Echols County, Georgia

Echols County, Georgia

Echols County Courthouse in Statenville
Map of Georgia highlighting Echols County
Location in the U.S. state of Georgia
Map of the United States highlighting Georgia
Georgia's location in the U.S.
Founded December 13, 1858
Named for Robert Milner Echols
Seat Statenville
Largest community Statenville
Area
 • Total 421 sq mi (1,090 km2)
 • Land 415 sq mi (1,075 km2)
 • Water 5.8 sq mi (15 km2), 1.4%
Population
 • (2010) 4,034
 • Density 10/sq mi (4/km²)
Congressional district 1st
Time zone Eastern: UTC-5/-4
Website echolscountyga.com

Echols County /ˈɛkʊz/ is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,034.[1] The county seat is Statenville.[2] Statenville is a disincorporated municipality. Echols and Webster County are the only two counties in Georgia to currently have no incorporated municipalities. The county was established in 1858 and named in honor of Robert Milner Echols[3] (1798–1847).

Echols County is part of the Valdosta, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Echols County has become notable in recent years as it has served as a place of banishment for many of Georgia's criminals. As the Georgia State Constitution forbids banishment beyond the borders of the state, officials instead ban the offender from 158 of Georgia's 159 counties, with Echols remaining as their only option.[4] Few criminals have been documented as actually moving to Echols.[5] This is because almost all banished criminals choose to leave the state instead of move to Echols County.[6]

Banishment, including 158 county banishment, has repeatedly been upheld by Georgia courts. The first case when banishment was upheld was in the 1974 case State v Collett, when the Ga Supreme Court upheld the banishment of a drug dealer from seven counties.[7] The most recent time banishment was upheld, in 2011, the Ga Supreme Court ruled it was constitutional to banish David Nathan Thompson (a mentally ill man who was convicted of firing a gun into a home, although nobody was injured) from all but one county in Georgia.[8]

History

On December 13, 1858, the Georgia General Assembly passed a bill establishing Echols County from a south-eastern section of Lowndes County and a south-western section Clinch County. The original borders of the county were a line from the mouth of the Suwanoochee Creek directly south to the state line, then along the state line, then north to the junction of Grand Bay Creek and Mud Swamp, then up the course of Grand Bay Creek to Carter's Ford, then a direct line to where Cow's Creek enters the Alapaha River, then up the creek to Griffins' Mill, then a direct line to Jack's Fort on Suwanoochee Creek, and then down Suwanoochee Creek to its mouth. With the exception of some minor adjustments of the border Echols shares with Lowndes and the loss of a thin strip to Florida following Florida v. Georgia, the borders of Echols County has changed little since its establishment. Statenville was declared the county seat in 1859.

At the time of the 1860 census, Echols County had a white population of 1,177, 314 slaves, and no free people of color.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 421 square miles (1,090 km2), of which 415 square miles (1,070 km2) is land and 5.8 square miles (15 km2) (1.4%) is water.[9] The county contains a notable swamp, Whitehead Bay.[10]

The western half of Echols County is located in the Alapaha River sub-basin of the Suwannee River basin. The eastern half of the county, from well east of Statenville to just west of Fargo, is located in the Upper Suwannee River sub-basin of the same Suwannee River basin.[11]

Major highways

Major waterways

Railways

Adjacent counties

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18601,491—
18701,97832.7%
18802,55329.1%
18903,07920.6%
19003,2094.2%
19103,3093.1%
19203,3130.1%
19302,744−17.2%
19402,9648.0%
19502,494−15.9%
19601,876−24.8%
19701,9242.6%
19802,29719.4%
19902,3341.6%
20003,75460.8%
20104,0347.5%
Est. 20154,040[12]0.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[13]
1790-1960[14] 1900-1990[15]
1990-2000[16] 2010-2013[1]

2000 census

As of the census[17] of 2000, there were 3,754 people, 1,264 households, and 936 families residing in the county. The population density was 9 people per square mile (4/km²). There were 1,482 housing units at an average density of 4 per square mile (1/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 77.14% White, 6.93% Black or African American, 1.15% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 13.69% from other races, and 0.99% from two or more races. 19.69% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,264 households out of which 38.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.60% were married couples living together, 10.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.90% were non-families. 18.70% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.26.

