Daily Express

Daily Express

Front page, 19 November 2011
Type Daily newspaper
Format Tabloid
Owner(s) Richard Desmond
Publisher Northern and Shell Media
Editor Hugh Whittow
Founded 24 April 1900
Political alignment Hard Euroscepticism
Right-wing populism
UKIP
Headquarters 10 Lower Thames Street,
London, England EC3R 6EN
Circulation 432,076 (May 2015)[1]
OCLC number 173337077
Website express.co.uk

The Daily Express is a daily national tabloid newspaper in the United Kingdom. It is the flagship title of Express Newspapers, a subsidiary of Northern & Shell (which is wholly owned by Richard Desmond). It was launched in broadsheet format in 1900. In May 2015, it had an average daily circulation of 432,076.[1]

The Daily Express has become a supporter of the UK Independence Party (UKIP),[2][3][4] acting as a financial backer, and closely follows the party line.

Express Newspapers also publishes the Sunday Express (launched in 1918), Daily Star and Daily Star Sunday.

History

Exterior of Owen Williams' Daily Express Building in Manchester.
Exterior of Daily Express Building in London, designed by Ellis and Clark.

The Daily Express was founded in 1900 by Sir Arthur Pearson, with the first issue appearing on 24 April 1900.[5] Pearson, who had lost his sight to glaucoma in 1913,[6] sold the title to the future Lord Beaverbrook in 1916.[7] It was one of the first papers to place news instead of advertisements on its front page[7] along with carrying gossip, sports, and women's features. It was also the first newspaper in Britain to have a crossword puzzle.

The Express began printing copies in Manchester in 1927 and in 1931, the publication moved to 120 Fleet Street, a specially commissioned art deco building. Under Beaverbrook, the newspaper achieved a phenomenally high circulation, setting records for newspaper sales several times throughout the 1930s.[8] Its success was partly due to its aggressive marketing campaign and a vigorous circulation war with other populist newspapers.[9] Beaverbrook also discovered and encouraged a gifted editor named Arthur Christiansen who, at an early age, showed talent for writing and production. Christiansen became editor in October 1933. Under his editorial direction sales climbed from two million in 1936 to four million in 1949. He retired in 1957.[10] The paper also featured Alfred Bestall's Rupert Bear cartoon[11] and satirical cartoons by Carl Giles which it began publishing in the 1940s.[12] On 24 March 1933, a front page headline titled "Judea Declares War on Germany" (because of the Anti-Nazi boycott of 1933) was published by the Daily Express.[13] During the late thirties, the paper was a strong advocate of the appeasement policies of the Chamberlain government, due to the direct influence of its owner Lord Beaverbrook.[14] The ruralist author Henry Williamson wrote for the paper on many occasions for half a century, practically the whole of his career.[15] He also wrote for the Sunday Express at the beginning of his career.[16]

In 1938, the publication moved to the Daily Express Building, Manchester (sometimes knicknamed the 'Black Lubyianka') designed by Owen Williams on the same site in Great Ancoats Street.[17] It opened a similar building in Glasgow in 1936 in Albion Street. Glasgow printing ended in 1974[18] and Manchester in 1989 on the company's own presses.[19] Johnston Press has a five-year deal, begun in March 2015, to print the northern editions of the Daily Express, Daily Star, Sunday Express and the Daily Star Sunday at its Dinnington site in Sheffield.[20] The Scottish edition is printed by facsimile in Glasgow by contract printers, the London editions at Westferry Printers.[21]

In March 1962, Beaverbrook was attacked in the House of Commons for running "a sustained vendetta" against the British Royal Family in the Express titles.[22] In the same month, the Duke of Edinburgh described the Express as "a bloody awful newspaper. It is full of lies, scandal and imagination. It is a vicious paper."[23] At the height of Beaverbrook's time in control in 1948, he told a Royal Commission on the press that he ran his papers "purely for the purpose of making propaganda".[24][25] The arrival of television, and the public's changing interests, took their toll on circulation, and following Beaverbrook's death in 1964, the paper's circulation declined for several years. During this period, the Express, practically alone among mainstream newspapers, was vehemently opposed to entry into what became the European Economic Community.[8] It also became critical of commercial television, not out of socialist opposition to commercialism but rather out of Beaverbrook's resentment that he had not been allowed an ITV franchise.

