Finnish parliamentary election, 2007

Finnish parliamentary election, 2007
Finland
18 March 2007

All 200 seats to the Parliament
101 seats were needed for a majority
Turnout 65.0%
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Matti Vanhanen Jyrki Katainen Eero Heinäluoma
Party Centre National Coalition Social Democratic
Leader since 2003 2004 2005
Last election 55 seats, 24,7% 40 seats, 18,6% 53 seats, 24,5%
Seats won 51 50 45
Seat change Decrease4 Increase10 Decrease8
Popular vote 640 428 616 841 594 194
Percentage 23,11% 22,26% 21,44%
Swing Decrease1,58% Increase3,71% Decrease3,03%

  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Martti Korhonen Tarja Cronberg Päivi Räsänen
Party Left Alliance Green League Christian Democrat
Leader since 2006 2005 2004
Last election 19 seats, 9,93% 14 seats, 8,01% 7 seats, 5,34%
Seats won 17 15 7
Seat change Decrease2 Increase1 Steady0
Popular vote 244 296 234 429 134 790
Percentage 8,82% 8,46% 4,86%
Swing Decrease1,11% Increase0,45% Decrease0,47%

  Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party
 
Leader Stefan Wallin Timo Soini Yrjö Hakanen
Party Swedish People's Finns Communist Party of Finland
Leader since 2006 1997 1990
Last election 8 seats, 4,61% 3 seats, 1,57% 0 seats, 0.76%
Seats won 9 5 0
Seat change Increase1 Increase2 Steady0
Popular vote 126 520 112 256 18 277
Percentage 4,57% 4,05% 0,66%
Swing Decrease0,05% Increase2,48% Decrease0.10%

Prime Minister before election

Matti Vanhanen
Centre

Prime Minister

Matti Vanhanen
Centre

This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Finland

Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 18 March 2007.[1] Early voting was possible from the 7–13 March. The 200 members of the Eduskunta were elected from 15 constituencies.

Election themes included a reduction of income tax and VAT on food. A proposal for a guaranteed minimum income was introduced by some parties.[2] The election debates were characterised by the high economic growth in Finland in recent years, which was thought to mean the government would have extra money to use on welfare services and transfer payments. Largest advertising budgets were spent by the Coalition Party (2,46 M€) and the Center Party (2,48 M€) with SDP far behind (1,37 M€).[3]

Altogether, 2,004 candidates were nominated, 799 of whom were women. About three-quarters of the candidates were nominated by parties currently represented in Parliament. The number of female MPs rose as 84 women were elected (formerly 75), now comprising a record 42% of the 200 MPs.

According to the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat, the number of advance voters rose in comparison with the previous election in 2003. After the Tuesday before the Sunday election, when advance voting ended, the voter turnout had already reached 29.2%, which was more than at the same point in the 2003 elections. However, total voter turnout, at 67.8%, fell short of the 2003 figure, 69.7%, reaching a new low since the 1939 elections.

Many prominent MPs decided not to stand in the election. Former Prime Minister (19952003) and Speaker of the outgoing Parliament, Paavo Lipponen left his seat, as did the fifth-longest serving minister of all time, Jan-Erik Enestam, and former Left Alliance party leader Suvi-Anne Siimes, who had harshly criticized her party after her resignation as chairman in 2006. Some former MPs made a comeback, former Finance Minister and presidential candidate Sauli Niinistö and the first European Green minister, Pekka Haavisto, former minister and National Coalition chairman Pertti Salolainen, former foreign minister Paavo Väyrynen and rock musician Pertti "Veltto" Virtanen being the most famous examples. Niinistö also set a record for the highest number of personal votes, 60,498, which is almost twice as high as the previous record, and with the application of the d'Hondt method used in Finland, as many as four other National Coalition candidates were elected to Parliament on the strength of these votes.

The date of the election was near to the 100th anniversary of the first Finnish parliamentary elections, which were held on 15–16 March 1907, and were the first elections held under universal suffrage in Europe.

Electoral system

Some constituencies elect only six or seven MPs, resulting in a high election threshold for a given party,[4] favouring large parties and reducing the proportionality of the result. Because of this, the party leader of the Greens, Tarja Cronberg, lost her seat in the district of Northern Karelia, the party's only one, despite their getting 11.7% of the vote there. Her case, made seemingly even more unfair by her impressive personal total of 7,802 votes, greater than that of most of those elected, has been held up in the media as a symbol of the flaws in the present system. The constituencies of 2007 were mostly based on the old provinces; the largest difference was counting Helsinki as a separate district. The case has sparked a multi-party initiative that could result in a reform, to become effective in the 2015 parliamentary elections at the earliest.