In the county, the population was spread out with 29.30% under the age of 18, 12.50% from 18 to 24, 30.80% from 25 to 44, 18.30% from 45 to 64, and 9.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 116.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.60 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $25,851, and the median income for a family was $27,700. Males had a median income of $24,650 versus $17,297 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,727. 28.70% of the population and 22.30% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 33.10% are under the age of 18 and 29.80% are 65 or older.

2005 Estimates

In 2005 63.1% of the county population was non-Hispanic whites, 27.3% Hispanics, 8.8% African-Americans and 1.0% Native Americans.[18]

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 4,034 people, 1,329 households, and 1,029 families residing in the county.[19] The population density was 9.7 inhabitants per square mile (3.7/km2). There were 1,558 housing units at an average density of 3.8 per square mile (1.5/km2).[20] The racial makeup of the county was 74.9% white, 4.2% black or African American, 1.8% American Indian, 0.3% Asian, 15.8% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 29.3% of the population.[19] In terms of ancestry, 11.8% were German, 8.6% were Irish, 5.8% were American, and 5.3% were English.[21]

Of the 1,329 households, 43.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 22.6% were non-families, and 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 3.04 and the average family size was 3.33. The median age was 31.4 years.[19]

The median income for a household in the county was $32,390 and the median income for a family was $33,664. Males had a median income of $28,613 versus $20,208 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,201. About 21.4% of families and 32.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.8% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.[22]

Education

Communities

  • Alexis
  • Alexanderville
  • Bamberg
  • Barnes Still
  • Bohannon
  • Christian
  • Dayton
  • Finlayson
  • Fruitland
  • Statenville
  • Haylow
  • Howell
  • Levere
  • Mercer
  • Moonlight
  • Needmore
  • Mayday
  • Paul
  • Potter
  • Prescott
  • Tarver (formerly Statenville Station and Huckleberry)
  • Troublesome
  • Valentine

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  2. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. ↑ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 113.
  4. ↑ Bynum, Russ (2001-11-11). "Georgia Communities Put Criminals on First Bus Out of Town". Los Angeles Times.
  5. ↑ Isaacs, Lindsay (2015). "Q&A/Rural county baffled by judges' punishment". American City and County. Penton.
  6. ↑ Yung, Corey Rayburn (January 2007). "Banishment by a Thousand Laws: Residency Restrictions on Sex Offenders". Washington Law Review. Washington Law Review. 85 (1). The majority opinion in Collett did not address the fact that any of the defendants sentenced to 158-county banishment would likely choose to live in Ware or Echols County. The result of the 158-county banishment sentences, while not technically ordering the defendants to leave the state, has been to cause such an exodus to occur.
  7. ↑ "STATE v. COLLETT". Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  8. ↑ Brumback, Kate. "Judge changes but won't lift Ga. man's banishment". Associated Press. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  9. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  10. ↑ "Whitehead Bay, Echols County". Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  11. ↑ "Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission Interactive Mapping Experience". Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
  12. ↑ "County Totals Dataset: Population, Population Change and Estimated Components of Population Change: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  13. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  15. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  16. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  17. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  18. ↑ http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/13/13101.html
  19. 1 2 3 "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
  20. ↑ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
  21. ↑ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
  22. ↑ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-12-29.

External links

 Lanier County Clinch County
Lowndes County
  Echols County, Georgia  
Hamilton County, Florida Columbia County, Florida

Coordinates: 30°43′N 82°54′W / 30.72°N 82.90°W / 30.72; -82.90

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