"[I run the paper] purely for the purpose of making propaganda and with no other motive".

Lord Beaverbrook, former owner (1948).[24]

Partially as a result of the rejuvenation of the Daily Mail under the editorship of David English and the emergence of The Sun under the ownership of Rupert Murdoch and editorship of Larry Lamb, average daily sales of the Express dropped below four million in 1967, below three million in 1975, and below two million in 1984.[26] The Daily Express switched from broadsheet to tabloid in 1977[27] (the Mail having done so six years earlier), and was bought by the construction company Trafalgar House in the same year.[28] Its publishing company, Beaverbrook Newspapers, was renamed Express Newspapers.[29] In 1982, Trafalgar House spun off its publishing interests into a new company, Fleet Holdings, under the leadership of Lord Matthews, but this succumbed to a hostile takeover by United Newspapers in 1985.[30] Under United's ownership, the Express titles moved from Fleet Street to Blackfriars Road in 1989.[31] As part of a marketing campaign designed to increase circulation, the paper was renamed The Express in 1996 (with the Sunday Express becoming The Express on Sunday). United was chaired by Lord Stevens of Ludgate from 1985 to 2000, during which the Express moved from loss to profit, despite rapidly falling sales.

Express Newspapers was sold to publisher Richard Desmond in 2000, and the names of the newspapers reverted to Daily Express and Sunday Express. In 2004, the newspaper moved to its present location on Lower Thames Street in the City of London.[8]

On 31 October 2005, UK Media Group Entertainment Rights secured majority interest from the Daily Express for Rupert Bear. They paid £6 million for a 66.6% control of the character. The Express Newspaper retains minority interest of one-third plus the right to publish Rupert Bear stories in certain Express publications.[32]

Richard Desmond era

In 2000, Express Newspapers was bought by Richard Desmond (left)

In 2000, Express Newspapers was bought by Richard Desmond, publisher of titles such as the celebrity magazine OK!, for £125 million. At the time of the acquisition, controversy surrounded the deal since Desmond also owned a number of softcore pornography magazines.[33]

As a result of Desmond's purchase of the paper, many staff including the then editor, Rosie Boycott, and columnist Peter Hitchens departed the company,[34] with Hitchens moving on to The Mail on Sunday, saying that working for the new owner was a moral conflict of interest since he had always attacked the pornographic magazines Desmond published at the time.[35] Despite their divergent politics, Boycott respected Hitchens.[36] Stars of old Fleet Street, like the showbiz interviewer and feature writer Paul Callan, were brought in to restore some of the journalistic weight enjoyed by the paper in its peak years.

In 2007, Express Newspapers left the National Publishers Association due to unpaid fees.[37] Since payments made to the NPA fund the Press Complaints Commission, it is possible that the Express and its sister papers could cease being regulated by the PCC. The chairman of the Press Standards Board of Finance, which manages PCC funds, described Express Newspapers as a "rogue publisher".[38]

The Express group lost an unusually large number of high-profile libel cases in 2008–2009; it was forced to pay damages to people involved in the Madeleine McCann case (see below), a member of the Muslim Council of Great Britain, footballer Marco Materazzi, and sports agent Willie McKay. The string of losses led the media commentator Roy Greenslade to conclude that Express Newspapers (which also publishes the Star titles) paid out more in libel damages over that period than any other newspaper group. Although most of the individual amounts paid were not disclosed, the total damages were recorded at £1,570,000.[39] Greenslade characterised Desmond as a "rogue proprietor".[39]

