for the time, was due to a backlash against reality TV music shows, which included audiences starved for fresh, genuine young talent.[9]

In a 2004 interview with The Observer, Winehouse expressed dissatisfaction with the album, stating:

Some things on this album make me go to a little place that's fucking bitter. I've never heard the album from start to finish. I don't have it in my house. Well, the marketing was fucked, the promotion was terrible. Everything was a shambles. It's frustrating, because you work with so many idiots—but they're nice idiots. So you can't be like, "You're an idiot." They know that they're idiots.[10]

Release and promotion

In the liner notes for Winehouse's 2011 album Lioness: Hidden Treasures, producer Salaam Remi wrote about the track "Half Time", an outtake from the recording sessions for Frank, and revealed that Frank's title refers partly to Frank Sinatra, an early influence on Winehouse.[4] "Frank" was first released in the United Kingdom on 20 October 2003 through Island Records,[11] In 2004, the album was released to European countries, including Poland and Germany, as well as being released in Canada through Universal Music Group.[12][13][14] In 2007 the album was released once again to Australia in March and the United States in November, with the latter being released via Universal Republic Records.[15][16]

In 2008, the album was re-released as a deluxe edition, including an 18-track bonus disc of rare tracks, remixes, B-sides and live performances.[17][18] It was first released in Germany on 9 May 2008,[19] followed by its release in the United Kingdom on 12 May 2008 through Island Records.[18] Over May, June and July the album was released in Australia,[20] Canada,[21] United States[22] and Japan.[23]

Following the premiere of the documentary film about Winehouse, titled Amy, Frank was reissued on vinyl on 31 July 2015 by Republic Records.[24]

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic78/100[25]
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[26]
The A.V. ClubB+[27]
Robert Christgau[28]
Entertainment WeeklyA-[29]
The Guardian[30]
Now[31]
Pitchfork Media4.9/10[32]
PopMatters[33]
Rolling Stone[34]
USA Today[35]

Frank received generally positive reviews from contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 78, based on 11 reviews.[25] AllMusic's John Bush called Winehouse "an excellent vocalist possessing both power and subtlety".[26] Nate Chinen of The New York Times complimented her original lyrics and called the music a "glossy admixture of breezy funk, dub and jazz-inflected soul".[36] The A.V. Club's Nathan Rabin commended its loose, organic songcraft and wrote that it "features languid, wide-open neo-soul grooves and jazzy vamping".[27] Beccy Lindon of The Guardian described Winehouse's sound as "somewhere between Nina Simone and Erykah Badu ... at once innocent and sleazy".[30] Entertainment Weekly's Chris Willman found its musical style reminiscent of Sade.[29] MusicOMH's John Murphy said that her lyrics are "commendably feisty and, as the album title suggests, frank".[3] Dan Cairns of The Times called Frank "a staggeringly assured, sit-up-and-listen debut, both commercial and eclectic, accessible and uncompromising".[37] Robert Christgau, writing for MSN Music, was less enthusiastic and graded the album a "dud",[28] indicating "a bad record whose details rarely merit further thought."[38]

Winehouse was nominated for British Female Solo Artist and British Urban Act at the 2004 BRIT Awards,[39] while Frank was shortlisted for the Mercury Music Prize that same year.[40] The album earned Winehouse an Ivor Novello Award.[41] In retrospective reviews for both Pitchfork Media and Rolling Stone, critic Douglas Wolk was ambivalent towards Winehouse's themes and felt that they are relevant to her public image at the time,[32][34] writing in the former review, "in the light of her subsequent career, Frank comes off as the first chapter in the Romantic myth of the poet who feels too deeply and ends up killing herself for her audience's entertainment".[32] By contrast, PopMatters writer Mike Joseph felt that the album shows that Winehouse’s success is "based on pure talent rather than good producers or gimmicks".[33] The Washington Post's Bill Friskics-Warren noted most of its content as "sultry ballads and shambling neo-soul jams", while writing that it "more than confirms what the fuss over Winehouse – then just 19 and with a lot fewer tattoos – was originally all about... her attitude and command were already there. And then some".[42]

Commercial performance

Winehouse performing live in July 2004

Frank entered the UK Albums Chart at number 60 before climbing to number 13 in late January 2004.[43][44] Following Winehouse's death on 23 July 2011, the album re-entered the UK chart at number five,[45] before reaching a new peak position of number three the following week, with 19,811 copies sold.[46] The album was certified triple platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 19 December 2008,[47] and had sold over one million copies as of September 2014.[48]

Frank debuted at number 61 on the Billboard 200 in the United States, selling 22,000 copies in its opening week.[49] In the wake of Winehouse's death, the album sold 8,000 copies to re-enter the chart at number 57 on the issue dated 6 August 2011.[50] The following week, it rose to a new peak of number 33 with sales of 12,000 copies.[51] The album had sold 315,000 copies in the US by July 2011.[52]

