East Liverpool, Ohio

East Liverpool, Ohio
City

East Liverpool area (including nearby Chester, West Virginia), looking south.
Nickname(s): The Pottery Capital of the World
Motto: "City Of Action"

Location of East Liverpool, Ohio

Location of East Liverpool in Columbiana County
Coordinates: 40°37′43″N 80°34′9″W / 40.62861°N 80.56917°W / 40.62861; -80.56917Coordinates: 40°37′43″N 80°34′9″W / 40.62861°N 80.56917°W / 40.62861; -80.56917
Country United States
State Ohio
County Columbiana
Government
  Mayor Ryan Stovall
Area[1]
  Total 4.76 sq mi (12.33 km2)
  Land 4.56 sq mi (11.81 km2)
  Water 0.20 sq mi (0.52 km2)
Elevation[2] 768 ft (234 m)
Population (2010)[3]
  Total 11,195
  Estimate (2012[4]) 11,062
  Density 2,455.0/sq mi (947.9/km2)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC−5)
  Summer (DST) EDT (UTC−4)
ZIP code 43920
Area code 330, 234
FIPS code 39-23730[5]
GNIS feature ID 1061038[2]
Website http://www.eastliverpool.com/

East Liverpool is a city in Columbiana County, Ohio, United States. The population was 11,195 at the time of the 2010 census. It is located along the Ohio River and borders the states of Pennsylvania and West Virginia. East Liverpool is a major city in the Salem, OH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Columbiana County.

Historically it was referred to as the "Pottery Capital of the World" due to the large number of potteries in the city;[6][7] due to changes in the industry, now there are just three left in the area. The city is also known as the hometown of former University of Notre Dame and University of South Carolina football coach Lou Holtz. It was the destination for the body of bank robber Pretty Boy Floyd, brought here for embalming. The Beginning Point of the U.S. Public Land Survey is just east of the city center, on the OhioPennsylvania border.

History

East Liverpool traces its European-American settlement to 1798 when Thomas Fawcett purchased 1,100 acres of land along the Ohio River in what was then Jefferson County. In 1802 he platted the town of St. Clair, named for Arthur St. Clair, who at that time was Governor of the Northwest Territory.[8] It was called Fawcettstown for a time by the residents. In 1816, they changed the name to Liverpool. It was incorporated as East Liverpool in 1834 when Liverpool Township in Medina County objected to possible confusion.

The Hall China Company.

James Bennett, an English potter, established the pottery industry in East Liverpool, and it became the community's leading employer. East Liverpool became known as "The Crockery City." From 1870 through 1890, the US Census showed that the city more than doubled in population each decade, as it attracted new industrial workers with the growth of the pottery industry. By 1910, it had more than 20,000 people. East Liverpool once produced more than half of the United States's annual ceramics output. Throughout East Liverpool's ceramics history, there were more than 300 potteries.

Of these potteries, three continue to operate in this area: The Hall China Company, the Homer Laughlin China Company (located across the Ohio River in Newell, West Virginia), and Pioneer Pottery. In the mid-19th century, East Liverpool also produced most of the yellowware pottery used in the United States. Among the most famous of East Liverpool's ceramics was the porcelain known as Lotus Ware. Produced by Knowles, Taylor & Knowles in the 1890s, this Moorish- and Persian-influenced artware swept the competition at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago. It is generally considered to be the finest porcelain ever produced in the US. The Museum of Ceramics in downtown East Liverpool has the world's largest public display of Lotus Ware.

As of 1914, East Liverpool was served by the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad.[9]

The city reached its peak population of more than 26,000 in 1970, but East Liverpool's pottery industry had already begun its decline by the mid-1960s or so. As with other industries, production moved to developing countries where labor costs were cheaper. This cost many jobs and, ultimately, population in the Ohio/West Virginia area, as people moved away in search of work.

In the mid-1990s, the city renovated its downtown district. To improve its urban design, it installed Great Depression-era lightposts, developed a new center called Devon's Diamond, and reconstructed the old high school's clocktower. This building is now the home of the East Liverpool High School Alumni Association.

Areas and neighborhoods

Satellite communities

Though not located within the city limits, there are a few communities that share East Liverpool's 43920 ZIP code and have an East Liverpool mailing address. They are the census-designated places of Calcutta, Glenmoor and La Croft and the unincorporated community of Fredericktown.

Neighboring communities

In the bordering states of West Virginia and Pennsylvania, the communities of Chester and Newell, West Virginia and Glasgow, Pennsylvania developed and grew in relation to the growth of the pottery industry and expansion of East Liverpool in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Education

Primary and secondary

Children in East Liverpool (and immediate surrounding areas in Liverpool Township) are served by the East Liverpool City School District. The current schools in the district are:

The American Spirit Academy (formerly known as the East Liverpool Christian School, K-12) also serve area students, as well as an online school, Buckeye Online School for Success.