In late 2008, Express Newspapers began a redundancy plan, which involved cutting 80 jobs in an effort to reduce costs by £2.5 million; however, too few staff were willing to take voluntary redundancy.[40] [41] In early 2008, a previous cost-cutting exercise by the group triggered the first 24-hour national press strike in the UK for 18 years.[42] In late August 2009, plans for a further 70 redundancies were announced, affecting journalists across Express Newspapers (including the Daily and Sunday Express, the Daily Star, and the Daily Star Sunday).[43]

In August 2009, the Advertising Standards Authority criticised the company for running advertorials as features alongside adverts for the same products. The ASA noted that the pieces were 'always and uniquely favourable to the product featured in the accompanying ads and contained claims that have been or would be likely to be prohibited in advertisements'[44][45][46][47]

In January 2010, the Daily Express was censured by the Advertising Standards Authority over a front-page promotion for "free" fireworks. This led to comment that the Express has become "the Ryanair of Fleet Street", in that it is a "frequent offender" which pays little heed to the ASA's criticisms.[48]

In May 2010, Desmond announced a commitment of £100 million over the next five years to buy much-needed new equipment for the printing plants, beginning with the immediate purchase of four new presses, amid industry rumours that he was going to establish a new printing plant in the north of London, at Luton.

On 31 December 2010, the Daily Express, along with all the media titles in Desmond's Northern & Shell group, were officially excluded from the Press Complaints Commission after withholding payment.[49] Lord Guy Black, chairman of PressBof, the PCC's parent organisation, called this "a deeply regrettable decision".[50]

According to Press Gazette, as of May 2015, circulation figures showed gross sales of its long-standing rival the Daily Mail are at 1,657,867 compared with 432,076 for the Daily Express.[1]

Along with several other newspapers, the full run of the Daily Express has been digitised and is available at UK Press Online.[51]

Sunday Express

Front page of Sunday Express, 7 May 2011
For the former Montreal weekly newspaper, see Sunday Express (Montreal).

The Sunday Express was launched in 1918.[52] It is edited by Martin Townsend. Its circulation in May 2015 was 382,343.[1]

Controversies

John Bodkin Adams

Suspected serial killer Dr John Bodkin Adams was arrested in 1956 suspected of murdering up to 400 of his wealthy patients in Eastbourne, England.[53] The press, egged on by police leaks, unanimously declared Adams guilty, except for Percy Hoskins, chief crime reporter for the Express.[54] Hoskins was adamant that Adams was merely a naive doctor prosecuted by an overzealous detective, Herbert Hannam, whom Hoskins disliked from previous cases.[54] The Express, under Hoskins's direction, was therefore the only major paper to defend Adams, causing Lord Beaverbrook to question Hoskins's stance on the matter frequently.[54] Adams was tried for the murder of Edith Alice Morrell in 1957 and found not guilty (a second count was withdrawn controversially). After the case, a jubilant Beaverbrook phoned Hoskins and said: "Two people were acquitted today", meaning Hoskins as well.[54] The Express then carried an exclusive interview with Adams, who was interviewed by Hoskins for two weeks after the trial in a safe house away from other newspapers. According to archives released in 2003, Adams was thought by police to have killed 163 patients.[53]

Dunblane

On 8 March 2009, the Scottish edition of the Sunday Express published a front page article critical of survivors of the 1996 Dunblane massacre, entitled "Anniversary Shame of Dunblane Survivors". The article criticised the 18-year-old survivors for posting "shocking blogs and photographs of themselves on the internet", revealing that they drank alcohol, made rude gestures and talked about their sex lives.[55] The article provoked several complaints, leading to the printing of a front-page apology a fortnight later,[56] and a subsequent adjudication by the Press Complaints Commission described the article as a "serious error of judgement" and stated, "Although the editor had taken steps to resolve the complaint, and rightly published an apology, the breach of the Code was so serious that no apology could remedy it".

