Edward Goschen

Sir William Edward Goschen, 1st Baronet GCB GCMG GCVO PC (18 July 1847 – 20 May 1924) was a British diplomat.

Background and education

Goschen was born at Eltham, England, the twelfth child and sixth son of Wilhelm Heinrich Göschen, originally of Leipzig, Saxony, and Henrietta Ohmann, who was born in London. At the time of his birth his father was 54. The Liberal Unionist politician Lord Goschen was Goschen's elder brother. He was educated at Rugby and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He twice represented Oxford at real tennis, played five matches of first-class cricket as a right-handed batsman for the University of Oxford and throughout his life was a keen sportsman.

Diplomatic service

Goschen entered the Diplomatic Service in 1869 and after an initial few months at the Foreign Office he served in Madrid, as Third Secretary in Buenos Aires, Paris, Rio de Janeiro, Constantinople, Peking, Copenhagen as secretary to the legation, (1888–1890), Lisbon as secretary to the legation, Washington (1893–1894) as secretary and Saint Petersburg (1895–1898).

Ambassador to Belgrade

Goschen was offered the Belgrade legation and took up post in Serbia in September 1899. He was later to recall that his only instructions from the Foreign Secretary Lord Salisbury was to "keep [an] eye [on] King Milan". He remained in Serbia until 1900.

Ambassador to Copenhagen

According to Goschen himself he was initially less than happy to be offered the Copenhagen Legation. "Oh dear, oh dear! I am not thrilled and later accepted but with misgivings". He served as Minister to Denmark from 1900 until 1905 and although recognising the posting as something of a diplomatic backwater he at least revelled in the social aspects of his position.

Ambassador to Vienna

Goschen's appointment as Ambassador to Austria-Hungary was seemingly made at the behest of King Edward VII. Goschen most probably expected the Vienna posting to be his last but the imminent retirement of Sir Frank Lascelles at the Berlin embassy posed problems for the Foreign Secretary.

Ambassador to Berlin

Finding a successor for Lascelles was not easy. Berlin made it clear that Sir Arthur Nicolson would be unacceptable as the successor and although the Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs Charles Hardinge had initially favoured Fairfax Cartwright, the Minister at Munich, he was in his turn vetoed by the Germans who wanted a public figure. Eventually a reluctant Kaiser was persuaded to accept Goschen. In Goschen's last conversation with the German Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg before asking for his passports, on 4 August 1914, Bethmann famously expressed his astonishment that England would go to war for "a scrap of paper" (the 1839 treaty guaranteeing Belgium's neutrality).

Sir Edward Goschen Fund

During World War I, Goschen established a relief fund for British citizens still living in Germany who had lost their means of income and for British POWs being held prisoner in Germany. The fund was primarily administered through the United States Consular Service, now the United States Foreign Service.^[1][2]

Honours

British honours and decorations

• GCB: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath – 1911
• GCMG: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George – 1909
  • KCMG: Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George – 13 September 1901 – during a private visit to Denmark by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra^[3]
• GCVO: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order – 1904
• Goschen was admitted to the Privy Council in 1905
• He was created a Baronet, of Beacon Lodge, Highcliffe, in the County of Southampton, in 1916.

Foreign decorations

•  Denmark : Grand Cross of the Order of Dannebrog
•  Austrian Empire : Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold
•  Prussia : Grand Cross of the Order of the Red Eagle

Personal life

Goschen married Harriet Hosta Clarke, an American from Michigan, in 1874. They had two sons, Edward Henry Goschen born in 1877 and George Gerard Goschen born in 1887. Lady Goschen died in February 1912. In later life he became an enthusiastic if untalented violinist. He notes in his diary playing duets with the German Crown Prince in 1910. Goschen died in Chelsea, London, in May 1924, aged 76, and was succeeded in his title by his eldest son, Edward Henry Goschen.

References

• Baring, Maurice, The Puppet Show of Memory (London, 1922)
• Bruce, Henry, Silken Daliance (London, 1946)
• Howard, C.H.D (ed.), The Diary of Sir Edward Goschen 1900–1914 (London, 1980)
• Jones, Raymond A., The British Diplomatic Service 1815–1914 (Waterloo Ontario, 1983)
• Kennedy, Paul M., The Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, 1860–1914 (London, 1981)
• Rattigan, Frank, Diversions of a Diplomat (London, 1924)
• Rumbold, Horace, War Crisis in Berlin (London, 1940)
• Steiner, Zara S., The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy 1898–1914 (Cambridge, 1970)
• Steiner, Zara S., Britain and the Origins of World War I (London, 1978)
• First World war primary documents – Britain's Breaking Off of Diplomatic Relations with Germany, 4 August 1914