National Day of the Republic of China

National Day of the Republic of China

A symbol often seen during Double Ten Day (it is the combination of two characters for "10" (十)
Also called Double Tenth Day, Double Ten Day
Observed by  Republic of China
Type Historical, cultural, nationalist
Celebrations festivities, including fireworks and concerts
Date October 10
Next time 10 October 2017 (2017-10-10)
Frequency annual

The National Day of Taiwan, the Republic of China (Chinese: 國慶日; pinyin: Guóqìng Rì; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄖˋ[1]), also referred to as Double Ten Day or Double Tenth Day[2] (Chinese: ; pinyin: Shuāngshíjié; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄕㄨㄤˉ ㄕˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ), is the national day of the Republic of China (ROC). It commemorates the start of the Wuchang Uprising of October 10, 1911 (10-10 or double ten), which led to the collapse of the Qing Dynasty in China and establishment of the ROC on January 1, 1912.

As a result of the Chinese Civil War, the government of the Republic of China lost control of mainland China and relocated to Taiwan in December 1949. National Day is now mainly celebrated in Taiwan, but is also celebrated by some overseas Chinese.

Celebration in Taiwan

Generalissimo and former ROC President Chiang Kai-shek presiding over the 1966 Double Ten celebrations.

During the establishment of the ROC, Taiwan was under Japanese rule, which began in 1895. In 1945, after surrender of the Empire of Japan in World War II, Taiwan was placed under the control of the ROC.

In Taiwan, the official celebration begins with the raising of the flag of the Republic of China in front of the Presidential Building, along with a public singing of the National Anthem of the Republic of China. It is then followed by celebrations in front of the Presidential Building; from time to time, a military parade may occur. Festivities also include many aspects of traditional Chinese and/or Taiwanese culture, such as the lion dance and drum teams, and cultural features coming from Taiwanese aborigines are integrated into the display in recent years. Later in the day, the President of the Republic of China would address the country and fireworks displays are held throughout the major cities of the island. In 2009, all government sponsored festivities for the Double Ten Day were cancelled, and the money intended for the festivals (NT$ 70 million) were reallocated for reconstruction of the damage done by Typhoon Morakot.

National Day Military Parade

The 1950 Double Ten celebration.
Students holding Sun Yatsen placards during the 1965 Double Ten celebration.
Republic of China Army Tanks in front to the Presidential Office during the 1966 Double Ten celebration.
Ma Ying-jeou during the 2010 Double Ten celebration.
Cadets from the ROC Military Academy on march during the 2011 Double Ten celebration.

In the past, the Republic of China Armed Forces has traditionally put on a military parade. During this parade, troops and equipment are marched past a reviewing platform in front of the Presidential Building. Typically, foreign ambassadors, military officers, and other representatives and dignitaries are invited to view the parade.

The parade has been held intermittently during the period of the Republic of China on Taiwan. The military parade on October 10, 1949 was the first public military parade held in Taiwan with Chen Cheng serving as the Grand Review Officer. The 1964 National Day parade was struck by tragedy when a low flying airforce F-104 Starfighter fighter aircraft struck a Broadcasting Corporation of China tower, causing the plane's fuel tank to fall and kill three people including a woman and her baby in front of the Central Weather Bureau building in downtown Taipei. The other two remaining F-104 aircraft were ordered to look for the crashed aircraft and accidentally collided and crashed in Tucheng City, Taipei County (now New Taipei City) killing both pilots. The parade was not held again until 1971 (the 60th anniversary), while the mobile column and flypast segments returned in 1975. When Chen Shui-bian became President, the parade was not held until 2007 and then it was entitled a "Celebration Drill" and not a traditional military parade. Since Ma Ying-jeou became president, one parade has been held on the centenary celebrations of the Double Tenth Day.

The tradition of shouting Long Live the Republic of China!( "Zhonghua Mingguo Wansui!" (中华民国万岁))at the end of the addresses of the President of the Republic of China was not held for the first time in 2016, also the very year that fire and police services joined the parade for the first time in history breaking a tradition of a purely military parade to include personnel from civil uniformed services.