Diana, Princess of Wales

The Daily Express has a reputation for consistently printing conspiracy theories about the death of Diana, Princess of Wales as front page news, earning it the nickname the Daily Ex-Princess; this has been satirised in Private Eye, the newspaper being labelled the Diana Express or the Di'ly Express, and has been attributed to Desmond's close friendship with regular Eye target Mohamed Fayed.[note 1] For a long period in 2006 and 2007, these front-page stories would consistently appear on Mondays; this trend ceased only when the paper focused instead on the Madeleine McCann story (see below). Even on 7 July 2006, the anniversary of the London bombings (used by most other newspapers to publish commemorations) the front page was given over to Diana. This tendency was also mocked on Have I Got News for You when on 6 November 2006, the day other papers reported the death sentence given to Saddam Hussein on their front pages, the Express led with “SPIES COVER UP DIANA 'MURDER'”.

According to The Independent "The Diana stories appear on Mondays because Sunday is often a quiet day."[57] In February and March 2010 the paper returned to featuring Diana stories on the front page on Mondays.

In September 2013, following an allegation raised by the estranged wife of an SAS operative, the Daily Express once again returned to running daily Princess Diana cover stories.[58][59][60][61][62]

Madeleine McCann

In the second half of 2007 the Daily Express gave a large amount of coverage to the disappearance of Madeleine McCann. From 3 August 2007, the Express dedicated at least part of the next 100 front pages to Madeleine in a run that lasted until 10 November 2007. 82 of these 100 front page articles used the headline to feature the details of the disappearance (often stylised by "MADELEINE" in red block capitals, plus a picture of the child).

Though the family initially said that some journalists may have "overstepped their mark" they acknowledged the benefits in keeping the case in the public eye,[63] but argued that the coverage needed to be toned down since daily headlines are not necessarily helpful.[64] However, in March 2008, the McCanns launched a libel suit against the Daily Express and its sister newspaper, the Daily Star, as well as their Sunday equivalents, following the newspapers' coverage of the case. The action concerned more than 100 stories across the four newspapers, which accused the McCanns of causing their daughter's death and covering it up.[65] One immediate consequence of the action was that Express Newspapers pulled all references to Madeleine from its websites.[66]

In a settlement reached at the High Court of Justice, the newspapers agreed to run a front-page apology to the McCanns on 19 March 2008, publish another apology on the front pages of the Sunday editions of 23 March and make a statement of apology at the High Court. The newspapers also agreed to pay costs and substantial damages, which the McCanns said they would use to fund the search for their daughter.[65] Guardian media commentator Roy Greenslade said it was "unprecedented" for four major newspapers to offer front-page apologies, but also said that it was more than warranted given that the papers had committed "a substantial libel" that shamed the entire British press.[67] Craig Silverman of Regret the Error, a blog that reports media errors, argued that given how many of the stories appeared on the front page, anything less than a front page apology would have been "unacceptable."[68]

In its apology, the Express stated that "a number of articles in the newspaper have suggested that the couple caused the death of their missing daughter Madeleine and then covered it up. We acknowledge that there is no evidence whatsoever to support this theory and that Kate and Gerry are completely innocent of any involvement in their daughter's disappearance."[69] This was followed in October by an apology and payout (forwarded to the fund again) to a group who had become known as the "Tapas Seven" in relation to the case.[70]

Romanian and Bulgarian immigrants

In 2013, the paper launched a 'Crusade' against new European Union rules of migrants from Bulgaria and Romania.[71][72] The frontpage on Thursday 31 October declared 'Britain is full and fed up. Today join your Daily Express Crusade to stop new flood of Romanian and Bulgarian migrants'.[73] The Aberystwyth University Student Union announced a ban on the sale of the paper.[74] Though this ban was overturned in March 2016 after students campaigned for the ban to be overturned [75] UKIP leader Nigel Farage declared that he had signed the petition, and urged other to do the same.[76] Romanian politician Cătălin Ivan expressed 'outrage' at the campaign.[77] 150,000 people signed the petition.

