Duke of Masovia

Dukes of Masovia in 1450

Duke of Masovia (Polish: Książę Mazowsza) was a title born by the sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth. In accordance with the last will and testament of Bolesław, upon his death his lands were divided into four to five hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków reserved for the eldest, who was to be High Duke of all Poland. This was known as the fragmentation of Poland. Subsequent developments lead to further splintering of the duchies.

The following is a list of all rulers of the Duchy of Masovia and its parts. Although not all incumbents listed here had titular rights to the title of Duke of Masovia, they are all listed as such for simplicity's sake.

Also take note that some of the dates are merely approximate and the ownership of certain lands might be disputed. Finally, this table does not include lands ruled by dukes of other parts of partitioned Poland or Wenceslaus II and Wenceslaus III.

Duchy of Masovia

Partitions of Masovia

The Duchy went through various border changes in the coming years, sometimes losing and sometimes gaining territory.

  Duchy of Masovia

1138-1233
Duchy of Masovia

In 1233, the Duchy of Kujavia emerged from Masovia.

  Duchy of Kujavia

1233-1313
Duchy of Masovia Duchy of Kujavia

In 1313, Masovia is divided in the Duchies of Płock, Czersk and Rawa.

  Duchy of Czersk   Duchy of Rawa   Duchy of Płock

1313-1327
Duchy of Kujavia Duchy of Rawa Duchy of Czersk Duchy of Płock

In 1327, Kujavia is annexed by Poland

1327-1349
Duchy of Rawa Duchy of Czersk Duchy of Płock

In 1349, Warsaw emerged form Czersk

  Duchy of Warsaw

1349-1434
Duchy of Rawa Duchy of Czersk Duchy of Warsaw Duchy of Płock

In 1434, Belz emerged form Płock,tobe annexed again in 1442

  Duchy of Belz

1434-1442
Duchy of Rawa Duchy of Czersk Duchy of Warsaw Duchy of Płock Duchy of Belz
1442-1462
Duchy of Rawa Duchy of Czersk Duchy of Warsaw Duchy of Płock

In 1462, Rawa is annexed to Poland. The same happens with Płock in 1495.

1462-1495
Duchy of Czersk Duchy of Warsaw

Konrad III reunites Czersk and Warsaw, to recreate the Duchy of Masovia, annexed by Poland in1526.

