Endurantism

Endurantism or endurance theory is a philosophical theory of persistence and identity. According to the endurantist view material objects are persisting three-dimensional individuals wholly present at every moment of their existence. This conception of an individual as always present, is opposed to perdurantism or four dimensionalism which maintains that an object is a series of temporal parts or stages. The use of "endure" and "perdure" to distinguish two ways in which an object can be thought to persist can be traced to David Lewis.

See also

• Alfred North Whitehead
• A-series and B-series
• Counterpart theory
• David Lewis
• Essentialism
• Identity and change
• J.J.C. Smart
• Lorentz ether theory
• Philosophy of time

Notes

References

• "Temporal parts". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 
• Lewis, D.K.. 1986. On the Plurality of Worlds Oxford: Blackwell
• McKinnon, N. 2002. "The Endurance/Perdurance Distinction", The Australasian Journal of Philosophy 80:3 p. 288-306.
• Merricks, T. 1999. "Persistence, Parts and Presentism", Noûs 33 p. 421-38.
• Sider, T. 2001. Four-Dimensionalism Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Zimmerman, D. 1996. "Persistence and Presentism", Philosophical Papers 25:2.

Time
Key concepts	Human Life Nature Past history deep time Present Future Futures studies Far future in religion Far future in science fiction and popular culture Timeline of the far future Eternity Eternity of the world
Measurement and standards	Chronometry UTC UT TAI Unit of time Planck time Second Minute Hour Day Week Month Year Decade Century Millennium Tropical year Sidereal year Measurement systems Time zone 12-hour clock 24-hour clock Daylight saving time Solar time Sidereal time Metric time Decimal time Hexadecimal time Calendars Gregorian Julian Hebrew Islamic Lunar Solar Hijri Mayan Intercalation Leap second Leap year
Clocks	Horology History of timekeeping devices Main types astrarium atomic quantum marine sundial sundial markup schema watch water-based
Chronology History	Astronomical chronology Big History Calendar era Chronicle Deep time Periodization Regnal year Timeline
Religion Mythology	Dreamtime Kāla Kalachakra Prophecy Time and fate deities Wheel of time Immortality
Philosophy of time	A-series and B-series B-theory of time Causality Duration Endurantism Eternal return Eternalism Event Perdurantism Presentism Temporal finitism Temporal parts The Unreality of Time
Human experience and use of time	Accounting period Chronemics Fiscal year Generation time Mental chronometry Music Procrastination Punctuality Temporal database Term Time discipline Time management Time perception Specious present Time-tracking software Time-use research Time-based currency (time banking) Time value of money Time clock Timesheet Yesterday
Time in	Geology Geological time age chron eon epoch era period Geochronology Geological history of Earth Physics Absolute time and space Arrow of time Chronon Coordinate time Imaginary time Planck epoch Planck time Proper time Rate Spacetime Theory of relativity Time dilation gravitational Time domain T-symmetry other subject areas Chronological dating Chronobiology Circadian rhythms Dating methodologies in archaeology Time geography
Related topics	Carpe diem Clock position Space System time Tempus fugit Time capsule Time complexity Time signature Time travel
Time portal

Philosophy of time
Concepts in time	Time Duration A priori and a posteriori Eternity Event Action Deterministic system Free will Eternal return A-series and B-series Temporal parts Growing block universe Multiple time dimensions	Time Portal
Theories of time	Determinism Temporal finitism Fatalism Indeterminism Compatibilism and incompatibilism Presentism Eternalism Four dimensionalism Endurantism Perdurantism B-Theory of time
Related articles	Metaphysics Etiology Teleology Post hoc ergo propter hoc The Unreality of Time The Singular Universe and the Reality of Time