Editors

Daily Express

Sunday Express

1920: James Douglas
1928: James Douglas and John Gordon
1931: John Gordon
1952: Harold Keeble
1954: John Junor
1986: Robin Esser
1989: Robin Morgan
1991: Eve Pollard
1994: Brian Hitchen
1995: Sue Douglas
1996: Richard Addis
1998: Amanda Platell
1999: Michael Pilgrim
2001: Martin Townsend

Notable columnists and staff

Current

Past

Political allegiance

With the exception of the 2001 general election, when it backed the Labour Party,[79] the newspaper has declared its support for the Conservative Party at every general election since World War II until 2015 where they began supporting the UK Independence Party.[4][80]

'Crusade for Freedom'

This was the newspaper's own campaign to give the people of the United Kingdom the opportunity to add their names to a petition addressed to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in favour of Britain's withdrawal from the European Union. Each edition of 8 January 2011 issue had four cut-out vouchers where readers could sign the pledge and send them to the paper's HQ where the petition was being compiled, there were also further editions with the same voucher included.[81] The campaign attracted the support of many celebrities including sportsman/TV personality Sir Ian Botham[82] and Chairman of J D Wetherspoon Tim Martin[83] who both gave interviews for 8 January's special edition of the paper. The first week of the campaign saw a response of around 370,000 signatures being received (just over 50% of daily readership or around 0.6% of the UK population).