Dukes of Masovia


Piast Dynasty

RulerReignRuling PartNotes
Bolesław the Curly 1138-1173 Masovia Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland. Also Duke of Silesia and monarch of Poland.
Leszek I 1173-1186 Masovia Son of Bolesław the Curly.
Casimir the Just 1186-1194 Masovia Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland. Also monarch of Poland.
Leszek II the White 1194-1200 Masovia Son of Casimir the Just. Ruled jointly with his brother Conrad I. Also monarch of Poland.
Conrad I 1194-1247 Masovia Son of Casimir the Just. Ruled jointly with his brother Leszek II until 1200. Also monarch of Poland.
Casimir I 1233-1267 Kujavia Son of Conrad I. His father granted him with the Duchy of Kujavia in 1233. After his death, the duchy is divided in Inowrocław and Brześć Kujawski. As Brześć Kujawski was already annexed by the Teutonic Order since 1228, only the duchy of Inowrocław will be mentioned here.
Bolesław I 1247-1248 Masovia Son of Conrad I.
Siemowit I 1248-1262 Masovia Brother of Bolesław I.
Conrad II 1262-1294 Masovia
Siemomysł 1267-1271 Kujavia-Inowrocław Son of Casimir I. 1st time.
Bolesław the Pious 1271-1278 Kujavia-Inowrocław Ruled jointly with Leszek the Black since 1273.
Leszek I the Black 1273-1278 Kujavia-Inowrocław Ruled jointly with Boleslaus the Pious.
Siemomysł 1278-1287 Kujavia-Inowrocław Son of Casimir I. 2nd time.
Leszek II 1287-1314 Kujavia-Inowrocław Son of Siemomysl. Ruled jointly with his brothers Przemysł and Casimir II. 1st time
Przemysł 1287-1314 Kujavia-Inowrocław Son of Siemomysl. Ruled jointly with his brothers Leszek II and Casimir II. 1st time
Casimir II 1287-1314 Kujavia-Inowrocław Son of Siemomysl. Ruled jointly with his brothers Przemysł and Leszek II.
Bolesław II 1294-1313 Masovia Divided the Duchy among his sons.
Trojden I 1313-1341 Czersk First ruler of Czersk. Son of Boleslaus II.
Leszek II 1314-1324 Kujavia-Inowrocław Ruled alone. 2nd time
Siemowit II 1313-1345 Rawa First ruler of Rawa. Son of Boleslaus II.
Wenceslaus I 1313-1336 Płock First ruler of Płock. Son of Boleslaus II.
Przemysł 1324-1327 Kujavia-Inowrocław Ruled alone. 2nd time. In 1327, Kuyavia is annexed by the Kingdom of Poland.
Bolesław III 1336-1351 Płock Son of Wenceslaus. In 1351 Płock was annexed by the Kingdom of Poland.
Casimir I 1341-1349 Czersk Son of Trojden I. Also duke of Warsaw and Rawa.
Casimir I 1345-1349 Rawa Also duke of Czersk and Warsaw.
Casimir I 1349-1355 Warsaw First duke of Warsaw.
Siemowit III 1349-1370 Czersk Brother of Casimir I. Also duke in Rawa and Warsaw.
Siemowit III 1355-1370 Rawa Also Duke in Czersk and Warsaw.
Siemowit III 1349-1370 Warsaw Also duke in Rawa and Czersk.
Siemowit III 1370-1381 Masovia Brought Płock from Poland in 1370, reuniting the duchy of Masovia, but after his death it was divided between his sons Janusz I and Siemowit IV.
Janusz I 1381-1429 Warsaw son of Siemowit III, since 1386 hereditary vassal of Poland, after 1391 Duke of Podlasie. Although the division, the duchy of Czersk remained annexed to the duchy of Warsaw.
Siemowit IV 1381-1426 Płock Son of Siemowit III. Although the division, the duchy of Rawa remained annexed to the duchy of Płock. Since 1386, hereditary vassal of Poland, and, although having lost much of his domain to the Teutonic Order in 1382 (Wizna, Zawkrze, Płońsk), he gained other duchies (Bełz) from Poland.
Trojden II 1426-1427 Płock Son of Siemowit IV. Ruled jointy with his brothers Casimir II, Władysław I, and Siemowit V.
Władysław I 1426-1455 Płock Son of Siemowit IV. Ruled jointy with his brothers Casimir II, Trojden II, and Siemowit V until 1434
Casimir II 1426-1434 Płock Son of Siemowit IV. Ruled jointy with his brothers Trojden II, Władysław I, and Siemowit V.
Siemowit V 1426-1434 Płock Son of Siemowit IV. Ruled jointy with his brothers Casimir II, Władysław I, and Trojden II. Also duke of Rawa.
Bolesław IV 1429-1454 Warsaw Until 1436 regency of his mother, Anna Feodorovna, between 1440 and 1444 only as Duke of Podlasie
Casimir II 1434-1442 Bełz In 1434 Bełz emerged from Płock, to be annexed again in 1442.
Siemowit V 1434-1442 Rawa In his reign Rawa had a briefperiod of independence, but after his death, Rawa rejoined Płock.
Bolesław V 1454-1488 Warsaw Son of Bolesław IV. Ruled jointly with his brothers Conrad III, Casimir III and Janusz II, until 1471. In this year, Boleslaus V loses Czersk for his brother Conrad the Red.
Conrad III the Red 1462-1471 Warsaw Son of Boleslaus IV. Ruled jointly with his brothers Conrad III, Casimir III and Janusz II.
Casimir III 1462-1471 Warsaw Son of Boleslaus IV. Ruled jointly with his brothers Conrad III, Casimir III and Janusz II.
Janusz II 1462-1471 Warsaw Son of Boleslaus IV. Ruled jointly with his brothers Conrad III, Casimir III and Janusz II.
Siemowit VI 1455-1462 Płock Son of Władysław I. Ruled jointy with his brother Władysław II.
Władysław II 1455-1462 Płock Son of Władysław I. Ruled jointy with his brother Siemowit VI.
Conrad III the Red 1462-1471 Płock
Casimir III 1471-1475 Płock
Janusz II 1475-1495 Płock In 1495 Płock is annexed by the Kingdom of Poland.
Conrad III the Red 1471/1488/1495-1503 Masovia Reunited the duchies which remained independent (Czersk and Warsaw, gained between 1471 and 1488) to recreate the Duchy of Masovia, in 1495.
Stanisław I 1503-1526 Masovia Ruled jointly with his brother Janusz III.
Janusz III 1503-1526 Masovia Ruled jointly with his brother Stanisław I.
Anna 1526 Masovia The last Masovian Piast. Sister of Stanislaus and Janusz III. Anna was elected duchess by the nobles to maintain the independence of the Duchy. It was unsuccessful, because, in the same year, Masovia was annexed to the Kingdom of Poland.

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