St. Aloysius School (K-8) was a Roman Catholic School in the Diocese of Youngstown. The school served the local community for 130 years. The school closed on June 6, 2015.

Postsecondary

Kent State University of Ohio opened a regional campus here in 1965, Kent State University at East Liverpool. It is located at 400 East 4th Street, in the old East Liverpool High School building. The center also uses the Mary Patterson Building located down the street. The Ohio Valley College of Technology in nearby Calcutta focuses on job training.

Transportation

Highways

Airports

Columbiana County Airport located four miles northwest of the city.

Bridges

Since the 1890s, East Liverpool and the West Virginia communities of Chester and Newell have been connected by three different bridges spanning the Ohio River.

Recreation

Golf course

Parks

There are two public parks located within East Liverpool city limits.

Additionally, Beaver Creek State Park is located outside the city limits but partially within the 43920 ZIP code area.

Athletics

Because of its size, East Liverpool has never had a major professional sports team. However, during the city's heyday, many semipro and company teams, and city and area leagues were thriving. Baseball, basketball and American football were all popular among residents, and games attracted many patrons. The semipro East Liverpool Potters basketball team of the Central Basketball League played in the city from 1906 to 1909. No semipro or company teams exist in the city today.

East Liverpool High School athletics have been consistently popular among students and residents in the past 100-plus years. All of the teams are known as the Potters. The school fields American football, baseball, basketball, bowling, cross country running, golf, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, track and field, volleyball and wrestling teams. Most of these teams have had team and/or individual successes in their existences. Athletic facilities include:

Media

Geography

Spliced panoramic photo of East Liverpool, Ohio, from the east, taken August 11, 2000.

East Liverpool is located at 40°37′43″N 80°34′9″W / 40.62861°N 80.56917°W / 40.62861; -80.56917 (40.628510, -80.569063).[13] It lies within the ecoregion of the Western Allegheny Plateau.[14]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.76 square miles (12.33 km2), of which 4.56 square miles (11.81 km2) is land and 0.20 square miles (0.52 km2) is water.[1]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop.
1830136
1840503269.9%
185098796.2%
18601,30832.5%
18702,10560.9%
18805,568164.5%
189010,95696.8%
190016,48550.5%
191020,38723.7%
192021,4115.0%
193023,3299.0%
194023,5551.0%
195024,2172.8%
196022,306−7.9%
197026,24317.6%
198016,517−37.1%
199013,654−17.3%
200013,089−4.1%
201011,195−14.5%
Est. 201510,846[15]−3.1%
Sources:[5][16][17][18]

2010 census

As of the census[3] of 2010, there were 11,195 people, 4,601 households, and 2,892 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,455.0 inhabitants per square mile (947.9/km2). There were 5,316 housing units at an average density of 1,165.8 per square mile (450.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.7% White, 4.6% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population.

There were 4,601 households of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.0% were married couples living together, 20.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.1% were non-families. 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.97.

The median age in the city was 37.6 years. 25.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24% were from 25 to 44; 26.5% were from 45 to 64; and 14.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.

2000 census

As of the census[5] of 2000, there were 13,089 people, 5,261 households, and 3,424 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,010.3 people per square mile (1,161.8/km²). There were 5,743 housing units at an average density of 1,320.8 per square mile (509.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 92.85% White, 4.81% African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.21% from other races, and 1.76% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.72% of the population.

There were 5,261 households out of which 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.5% were married couples living together, 16.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the city the population was spread out with 27.1% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 86.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $23,138, and the median income for a family was $27,500. Males had a median income of $27,346 versus $18,990 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,656. About 21.5% of families and 25.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35.2% of those under age 18 and 13.0% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

References

  1. 1 2 "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-01-24. Retrieved 2013-01-06.
  2. 1 2 "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  3. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2013-01-06.
  4. "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-06-17. Retrieved 2013-06-17.
  5. 1 2 3 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  6. Museum of Ceramics
  7. City of Easter Liverpool Website
  8. McCord, William B. (1905). History of Columbiana County, Ohio and Representative Citizens. Biographical Publishing Company. p. 286.
  9. Beach, Chandler B. and Frank Morton McMurry, editors (1914). The New Student's Reference Work. Chicago: F.E. Compton and Company. p. 577. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
  10. 1 2 3 Judith A Allison, Webmaster@eastliverpoolhistoricalsociety.org. "ELHistSoc – Memorable East Liverpool Dates". Eastliverpoolhistoricalsociety.org. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
  11. Archived August 22, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
  12. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  13. "Level III Ecoregions of Ohio". National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
  14. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  15. "Number of Inhabitants: Ohio" (PDF). 18th Census of the United States. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  16. "Ohio: Population and Housing Unit Counts" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
  17. "Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
  18. Hoover, Bob (December 28, 1991). "Turning the page on JFK". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. p. 16. Retrieved August 16, 2014.

Further reading

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