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ For instance in the "Hackwatch" column of Private Eye #1174, 19 December 2006.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "National Newspaper Circulations May 2015". Progressive Media International. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  2. ↑ Hall, Macer (17 April 2015). "Express Newspapers Chairman Richard Desmond gives £1.3m to Ukip". Daily Express. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  3. ↑ "Express owner Richard Desmond gives UKIP £1m". BBC News. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  4. 1 2 "Daily Express urges British public to vote Ukip for a patriotic future". Daily Express. 6 May 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  5. ↑ Daily Express, no.1, 24 April 1900.
  6. ↑ "The late Sir Arthur Pearson, Bt, CBE". Blind Veterans UK. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  7. 1 2 "Father of the Blind – A Portrait of Sir Arthur Pearson". Northern and Shell Media Publications. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  8. 1 2 3 "Daily Express: A chequered history". BBC. 25 January 2001. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016.
  9. ↑ "Daily Express British newspaper". Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  10. ↑ "Journalism by Arthur Christiansen: The Express Way". Perspective uk North / media. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  11. ↑ "Happy 90th birthday Rupert Bear". Northern and Shell Media Publications. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  12. ↑ "Giles - Express Newspapers". JISC Arts and Humanities Council. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  13. ↑ http://socioecohistory.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/judea_declares_war_on_germany.jpg
  14. ↑ Geoffrey Cox 'Countdown to War'
  15. ↑ UK Press Online reveals articles dating from 'Sport among the rubbish heaps' (3 May 1921) to 'After the storm, the dance of the phantoms' (27 March 1971)
  16. ↑ 'A House of No Morals', Sunday Express, 18 December 1921, and 'Scarecrow Cottage', Sunday Express, 25 December 1921
  17. ↑ "The Daily Express - The Press In Great Britain". May 2015. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016.
  18. ↑ "The Kilmarnock Fact Book". Google Books / Amberley Publishing Ltd. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  19. ↑ "Daily Express, Manchester". Engineering Timelines. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  20. ↑ "Preston printing firm to close with loss of 91 jobs". Johnston Publishing Ltd. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  21. ↑ "Presses roll at our £100m new print site". Northern and Shell Media Publications. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  22. ↑ "'Vendetta against Royal Family': M.P. criticizes Lord Beaverbrook", The Times, London, 21 March 1962, p.5.
  23. ↑ "Royalty's Recourse", Time, New York, 30 March 1962.
  24. 1 2 Beers, Laura (2010). Your Britain: Media and the Making of the Labour Party. Harvard University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-674-05002-0. In 1948, Beaverbrook told the Royal Commission on the Press that he "ran the [Express] purely for the purpose of making propaganda and with no other object....[Empire free trade] and an Empire Customs Union, Empire unity for the purpose of securing peace, and if necessary for making war. I look at it as a purely propagandist project."
  25. ↑ "Popular Newspapers during World War II". Adam Matthew Publications. Archived from the original on 28 August 2006. Retrieved 25 January 2011. If Winston Churchill was Britain's bulldog, then Lord Beaverbrook's Daily Express and Sunday Express were surely his bark. His papers were always bright, lively, and fiercely patriotic, and Beaverbrook had no qualms in telling a Royal Commission on the Press that he used them "purely for the purpose of making propaganda".
  26. ↑ 'This Express rush into oblivion can be halted', Peter Preston, The Observer, 6 February 2000
  27. ↑ "Tabloid 'Express' will aim for the young", Peter Godfrey, The Times page 2, 21 January 1977
  28. ↑ 'Beaverbrook accepts £14m bid from Trafalgar House', Richard Allen, The Times page 1, 1 July 1977
  29. ↑ 'Express group ponders two new papers', Gareth Parry, The Guardian, 25 February 1978 - "The name of Beaverbrook Newspapers will revert to its former designation, Express Newspapers"
  30. ↑ 'United wins Fleet Holdings fight', William Kay, The Times page 1, 15 October 1985
  31. ↑ 'Signs of recovery at the Express', Charles Wintour, The Times page 38, 24 May 1989 - "Express Newspapers has now moved from the famous black glass building to a brand new, rubber-planted spacious construction just over Blackfriars Bridge"
  32. ↑ "Rupert the Bear moves to new home". BBC. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  33. ↑ "Soft-porn baron buys the Express". Telegraph Media Group Limited. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  34. ↑ "Boycott and her deputy quit porn mogul's Daily Express Editor says parting is amicable despite rift with new owner". Herald & Times Group. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  35. ↑ "Veteran columnist quits Express". BBC. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  36. ↑ Peter Hitchens (18 December 2000). "Rosie Boycott hugs me: "Everything you write is complete ****," she says, "but I like you"". Newstatesman.com. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  37. ↑ "Express Newspapers could be kicked out of PCC". Guardian News and Media Limited. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  38. ↑ "'Rogue publisher' Richard Desmond in fallout with PCC". Press Gazette. Wilmington Business Information. 24 March 2009. Retrieved 28 March 2009.
  39. 1 2 Greenslade, Roy (11 February 2009). "Libel pay-outs show why Desmond is a rogue proprietor". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 28 March 2009.