Results

The elections were a major victory for the opposition National Coalition Party under Jyrki Katainen. It gained ten seats and became the second-largest party in Finland. The main government partners, the Centre Party and the Social Democrats, both lost ground. With the Left Alliance also losing seats, the labour parties received the worst result in the 100-year history of Finnish democracy; for the Social Democrats, the result was the worst since 1962, while the Left Alliance has lost seats in both elections held since 1999. The Centre Party, despite the loss, maintained its position as the biggest party in Parliament, with one seat more than the National Coalition. It was also the only time, except for the parliamentary election of 1930, that the Centre Party and the National Coalition Party together have an absolute majority in Parliament. The outcome led to the formation of a new center-right government and the left-leaning Social Democrats were left out in opposition for the first time since 1995.[5]

Winners also include the True Finns, who gained two seats. Party leader Timo Soini in particular took in a massive personal total of almost 20,000 votes, the third greatest in the country. The Green League gained one seat with its best ever showing in parliamentary elections, but party leader Tarja Cronberg lost her seat in the small district of Northern Karelia. The Swedish People's Party gained one seat as well, although losing votes compared to the 2003 elections.

Incumbent Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen, as party leader of the Centre Party, formed a new government with Centre Party, National Coalition, the Greens and Swedish People's Party. These parties have 125 seats out of 200 in the parliament. The government coalition is centre-right and calls itself "blue-green government" after the blue colour of National Coalition and the green colours of Centre and the Greens.

The election was a major defeat (8 seats lost, 15% fewer won than in 2003) for the Social Democrats, and sparked an internal investigation. The party conducted a campaign that had a simplistic anti-Conservative message. Meanwhile, the trade union SAK, strongly associated with SDP, conducted a similar anti-Conservative campaign. The association between the two organizations was abundantly clear, as the SDP's chairman Eero Heinäluoma was a former SAK director. The campaigns failed spectacularly, and according to the internal investigation, the attempt to challenge the Conservatives was a failure. One TV commercial, which showed a capitalist devouring a meal and laughing how "workers do not vote", drew widely publicized criticism even before its launch, when the TV commercial was shown in news (and on YouTube).[6][7] The SDP's internal investigation also pointed out that the party's campaign promises had poor credibility, since the SDP had been in the government for years but (at least perceivably) had not delivered on them. For example, the SDP chairman Eero Heinäluoma had prevented a rise in the student benefit.

As many as eight very small parties were removed from the registry of political parties as a result of their repeated failure to gain seats in the 2003 and 2007 elections: Suomen työväenpuolue (Workers Party), Itsenäisyyspuolue ("Independence Party"), Liberaalit, Muutosvoimat Suomi ("Forces of Change Finland"), Köyhien Asialla ("For the Poor"), Yhteisvastuu puolue ("Common Responsibility Party"), Suomen Isänmaallinen Kansallis-Liitto (named after IKL, or Isänmaallinen kansanliike, an organization banned in 1944) and Suomen Kansan Sinivalkoiset (Finnish People's Blue-Whites). Currently, there are three parties in the registry that failed to gain seats in the 2007 elections: Communist Party of Finland, Suomen Senioripuolue (a pensioners' party) and For Peace and Socialism - Communist Workers Party. The removal is not punitive, however, as these parties are allowed register themselves again.

After the Finnish Parliamentary elections on 18 March 2007, the seats were divided among eight parties as follows:[8][9]

Party Votes % Seats +/–
Centre Party640,42823.151–4
National Coalition Party616,84122.350+10
Social Democratic Party594,19421.445–8
Left Alliance244,2968.817–2
Green League234,4298.515+1
Christian Democrats134,7904.970
Swedish People's Party126,5204.69+1
Finns Party112,2564.15+2
Communist Party of Finland18,2770.700
Pensioners for People16,7150.600
Åland Coalition12,5880.510
Independence Party5,5410.20New
Finnish People's Blue-Whites3,9130.100
Liberals3,1710.100
For the Poor2,5210.100
Communist Workers' Party – For Peace and Socialism2,0070.100
Workers Party1,7640.10New
National Popular Movement8210.000
Joint Responsibility Party1640.000
Invalid/blank votes19,516
Total2,790,7521002000
Registered voters/turnout4,292,43665.0
Source: Tilastokeskus[10]
Popular vote
KESK
 
23.11%
KOK
 
22.26%
SDP
 
21.44%
VAS
 
8.82%
VIHR
 
8.46%
SKL
 
4.86%
RKP
 
4.57%
PS
 
4.05%
Others
 
2.44%
Parliament seats
KESK
 
25.50%
KOK
 
25.00%
SDP
 
22.50%
VAS
 
8.50%
VIHR
 
7.50%
RKP
 
4.50%
SKL
 
3.50%
PS
 
2.50%
Others
 
0.50%

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/29/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.