Elsewhere, the album charted inside the top five in Austria and Poland, and the top 10 in France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands and Portugal.[53][54][55] In late 2011, Frank was certified double platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) for sales in excess of two million copies across Europe.[56]

Track listing

UK edition[11]
No. TitleWriter(s)Producer(s) Length
1. "Intro"/"Stronger Than Me"  
Commissioner Gordon/Salaam "The Chameleon" Remi 3:54
2. "You Sent Me Flying"/"Cherry"  
  • Winehouse
  • Felix Howard/Winehouse
  • Remi
Remi 6:50
3. "Know You Now"  
Commissioner Gordon 3:03
4. "Fuck Me Pumps"  
  • Winehouse
  • Remi
Remi 3:20
5. "I Heard Love Is Blind"  WinehouseRemi 2:10
6. "Moody's Mood for Love"/"Teo Licks"  
Remi/Commissioner Gordon 3:28
7. "(There Is) No Greater Love"  
Commissioner Gordon 2:08
8. "In My Bed"  
  • Winehouse
  • Remi
Remi 5:17
9. "Take the Box"  
  • Winehouse
  • Jony Rockstar[a]
 3:20
10. "October Song"  
  • Winehouse
  • Matt Rowe
  • Stefan Skarbek
Commissioner Gordon 3:24
11. "What Is It About Men"  
  • Winehouse
  • Howard
  • Paul Watson
  • L. Smith
  • Williams
  • E. Smith
  • Wilburn "Squiddley" Cole
  • Cooper
  • D. Jackson
Commissioner Gordon 3:29
12. "Help Yourself"  
Hogarth 5:01
13. "Amy Amy Amy"/"Outro"/"Brother" (hidden track)/"Mr Magic (Through the Smoke)" (hidden track)
  • Winehouse
  • Rowe
  • Skarbek/Winehouse
  • Remi/Winehouse
  • E. Smith
  • Teodross Avery
  • D. Jackson
  • Campbell
  • Williams/Winehouse
  • Ralph MacDonald
  • William Salter
Rowe/Remi 13:14
Notes

Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Frank.[63]

  • Amy Winehouse – vocals, guitar, production
  • 21st Century Jazz – accompaniment
  • John Adams – organ, Rhodes
  • Robert Aaron – flute, saxophone
  • Teodross Avery – saxophone
  • Ian Barter – guitar
  • Rudy Bird – percussion, shaker
  • Houston "House" Bowen – assistant engineering
  • Ben Bryant – assistant engineering
  • Errol Campbell – drums, percussion
  • Wilburn "Squiddley" Cole – drums
  • Commissioner Gordon – drums, effects, engineering, mixing, percussion, production, programming, turntables
  • Delroy "Chris" Cooper – bass
  • Tom Coyne – mastering
  • Cameron Craig – mixing
  • Tanya Darby – trumpet
  • Tom Elmhirst – mixing
  • Jeni Fujita – backing vocals
  • Nick Godwyn – management
  • Vincent Henry – alto flute, alto saxophone, baritone saxophone, flute, tenor saxophone
  • Jimmy Hogarth – bass, drums, guitar, mixing, percussion, production, programming
  • Felix Howard – backing vocals
  • Stafford Hunter – trombone
  • Timothy Hutton – horn
  • Donovan Jackson – keyboards, organ, Rhodes
  • Gregory Jackson – bass
  • Kate Lower – coordinator
  • Michael Nash Associates – cover design
  • Charles Moriarty – cover photography
  • Gary "Mon" Noble – engineering, mixing
  • Steve "Esp" Nowa – assistant engineering
  • Valerie Phillips – photography
  • John Piretti – assistant engineering
  • Bruce Purse – baritone horn, bass trumpet, flugelhorn, trumpet
  • Salaam Remi – arrangement, drum programming, drums, electric bass, electric upright bass, mixing, organ, percussion, production
  • Jony Rockstar – additional production
  • Matt Rowe – backing vocals, production, trumpet
  • Jeremy Shaw – guitar
  • Nick Shymansky – A&R
  • Stefan Skarbek – backing vocals, trumpet
  • Martin Slattery – Hammond organ, horn, Wurlitzer
  • Earl "Chinna" Smith – guitar
  • Luke Smith – bass, keyboards, piano
  • Lenny Underwood – keyboards, piano
  • Richard Wilkinson – additional drums
  • Brent Williams – mixing assistant
  • Troy Wilson – drums