List of Republic of China National Day Parades

Parade Year Exercise Name Grand Review Officer Venue Parade Commander Number of Troops Remarks
2016 Tsai Ing-wen Taipei 2,500+
2011 Ma Ying-jeou Taipei 1,000+ The centennial event featured a skydiving show of 12 paratroopers of the Army Airborne Training Center above the plaza in front of the Presidential Office.[3] Military parade involving 1,000+ personnel, 71 aircraft and 168 vehicles.[4] On the part of the ground troops only the ROCAF Honor Guard Battalion and the ROCAF Composite Headquarters Band joined the parade on behalf of the armed forces.
2007 同慶操演 Chen Shui-bian Taipei Wu Sihuai 3,000 Exhibitions presented on national defense, non-traditional military parade
1991 華統演習 Lee Teng-hui Taipei Ro Wenshan 12,566 ROC Eightieth Anniversary

(Part 1) (Part 2) (Part 3) (Part 4)

1988 光武演習 Lee Teng-hui Taipei Chen Tingchong 13,166 ROC Seventy-Seventh Anniversary

(Part 1) (Part 2) (Part 3) (Part 4)

1987 Chiang Ching-kuo Taipei It was the last military parade held during Chiang Ching-kuo's administration. It was held on October 11, the day after the Double Ten Day celebrations due to Chiang's ailing condition.
(Also the first since the abolition of Martial Law in Taiwan earlier that July.)
1986 Chiang Ching-kuo Taipei ROC Seventy-Fifth Anniversary (Diamond Jubilee)
1982 Chiang Ching-kuo Taipei
1981 漢武演習 Chiang Ching-kuo Taipei Hsu Li-nung 11,966 ROC Seventieth Anniversary

(Part 1) (Part 2) (Part 3) (Part 4) (Part 5) (Part 6)

1980 Chiang Ching-kuo Taipei
1978 漢威演習 Chiang Ching-kuo Taipei Chiang Chung-ling
1975 大漢演習 Yen Chia-kan Taipei Zhang Jiajun
1964 興漢演習 Chiang Kai-shek Taipei Hau Pei-tsun Two F-104 aircraft collided after an air formation, killing both pilots
1963 復漢演習 Chiang Kai-shek Taipei Yuan Guo-Zheng 15,370
1961 復興演習 Chiang Kai-shek Taipei Cheng Wei-yuan ROC Fiftieth Anniversary (Golden Jubilee)
1960 鼎興演習 Chiang Kai-shek Taipei Chu Yuan-Cong
1957 中興演習 Chiang Kai-shek Taipei Hu Xin 12,000
1956 光復演習 Chiang Kai-shek Taipei Liu Dinghan 21,500
1955 光華演習 Chiang Kai-shek Taipei Cheng Wei-yuan
1954 n/a Chiang Kai-shek Taipei Xu Rucheng Artillery battle underway in Quemoy. Flyby aircraft requisitioned for defense of Quemoy.
1953 n/a Chiang Kai-shek Taipei Zhou Yuhuan 19,000
1952 復華演習 Chiang Kai-shek Taipei Tang Shou-chi 10,046
1951 n/a Chiang Kai-shek Taipei Ai Ai ROC Fortieth Anniversary
1949 n/a Chen Cheng Taipei Unknown First military parade held in Taiwan under the control of the Republic of China.

Celebration outside of Taiwan

Other countries

Banners and flags hanging in Montreal's Chinatown in celebration for the 100th National Day

Overseas Chinese played a key role in the birth of the ROC since the nation’s founding father Sun Yat-sen, a medical doctor by training, received financial support mainly from the overseas Chinese communities abroad to overthrow the imperial Qing dynasty and establish the second republic in Asia in 1912. Outside of Taiwan, the National Day is also celebrated by many Overseas Chinese communities. Sizable National Day parades occur yearly in the Chinatowns of San Francisco and Chicago.

Hong Kong

2012 Double Ten Day Celebration in Hong Kong.
2015 celebration in a school in Hong Kong

The ROC National Day was a public holiday in Hong Kong until the government of the United Kingdom cut its diplomatic ties with the ROC Government, and it was cancelled.[5] After the civil war in mainland China, the National Day was celebrated in regions inhabited by Chinese patriots who remained loyal to the Republic, such as Tiu Keng Leng. Before the sovereignty of Hong Kong was transferred to the PRC in 1997, many ROC supporters there would display patriotic and colorful flags (mainly the national flag of ROC) to celebrate the National Day. Taiwan agencies such as the Kwang Hwa Information and Cultural Center in Hong Kong have annually held a public ceremony to celebrate the National Day of ROC with members of pro-ROC private groups.[6] The day continues to be celebrated in Hong Kong after the transfer of sovereignty to the mainland, but the national flags publicly shown have been removed by Police of Hong Kong ever since July 1997.[7] Flag-raising ceremony at Hung Lau, Tuen Mun, Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary base, is the most noticeable event.

Mainland China

As the Communist Party of China seized control of mainland China in 1949, October 10 is now celebrated in the People's Republic of China as the anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution and the Wuchang Uprising.

See also

References

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