Elephantopus

For other uses, see Elephantopus (disambiguation).
Elephant’s foot
Elephantopus scaber in India
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Tribe: Vernonieae[1]
Genus: Elephantopus
L.
Type species
Elephantopus scaber
L.[2]
Synonyms[3]
  • Elephantosis Less.
  • Anaschovadi Adans.
  • Elephantopsis (Sch.Bip.) C.F.Baker
  • Chaetospira S.F.Blake

Elephantopus is a genus of perennial plants in the daisy family.[4][5][6]

The genus is widespread over much of Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Americas.[3] Several species are native to the southeastern United States,[7][8] and at least one is native to India and the Himalayas.[9][10][11]

Uses

Elephantopus scaber is a traditional medicine[12] and other species, including E. mollis[13] and E. carolinianus,[14] have also been investigated for medicinal properties. Elephantopus scaber contains elephantopin which is a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone containing two lactone rings and an epoxide functional group.[15]

Species

accepted species[3]
  1. Elephantopus angolensis O.Hoffm. - Angola
  2. Elephantopus arenarius Britton & P.Wilson ex Britton - Cuba
  3. Elephantopus arenosus Krasch. - Brazil
  4. Elephantopus biflorus (Less.) Sch.Bip. - Brazil
  5. Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch.- southeastern + south-central United States; Cuba, Puerto Rico
  6. Elephantopus dilatatus Gleason - Costa Rica, Panama
  7. Elephantopus elatus Bertol. - southeastern United States
  8. Elephantopus elongatus Gardner - Brazil
  9. Elephantopus hirtiflorus DC. - Brazil, Venezuela
  10. Elephantopus mendoncae Philipson - Angola
  11. Elephantopus micropappus Less. - Brazil
  12. Elephantopus mollis Kunth native to Latin America + West Indies; widely naturalized in tropics of Africa, Asia, Australia, various islands
  13. Elephantopus multisetus O.Hoffm. ex T.Durand & De Wild. - Angola, Zaire, Tanzania
  14. Elephantopus nudatus A.Gray - southeastern + south-central United States, east Texas to Maryland
  15. Elephantopus nudicaulis Poir. - Mexico
  16. Elephantopus palustris Gardner - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay
  17. Elephantopus piauiensis R.Barros & Semir - Brazil
  18. Elephantopus pratensis C.Wright - Cuba
  19. Elephantopus racemosus Gardner - Brazil
  20. Elephantopus riparius Gardner - Brazil
  21. Elephantopus scaber L. - China, India, southeast Asia, northern Australia; naturalized in Africa, Madagascar, Latin America
  22. Elephantopus senegalensis (Klatt) Oliv. & Hiern- tropical Africa
  23. Elephantopus tomentosus L. - southern United States
  24. Elephantopus vernonioides S. Moore - Africa
  25. Elephantopus virgatus Desv. ex Ham. - Guyana
  26. Elephantopus welwitschii Hiern - Africa

References

  1. "187d. Asteraceae Martinov tribe Vernonieae Cassini". Flora of North America.
  2. Baker, C. F. 1902. A revision of the Elephantopeae--1. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12: 43-56 in English
  3. 1 2 3 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  4. Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 814 in Latin
  5. Baker, C. F. 1902. A revision of the Elephantopeae--1. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12: plate IX line drawings of fruits of several species of Elephantopus and Pseudelephantopus (captions on page 56)
  6. Clonts, J. A. 1972. A Revision of the Genus Elephantopus Including Orthopappus and Pseudelephantopus (Compositae). Ph.D. thesis. Mississippi State University.
  7. "Elephantopus L.". United States Department of Agriculture plants profile.
  8. Flora of North America, Elephant’s foot, Elephantopus Linnaeus
  9. Press, J.R., Shrestha, K.K. & Sutton, D.A. "Elephantopus L.". Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
  10. Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 368 地胆草属 di dan cao shu Elephantopus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 814. 1753.
  11. Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
  12. Poli, A; Nicolau, M; Simoes, Cm; Nicolau, Rm; Zanin, M (August 1992). "Preliminary pharmacologic evaluation of crude whole plant extracts of Elephantopus scaber. Part I: in vivo studies". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 37 (1): 71–6. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(92)90005-C. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 1453704.
  13. Tabopda, Tk; Liu, J; Ngadjui, Bt; Luu, B (Apr 2007). "Cytotoxic triterpene and sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus mollis and induction of apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells". Planta Medica. 73 (4): 376–80. doi:10.1055/s-2007-967132. ISSN 0032-0943. PMID 17366372.
  14. Lee, Kh; Cowherd, Cm; Wolo, Mt (September 1975). "Antitumor agents. XV: Deoxyelephantopin, an antitumor principle from Elephantopus carolinianus Willd". Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 64 (9): 1572–3. doi:10.1002/jps.2600640938. ISSN 0022-3549. PMID 1185584.
  15. Rajkapoor B, Jayakar B, Anandan R (Jan–Feb 2002). "Antitumor activity of Elephantopus scaber linn against Dalton's ascitis lymphoma". Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 64 (1): 71–3.
Elephantopus tomentosus in the United States
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