East-central Europe

East-Central Europe (de. Ostmitteleuropa, fr. Europe médiane) is the region between German-speaking Europe and Russia.[1][2] Those lands are described as situated “between two”: "between two worlds, between two stages, between two futures".[3] In the geopolitical sense, East-Central Europe can be considered alongside Western and Eastern Europe, as one of the “Three Europes”.[4]

The concept differs from that of Central and Eastern Europe in that it is based on criteria[5] whereby the states of Central and Eastern Europe belong to two different cultural[6][7][8] and economic circles.

Definitions

Oskar Halecki

Oskar Halecki, who distinguished four regions in Europe (Western, West Central, East Central and Eastern Europe) defined East-Central Europe as a region from Finland to Greece,[9] the eastern part of Central Europe, between Sweden, Germany, and Italy, on the one hand, and Turkey and Russia on the other.[10] According to Halecki, in the course of European history, a great variety of peoples in this region created their own independent states, sometimes quite large and powerful; in connection with Western Europe they developed their individual national cultures and contributed to the general progress of European civilization.[10]

Paul Robert Magocsi

East Central Europe according to Paul Robert Magocsi

Paul Robert Magocsi described this region in this work Historical Atlas of East Central Europe. He distinguished 3 main zones:

United Nations

United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) was set up to consider the technical problems of domestic standardization of geographical names. The Group is composed of experts from various linguistic/geographical divisions that have been established at the UN Conferences on the Standardization of Geographical Names.

Academic institutions

Other contributors

South-Eastern Europe is distinguished from the Balkans, defined as the region consisting of most of the countries in the Socialist Federative Republic of YugoslaviaBosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, plus Albania, Bulgaria, Romania and Greece.

Narrow definition

East-Central Europe is sometimes defined as eastern part of Central Europe [21][22] and is limited to member states of Visegrád Group - Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. This definition is close to the German concept of de:Ostmitteleuropa.

See also

Wikiquote has quotations related to: East/Central Europe

Further reading

References

  1. Palmer, Alan (1970)The Lands between: A History of East-Central Europe Since the Congress of Vienna, New York: Macmillan
  2. J. Kłoczowski (ed.), Central Europe Between East and West, Lublin 2005, ISBN 83-85854-86-X
  3. François Jarraud
  4. F. Braudel, Preface to Szucs J., Les trois Europes, Paris 1990
  5. I. Loucas, The New Geopolitics of Europe & The Black Sea Region, Naval Academy, UK National Defence Minister’s Staff, p. 8
  6. Huntington, Samuel P., The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1996 ISBN 0-684-84441-9
  7. Milan Kundera, The tragedy of Central Europe, New York Review of Books, 26 April 1984, pp.33-8
  8. Okey, Robin (1 January 1992). "Central Europe / Eastern Europe: Behind the Definitions". Past & Present (137): 102–133. doi:10.2307/650853 (inactive 2016-08-21). JSTOR 650853 via JSTOR.
  9. O. Halecki, The limits and divisions on European history, Sheed&Ward, New York 1950, p. 120
  10. 1 2 O. Halecki, Borderlands of Western Civilization: A History of East Central Europe, Fordham University (1952, 1980) (online)
  11. 1 2 3 4 "United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names". Linguistic/Geographical Divisions. UNGEGN. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
  12. J. Kłoczowski (ed.), Central Europe Between East and West, Lublin 2005, p. 9, ISBN 83-85854-86-X
  13. J. Kłoczowski (ed.), L'héritage historique de la Res Publica de Plusierus Nations, Lublin 2004, ISBN 83-85854-82-7
  14. J. Kłoczowski (ed.), Central Europe Between East and West, Lublin 2005, pp. 110-120, ISBN 83-85854-86-X
  15. http://erc.unesco.org/ong/en/directory/ONG_Desc_portal.asp?mode=gn&code=1222
  16. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001170/117035E.pdf
  17. "East Central European Center". Institute on East Central Europe at Columbia University. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  18. "ceem.fr - Le blog buzz de Ceem".
  19. M. Foucher (dir.), Fragments d’Europe – Atlas de l’Europe mediane et orientale, Paris, 1993, p. 60
  20. D. Calin, Final Report, NATO and the EU in the Balkans – a Comparison, Bucharest, 2003, p. 12, available at: http://www.nato.int/acad/fellow/01-03/calin.pdf
  21. J. Kim, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary: Recent Developments, CRS 1996, Federation of American Scientists on-line version
  22. J.Winiecki, East-Central Europe: A Regional Survey. The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia in 1993, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 46, No. 5 (1994), pp. 709-734
  23. http://www.defac.ac.uk/colleges/csrc/document-listings/special/Special/S43/S43.Pt2
  24. "Middle Europe: On the way home - Yaroslav Shimov".
  25. http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/catalogue/3303331280057/
  26. "Geopolitique de l'Europe. L'Union europeenne elargie a-t-elle les moyens de la puissance ? par Pierre Verluise".
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