Electoral Reform Society

Electoral Reform Society

Founded	1884 (1884) London, United Kingdom
Type	Non-governmental organisation
Focus	Democracy, electoral reform, elections
Location	London, Cardiff, Edinburgh
Area served	United Kingdom
Method	lobbying, research, innovation
Key people	Katie Ghose, Chief Executive Amy Dodd, Chair Jon Walsh, Vice-Chair Dan Snow, Ambassador
Website	electoral-reform.org.uk

The Electoral Reform Society (ERS) is a political pressure group based in the United Kingdom which promotes electoral reform. It seeks to replace the first-past-the-post voting system with one of proportional representation, advocating the single transferable vote. It is the world's oldest operating organisation concerned with political and electoral reform.

Overview

The Electoral Reform Society seeks a "representative democracy fit for the 21st century."^[1] The Society advocates the replacement of the first-past-the-post and plurality-at-large voting systems with a proportional voting system, the single transferable vote. First-past-the-post is currently used for elections to the House of Commons and for most local elections in England and Wales, while Plurality-at-large is used in multi-member council wards in England and Wales, and was historically used in the multi-member parliamentary constituencies before their abolition.^[2] It also campaigns for improvements to public elections and representative democracy, and is a regular commentator on all aspects of representation, public participation and democratic governance in the United Kingdom.

History

The ERS was founded in January 1884 as the Proportional Representation Society by the Victorian naturalist, archaeologist and polymath John Lubbock. The founding members included academics, barristers, and an equal number of Conservative and Liberal MPs. Famous early members included Charles Dodgson (better known as Lewis Carroll), C.P. Scott, editor of the Manchester Guardian and Thomas Hare, inventor of the Single Transferable Vote. Alongside its sister organisation, Proportional Representation Society of Ireland, the Society succeeded in getting STV introduced in local and then national elections in Ireland, and in numerous religious, educational and professional organisations.

A PRS pamphlet of the 1920s described the organisation's aims thusly: 1. to reproduce the opinions of the electors in parliament and other public bodies in their true proportions 2. to secure the majority of electors shall rule and all other considerable minorities shall be heard 3. to give electors a wider freedom in the choice of representation 4. to give representative greater independence by freeing them from the pressure of sectional interests (perhaps party discipline and back-room deals were meant] 5. to ensure to parties representation by their ablest and most trusted members.^[3]

After World War II the Society suffered from financial problems and a lack of public appetite for reform. When Fianna Fáil put to a referendum a proposal to revert to first-past-the-post voting twice (1959 and 1968), the Society, under the leadership of Enid Lakeman, led a successful campaign to keep the STV system in Ireland^[4]

In 1973 STV was introduced in Northern Ireland for elections to local councils and to the new Northern Ireland Assembly, and the Society and its staff were called upon to advise in the programme of education set up by the government to raise public awareness.^[5]

Interest in proportional representation revived sharply in Britain after the February 1974 general election. From then on the Society was able to secure a higher public profile for its campaigns. In 1983 the Society was recognised by the United Nations Economic and Social Council as a Non-Governmental Organisation with Consultative Status.

Activities

The Society has campaigned successfully for the introduction of STV for local elections in Scotland,^[6] and led the call for a referendum on the voting system in the wake of the United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal as part of the Vote for a Change campaign.^[7] It is a founding member of the Votes at 16 Coalition.

AV referendum

The Society was later a principal funder of the YES! To Fairer Votes campaign in the unsuccessful bid for a Yes vote in the 2011 referendum on the Alternative Vote.^[8] Its Chief Executive, Katie Ghose, served as the campaign's chair.

Police and crime commissioners

In 2012, the Society criticised Government handling of its policy of elected Police and Crime Commissioners - which led to the lowest turnout in British peacetime history.

In August 2012 the Society predicted turnout could be as low as 18.5% and outlined steps to salvage the elections, mobilising support from both candidates and voters.^[9] The Government did not change tack, dubbing the prediction a "silly season story".^[10] Following the result (in which the national turnout was a mere 15.1%, even lower than the Society's prediction), the Society branded the Government's approach to elections as a "comedy of errors", views that were reiterated by Shadow Home Secretary Yvette Cooper.^[11]

Voter registration

The Society led bids to change the Government's approach to introduction of Individual Electoral Registration, which the New Statesman dubbed "the biggest political scandal you've never heard of".^[12] Electoral Commission sources estimated as many as 10 million voters could disappear from the electoral roll under government plans, predominantly poor, young or black, and more liable to vote Labour.^[13] The Society succeeded in securing changes to the legislation.^[14]

European Union

In a 2014 report the society recommended several ways to make the European Union more accountable and argues that there is a democratic deficit. These included: better scrutiny of EU legislation by the British parliament, a voting system which gives voters more influence over individual candidates (e.g. single transferable vote) and recruitment of party candidates with a wider ranges of views on the EU.^[15]

Analysis of 2016 EU Referendum

In August 2016 the Society published a highly critical report on the referendum and called for a review of how future events are run. Contrasting it very unfavourably with the 'well-informed grassroots' campaign for Scottish independence, Ghose described it as "dire" with “glaring democratic deficiencies” which left voters bewildered. Ghose noted a generally negative response to establishment figures with 29% of voters saying David Cameron made them more likely to vote leave whilst only 14% said he made them want to vote remain. Looking ahead, the society called for an official organisation to highlight misleading claims and for Ofcom to define the role of broadcasters are expected to play. ^[16]

Related organisations

The Society has three closely related organisations:

• Electoral Reform Services Limited (ERS, formerly Electoral Reform Ballot Services): A company, in which the Electoral Reform Society is a minority shareholder and which the ERS receives an annual dividend from,^[17] established in 1988 to provide an independent balloting and polling service to organisations conducting elections and polls. The service is widely used by trade unions, political parties, building societies and companies when balloting their members or shareholders in ways defined by the law and their internal management. In many cases these organisations are forbidden from conducting their ballots internally in an attempt to ensure that the ballots are conducted impartially.
• Electoral Reform International Services (ERIS): A company established in 1991 to provide assistance in conducting elections worldwide. Activities include advice, training and election monitoring.

See also

• Make Votes Matter
• Take Back Parliament
• Suffragettes
• Chartists
• History of suffrage in the United Kingdom
• Electoral reform in the United Kingdom

References

External links

• Official website
• Electoral Reform Services
• Electoral Reform International Services
• Electoral Reform Society companies grouped at OpenCorporates
• Guardian Special Report - Electoral Reform