Ecological station (Brazil)

Ilha do Sambaqui. Guaraqueçaba Bay

An ecological station (Portuguese: Estação Ecológica) in Brazil is a type of protected area of Brazil as defined by the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC). The purpose is to preserve untouched representative samples of the different biomes in Brazil.

Objectives and restrictions

In the 1970s the Special Secretariat of the Environment under the environmentalist Paulo Nogueira Neto launched a program of estações ecológicas (ecological stations) with the aim of establishing a network of reserves that would protect representative samples of all Brazilian ecosystems.[1] The objective of an ecological station is to preserve nature and conduct scientific research. It establishes the right of eminent domain, with the private areas included in its boundaries requiring expropriation. In these areas, public visitation is prohibited, except for educational purposes, in accordance with the provisions of the Management Plan of the unit or specific regulation, and scientific research depends on previous authorization from the body responsible for the administration of the unit and is subject to the conditions and restrictions established by this body.[2]

Changes to the environment in an ecological station are allowed to restore modified ecosystems, to manage species so as to preserve biodiversity and to collect specimens for scientific purposes. Changes are also allowed to conduct scientific research that affects the environment more than observation or collection, but in no more 1,500 hectares (3,700 acres) or than or a maximum of 3% of the total area of the ecological station, whichever is smaller.[3]

Selected list of ecological stations

Name State Area (ha) Level Created Biome
Acauã Minas Gerais 3,195 State 1974 Atlantic Forest
Águas do Cuiabá Mato Grosso 11,328 State 2002 Cerrado
Águas Emendadas Federal District 9,181 State 1968 Cerrado
Aiuaba Ceará 11,525 Federal 2001 Caatinga
Alto Maués Amazonas 668,160 Federal 2014 Amazonia
Angatuba São Paulo 1,394 State 1985 Atlantic Forest
Aracuri-Esmeralda Rio Grande do Sul 277 Federal 1981 Atlantic Forest
Bananal São Paulo 884 State 1987 Atlantic Forest
Banhados de Iguape São Paulo 16,588 State 2006 Atlantic Forest
Barreiro Rico São Paulo 293 State 2006 Atlantic Forest
Caetetus São Paulo 2,254 State 1977 Atlantic Forest
Caracaraí Roraima 86,793 Federal 1982 Amazonia
Carijós Santa Catarina 759 Federal 1987 Coastal Marine
Castanhão Ceará 12,579 Federal 2001 Caatinga
Chauás São Paulo 2700 State 1987 Atlantic Forest
Cuniã Rondônia / Amazonas 189,661 Federal 2001 Amazonia
Grão-Pará Pará 4,245,819 State 2006 Amazonia
Guanabara Rio de Janeiro 1,935 Federal 2006 Coastal marine
Guaraqueçaba Paraná 4,476 Federal 1982 Coastal Marine
Ilha do Mel Paraná 2,241 State 1982 Coastal Marine
Iquê Mato Grosso 215,969 Federal 1981 Amazonia
Itirapina São Paulo 5,512 State 1984 Atlantic Forest
Jari Amapá, Pará 227,126 Federal 1982 Amazonia
Jataí São Paulo 9,010 State 1982 Cerrado
Juami-Japurá Amazonas 831,524 Federal 1985 Amazonia
Jutaí-Solimões Amazonas 284,285 Federal 1983 Amazonia
Juréia-Itatins[4] São Paulo 208,505 State 1986 Atlantic Forest
Maracá Roraima 103,976 Federal 1981 Amazonia
Maracá-Jipioca Amapá 60,200 Federal 1981 Amazonia
Mata do Jacaré São Paulo 75 State 1987 Atlantic Forest
Mata dos Ausentes Minas Gerais 498 State 1974 Atlantic Forest
Mata Preta Santa Catarina 6,566 Federal 2005 Atlantic Forest
Mico Leão Preto São Paulo 5,500 Federal 2002 Atlantic Forest
Mujica Nava Rondônia 18,281 State 1996 Amazonia
Murici Alagoas 6,132 Federal 2001 Atlantic Forest
Niquiá Roraima 284,787 Federal 1985 Amazonia
Paraíso Rio de Janeiro 5,000 State 1987 Atlantic Forest
Pau-Brasil Bahia 1,151 State 1997 Atlantic Forest
Pau-Brasil Paraíba 82 State 2002 Atlantic Forest
Pirapitinga Minas Gerais 1,384 Federal 1987 Cerrado
Raso da Catarina Bahia 105,300 Federal 1984 Caatinga
Rio Acre Acre 77,500 Federal 1981 Amazonia
Rio da Casca Mato Grosso 3,534 State 1994 Amazonia
Rio Flor do Prado Mato Grosso 8,517 State 2003 Amazonia
Rio Madeirinha Mato Grosso 13,683 State 1997 Amazonia
Rio Ronuro Mato Grosso 102,000 State 1998 Amazonia
Rio Roosevelt Mato Grosso 96,925 State 2007 Amazonia
Samuel Rondônia 71,061 State 1989 Amazonia
Seridó Rio Grande do Norte 1,163 Federal 1982 Caatinga
Serra das Araras Mato Grosso 28,637 Federal 1982 Amazonia
Serra dos Três Irmãos Rondônia 87,412 State 1990 Amazonia
Serra Geral do Tocantins Bahia, Tocantins 716,306 Federal 2001 Amazonia
Taiamã Mato Grosso 11,555 Federal 1981 Amazonia
Taim Rio Grande do Sul 10,939 Federal 1986 Coastal Marine
Tamoios Rio de Janeiro 9,361 Federal 1990 Coastal Marine
Terra do Meio Pará 3,373,110 Federal 2005 Amazonia
Tupinambás São Paulo 2,464 Federal 1987 Coastal Marine
Tupiniquins São Paulo 1,728 Federal 1986 Coastal Marine
UFMG Minas Gerais 114 Federal 1988 Cerrado
Uruçui-Una Piauí 135,120 Federal 1981 Cerrado
Wenceslau Guimarães Bahia 2,418.00 State 1997 Atlantic Forest

References

Sources

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