Encephalomyelitis

Encephalomyelitis
Classification and external resources
Specialty	neurology
ICD-10	G04-G05
ICD-9-CM	323
MeSH	D004679

Encephalomyelitis is a general term for inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, describing a number of disorders:

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or postinfectious encephalomyelitis, a demyelinating disease of the brain and spinal cord, possibly triggered by viral infection;^[1]^[2]
Encephalomyelitis disseminata, a synonym for multiple sclerosis;
AntiMOG associated encephalomyelitis, one of the underlying conditions for the phenotype neuromyelitis optica^[3]^[4] and in general all the spectrum of MOG autoantibody-associated demyelinating diseases.^[5]
Equine encephalomyelitis, a potentially fatal mosquito-borne viral disease that infects horses and humans;
Myalgic encephalomyelitis, a disease involving presumed inflammation of the central nervous system with symptoms of muscle pain and fatigue; the term has sometimes been used interchangeably with chronic fatigue syndrome, though there is still controversy over the distinction.^[6]
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of brain inflammation.
Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) - A kind of stiff person syndrome
AIDS related encephalomyelitis, caused by opportunistic Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection^[7]

References

↑ Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases
↑ Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Information Page at NINDS
↑ Pröbstel AK et al. Anti-MOG antibodies are present in a subgroup of patients with a neuromyelitis optica phenotype. J Neuroinflammation. 2015 Mar 8;12(1):46.
↑ Melania Spadaro et al. Histopathology and clinical course of MOG-antibody-associated encephalomyelitis. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology Volume 2, Issue 3, pages 295–301, March 2015 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.164
↑ Reindl M, Di Pauli F, Rostásy K, Berger T. The spectrum of MOG autoantibody-associated demyelinating diseases. Nat Rev Neurol. 2013 Aug;9(8):455-61. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2013.118. Epub 2013 Jun 25. PMID 23797245
↑ Myalgic encephalomyelitis at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases
↑ S. M. de la Monte, MD, MPH, D. D. Ho, MD, R. T. Schooley, MD, M. S. Hirsch, MD and E. P. Richardson Jr., MD Subacute encephalomyelitis of AIDS and its relation to HTLV‐III infection Neurology April 1987 vol. 37 no. 4 562 doi: 10.1212/WNL.37.4.562

Brain	Encephalitis Viral encephalitis Herpesviral encephalitis Limbic encephalitis Encephalitis lethargica Cavernous sinus thrombosis Brain abscess Amoebic

Spinal cord	Myelitis: Poliomyelitis Demyelinating disease Transverse myelitis Tropical spastic paraparesis Epidural abscess

Both/either	Encephalomyelitis Acute disseminated Myalgic Meningoencephalitis

Extrapyramidal and movement disorders	Basal ganglia disease Parkinsonism PD Postencephalitic NMS PKAN Tauopathy PSP Striatonigral degeneration Hemiballismus HD OA Dyskinesia Dystonia Status dystonicus Spasmodic torticollis Meige's Blepharospasm Athetosis Chorea Choreoathetosis Myoclonus Myoclonic epilepsy Akathisia Tremor Essential tremor Intention tremor Restless legs Stiff person

Dementia	Tauopathy Alzheimer's Early-onset Primary progressive aphasia Frontotemporal dementia/Frontotemporal lobar degeneration Pick's Dementia with Lewy bodies Posterior cortical atrophy Vascular dementia

Mitochondrial disease	Leigh disease

Seizure/epilepsy	Focal Generalised Status epilepticus Myoclonic epilepsy

Headache	Migraine Familial hemiplegic Cluster Tension

Cerebrovascular	TIA Amaurosis fugax Transient global amnesia Acute aphasia Stroke MCA ACA PCA Foville's Millard–Gubler Lateral medullary Weber's Lacunar stroke

Sleep disorders	Insomnia Hypersomnia Sleep apnea Obstructive Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome Narcolepsy Cataplexy Kleine–Levin Circadian rhythm sleep disorder Advanced sleep phase disorder Delayed sleep phase disorder Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder Jet lag

Other

Both/either

SA	Friedreich's ataxia Ataxia telangiectasia

MND	UMN only: Primary lateral sclerosis Pseudobulbar palsy Hereditary spastic paraplegia LMN only: Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies Spinal muscular atrophies SMA SMAX1 SMAX2 DSMA1 Congenital DSMA SMA-PCH SMA-LED SMA-PME Progressive muscular atrophy Progressive bulbar palsy Fazio–Londe Infantile progressive bulbar palsy both: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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