  40. ↑ Brook, Stephen (10 October 2008). "More than 80 jobs to go in Express cull". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 28 March 2009.
  41. ↑ Luft, Oliver (6 March 2009). "Express Newspapers looks for fresh savings as it misses redundancy target". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 28 March 2009.
  42. ↑ Brook, Stephen (4 April 2009). "Desmond braves Express picket line". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 28 March 2009.
  43. ↑ Laura Oliver. "Northern & Shell to axe 70 journalists from Express and Star titles". Journalism. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
  44. ↑ Sweney, Mark (12 August 2009). "ASA raps Richard Desmond's Express Newspapers over advertorials". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
  45. ↑ "ASA Adjudications : Express Newspapers and Goldshield Ltd". ASA. 12 August 2009. Archived from the original on 15 August 2009. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
  46. ↑ "ASA Adjudications : Express Newspapers and LadyCare Lifetime Ltd". ASA. 12 August 2009. Archived from the original on 15 August 2009. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
  47. ↑ Stephen Brook and agencies (19 August 2009). "Express censured for fourth time in two weeks over undeclared advertorials". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
  48. ↑ Brook, Stephen (27 January 2010). "Daily Express is the Rynair of Fleet Street". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
  49. ↑ Greenslade, Roy (11 January 2011). "Desmond's papers excluded from system of press self-regulation". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
  50. ↑ "Desmond's papers excluded from system of press self-regulation". Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  51. ↑ "Home". ukpressonline. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
  52. ↑ "Concise History of the British Newspaper in the Twentieth Century". The British Library Board. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  53. 1 2 Cullen, Pamela V. Halliday (2006). A Stranger in Blood: The Case Files on Dr John Bodkin Adams. London: Elliott & Thompson. ISBN 1-904027-19-9.
  54. 1 2 3 4 Two Men Were Acquitted: The trial and acquittal of Doctor John Bodkin Adams, Secker & Warburg, 1984
  55. ↑ "Scottish Sunday Express apologises for Dunblane survivors story". Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  56. ↑ "Dunblane: We're Sorry". Sunday Express. 22 March 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
  57. ↑ Snoddy, Raymond (20 February 2006). "Peter Hill: An appetite for battle". The Independent. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  58. ↑ Twomey, John (10 September 2013). "SAS quizzed over Diana death". Daily Express. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  59. ↑ Twomey, John (13 September 2013). "Army slated for not taking allegations of SAS aided death seriously". Daily Express. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  60. ↑ Twomey, John (14 September 2013). "How David Cameron knew of Princess Diana murder plot". Daily Express. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  61. ↑ MacIntyre, Donal (15 September 2013). "SAS's lamping unit used laser to dazzle Diana's driver". Daily Express. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  62. ↑ Sheldrick, Giles (16 September 2013). "Soldier's claim SAS ordered to kill Princess Diana ups pressure for murder investigation". Daily Express. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  63. ↑ "From Victims to Villains". ABC News. 12 September 2007.
  64. ↑ "I don't think necessarily having newspaper headlines with the image of Madeleine being thrust on to people every single day helps. Clearly we have seen irresponsible reporting.". Sunday Herald. 26 August 2007.
  65. 1 2 "Damages due over McCann stories". BBC News. 18 March 2008.
  66. ↑ Leigh Holmwood (13 March 2008). "Express titles cut back McCann coverage". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 17 March 2008.
  67. ↑ Roy Greenslade. "Express and Star apologies to McCanns bring all journalism into disrepute". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  68. ↑ "Poynter". Regret the Error. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  69. ↑ "Kate and Gerry McCann: Sorry". Daily Express. UK. 19 March 2008.
  70. ↑ "Libel payout for McCann friends". BBC News. 16 October 2008. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  71. ↑ 'Join our Crusade today ...', Daily Express, page 4, 31 October 2013
  72. ↑ 'This time let us keep the floodgates closed', Daily Express, page 14, 31 October 2013
  73. ↑ 'Britain is full up and fed up', Daily Express, page 1, 31 October 2013
  74. ↑ The Huffington Post UK. "Aberystwyth University Student Union Bans The Daily Express". Huffingtonpost.co.uk. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  75. ↑ "Cambrian-news.co.uk". 2016.
  76. ↑ Farage, Nigel. "I've signed the Express petition – you should too! Remember, it'll be Albanians next...". Daily Express. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  77. ↑ Evans, Max. "Romanian MEP orders Daily Express to 'stop' our campaign to halt EU migration". Daily Express. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  78. ↑ Books LLC (May 2010), English Newspaper Editors: Piers Morgan, Bertram Fletcher Robinson, Con Coughlin, Bill Deedes, Janne M. Sjödahl, Andrew Knight, Peter Stanford, General Books, ISBN 978-1-155-18098-4
  79. ↑ Claire Cozens. "Express Labour". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  80. ↑ "Sunday Express backs Nigel Farage's Ukip for 2015 election for real change in Britain". Daily Express. 3 May 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  81. ↑ 'A crusade for freedom', Daily Express, page 55, 8 January 2011
  82. ↑ 'Botham backs our drive for public vote on Europe', Daily Express, page 59, 8 January 2011
  83. ↑ 'Euro red tape is strangling UK enterprise', Daily Express, page 69, 8 January 2011

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