Eastern Bengal Railway

Eastern Bengal Railway
Industry Railways
Founded 1857
Defunct 1942
Headquarters Calcutta, British India
Area served
 Bengal and Assam
Services Rail transport

Railways in British India[1]
"As a child of its era, the railway left an indelible mark on the 19th century developments in India. In a country of continental distances, it provided the foundation for modern economic expansion by facilitating the carriage of huge quantities of passengers and freight over very long distances at hitherto unparalleled speeds. During the early part of 20th century, in a growing economy with rapid increase in demand for mobility, railway development was sparked off at a pace similar if not more marked than in Western countries in the 19th century. Development and rapid expansion of railway network in British India served as the backbone for economic growth and industrial development in the post independence era."

The Eastern Bengal Railway (full name Eastern Bengal Railway Company, shortened EBR) was one of the pioneering railway companies that operated from 1857 to 1942, in Bengal and Assam provinces of British India.

History

Formation

The Eastern Bengal Railway Company was established with the objective of introduction of railway transport in eastern Bengal and even to move into Burma. The company was incorporated by United Kingdom Act of Parliament in August 1857. The operational area of Eastern Bengal Railway was to be the east bank of the Hooghly River, while East Indian Railway Company operated on the west bank of the river.[2][3]

Subsequent developments

The EBR was taken over by the Government of India in 1884 and renamed the Eastern Bengal State Railway. The Calcutta and South Eastern Railway was merged into it in 1887. In 1915, it reverted to its old name Eastern Bengal Railway. In 1941, the Bengal Dooars Railway was merged into Eastern Bengal Railway. In 1942, the Government of India merged Assam Bengal Railway with Eastern Bengal Railway to create Bengal and Assam Railway.[4]

Successors

After the partition of India in 1947 the broad-gauge portion of the Bengal and Assam Railway, lying in India was added to the East Indian Railway and the metre-gauge portion became the Assam Railway.[5][6]

On 14 April 1952, Assam Railway and the Oudh and Tirhut Railway were amalgamated to form the North Eastern Railway.[7] On the same day, the reorganized Sealdah division of the erstwhile Bengal Assam Railway (which was added to the East Indian Railway earlier) was amalgamated with the Eastern Railway.[8]

With the formation of the Northeast Frontier Railway on 15 January 1958, the portions of the erstwhile Eastern Bengal Railway that were in Assam and the Indian portion of North Bengal, came under its jurisdiction.[9]

The portion of the system which fell within the boundary of erstwhile East Pakistan was named as Eastern Bengal Railway. On 1 February 1961, Eastern Bengal Railway was renamed as Pakistan Railway and in 1962 it became Pakistan Eastern Railway.[10] With the emergence of Bangladesh, it became Bangladesh Railway.[3][6]

Lines

A switchback station loop on the East Bengal Railway, 1895. Photo by William Henry Jackson.

The first line of Eastern Bengal Railway was from Calcutta to Kushtia in 1862 (presently covered by Sealdah-Ranaghat Line, Ranaghat-Gede Line and Chilahati-Parbatipur-Santahar-Darshana Line). It was extended to Goalundo Ghat in 1865. By 1902, it was extended north to as far as Dhubri in Assam.[3]

The Eastern Bengal Railway, which operated east of the Hooghly, was linked with the East Indian Railway, which operated west of the river, when Jubilee Bridge, linking Bandel and Naihati, was opened in 1887. The Calcutta Chord Railway constructed the line from Dum Dum to Dankuni over the Willingdon Bridge in 1932. The bridge was later renamed Vivekananda Setu.[11]

Hindrance to free flow of water

In many parts of riverine eastern Bengal, with long stretches of low lands, the railways had to be built on embankments which hindered the free flow of water. In a brief case study of Eastern Bengal Railway it has been revealed that the water regime of the Rajshahi Division of present Bangladesh was destabilized by the way railway exposed itself to the Chalan Beel. From the beginning of the twentieth century the beel (pond or wetland) began to be bounded by the Calcutta-Siliguri Main Line on the west and by the Santahar-Bogra Line on the north. These lines affected feeding of the beel. Its drainage was affected by the Sirajganj Branch Line in the south-east.[12]

References

  1. ↑ "The story of Bengal Nagpur Railway (BNR) now South Eastern Railway". Anglo-India-Central. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
  2. ↑ "Eastern Bengal Railway". IRFCA. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  3. 1 2 3 Mukherjee, Hena (2012). "Eastern Bengal Railway". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  4. ↑ "Eastern Bengal Railway". fibis. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  5. ↑ Rao, M.A. (1988). Indian Railways, New Delhi: National Book Trust, p.39
  6. 1 2 "History". Northeast Frontier Railway. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
  7. ↑ Rao, M.A. (1988). Indian Railways, New Delhi: National Book Trust, pp.42-3
  8. ↑ "Engineering". Sealdah Division. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  9. ↑ "History". North East Frontier Railway. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  10. ↑ "History". Bangladesh. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  11. ↑ R.P. Saxena. "Indian Railway History timeline". IRFCA. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
  12. ↑ Khondker Iftekhar Iqbal. "Railways and the water regime of the Eastern Bengal Delta, c. 1905-1943: a reappraisal" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-02-10.
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