Charts

Weekly charts

Chart (2003–11) Peak
position
Australian Albums Chart[64] 23
Austrian Albums Chart[65] 5
Belgian Albums Chart (Flanders)[53] 35
Canadian Albums Chart[66] 23
Croatian Albums Chart[67] 19
Czech Albums Chart[68] 12
Danish Albums Chart[69] 16
Dutch Albums Chart[70] 7
European Top 100 Albums[71] 13
French Albums Chart[72] 9
German Albums Chart[73] 9
Greek Albums Chart[74] 11
Hungarian Albums Chart[75] 30
Irish Albums Chart[55] 9
Italian Albums Chart[76] 7
Mexican Albums Chart[77] 20
New Zealand Albums Chart[78] 22
Polish Albums Chart[54] 5
Portuguese Albums Chart[79] 10
Scottish Albums Chart[80] 4
Spanish Albums Chart[81] 6
Swiss Albums Chart[82] 16
UK Albums Chart[83] 3
UK Jazz & Blues Albums Chart[84] 1
US Billboard 200[85] 33
US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums[86] 26

Year-end charts

Chart (2004) Position
UK Albums Chart[87] 102
Chart (2007) Position
UK Albums Chart[88] 37
Chart (2008) Position
Austrian Albums Chart[89] 27
French Albums Chart[90] 48
German Albums Chart[91] 37
Italian Albums Chart[92] 72
Spanish Albums Chart[93] 35
UK Albums Chart[94] 60
Chart (2011) Position
Austrian Albums Chart[95] 72
Italian Albums Chart[96] 87
Polish Albums Chart[97] 95
UK Albums Chart[98] 101

Certifications

Region Certification Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[99] Gold 35,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[100] Gold 15,000*
Belgium (BEA)[101] Gold 25,000*
Brazil (ABPD)[102] Gold 50,000*
Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[103] Gold 20,000^
Germany (BVMI)[104] Platinum 200,000^
Italy (FIMI)[105] Platinum 100,000*
Poland (ZPAV)[106] Gold 35,000*
Portugal (AFP)[107] Gold 20,000^
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[93] Gold 50,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[108] Platinum 40,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[47] 3× Platinum 1,000,000[48]
Summaries
Europe (IFPI)[56] 2× Platinum 2,000,000*

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone

Release history

Region Date Edition Label Ref.
United Kingdom 20 October 2003 Standard Island [11]
Poland 15 March 2004 Universal [12]
Canada 8 June 2004 [13]
Germany 20 September 2004 [14]
Australia 9 March 2007 [15]
United States 20 November 2007 Universal Republic [16]
Japan 5 December 2007 Universal [109]
Germany 9 May 2008 Deluxe [19]
United Kingdom 12 May 2008 Island [18]
Australia 17 May 2008 Universal [20]
Canada 27 May 2008 [21]
United States 3 June 2008 Universal Republic [22]
Japan 2 July 2008 Universal [23]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Mulholland, Garry (1 February 2004). "Charmed and dangerous". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  2. ↑ Pareles, Jon (23 July 2011). "For Winehouse, Life Was Messier Than Music". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  3. 1 2 Murphy, John. "Amy Winehouse – Frank". musicOMH. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
  4. 1 2 Remi, Salaam (2011). Lioness: Hidden Treasures (CD liner notes). Island Records. I had this amazing track, 'Half Time', that we had worked on during the Frank sessions. In fact she mentions Frank Sinatra in the song, and although it never made the album, was actually one of the reasons why she named her debut album Frank.
  5. ↑ Eliscu, Jenny (23 July 2011). "The Diva and Her Demons: Rolling Stone's 2007 Amy Winehouse Cover Story". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  6. ↑ Winehouse, Amy. "Amy Winehouse". Access All Areas. Archived from the original on 15 February 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  7. ↑ "Amy Winehouse and NYJO – photos and a tribute". LondonJazz News. 25 July 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  8. 1 2 Winehouse, Mitch & 2012 p.34.
  9. 1 2 3 Bouwman, Kimbel (23 February 2004). "Interview with DARCUS BEESE, A&R at Island for Amy Winehouse, Sugababes – Feb 23, 2004". HitQuarters. Retrieved 15 November 2010.
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  102. ↑ "Brazilian album certifications – Amy Winehouse – Frank" (in Portuguese). Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos.
  103. ↑ "Guld og platin i maj" (in Danish). IFPI Denmark. 19 June 2008. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
  104. ↑ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Amy Winehouse; 'Frank')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved 14 May 2009.
  105. ↑ "Certificazioni album fisici e digitali relative alla settimana 16 del 2015" (PDF) (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
  106. ↑ "Polish album certifications – Amy Winehouse – Frank" (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. 3 September 2008. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  107. ↑ "Galardões 2008" [Awards 2008] (in Portuguese). Associação Fonográfica Portuguesa. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
  108. ↑ "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards (Amy Winehouse; 'Frank')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien. Retrieved 14 May 2009.
  109. ↑ フランク [Frank] (in Japanese). Universal Music Japan. Retrieved 13 January 2014.

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