Bulgarian dialects

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Bulgarian dialects (Bulgarian: български диалекти, balgarski dialekti, also български говори, balgarski govori or български наречия, balgarski narechiya) are the regional spoken varieties of the Bulgarian language, a South Slavic language. Bulgarian dialectology dates to the 1830s and the pioneering work of Neofit Rilski, Bolgarska gramatika (published 1835 in Kragujevac, Serbia, then Ottoman Empire). Other notable researchers in this field include Marin Drinov, Konstantin Josef Jireček, Lyubomir Miletich, Aleksandar Teodorov-Balan, Stoyko Stoykov.

Bulgarian dialects are part of the South Slavic dialect continuum, linked with Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian to the west and bordering Albanian, Greek and Turkish to the south, and Romanian to the north.

The dialects of Macedonian were for the most part classified as part of Bulgarian in the older literature.[1][2][3][4][5][6] The Bulgarian linguistics continue to treat it as such in.[7][8][9] Since the second half of the 20th century, foreign authors have mostly adopted the convention of treating these in terms of a separate Macedonian language, following the codification of Macedonian as the literary standard language of Yugoslav Macedonia.[10] However, some contemporary linguists still consider Macedonian as a dialect of Bulgarian.[11][12][13] Macedonian authors in turn tend to treat all dialects spoken in the geographical region of Macedonia as Macedonian, including those spoken in Bulgarian Macedonia.[14] The present article treats all these dialects together, because of their close structural similarity and the fact that many important dialect boundaries intersect both territories.

The main isogloss separating the Bulgarian dialects into Eastern and Western is the yat border, marking the different mutations of the Old Bulgarian yat form (ѣ, *ě), pronounced as either /ʲa/ or /ɛ/ to the east (byal, but plural beli, "white") and strictly as /ɛ/ to the west of it (bel, plural beli). In order to avoid political issues, many linguists use interchangeably Western Bulgarian and Macedonian in national and geographical contexts, respectively; however, this is not precise because Western Bulgarian dialects include also non-Macedonian dialects while some dialects in the region of Macedonia (Drama-Ser, Solun, and Korca dialects) are classified as Eastern Bulgarian on the basis of the yat vowel.[7][15]

The same diversity of phonetic characteristics of the big yus (*ǫ) isoglosses on the left image, other than "u" or "o", are to be found in Eastern South Slavic and Lechitic dialects. The official Bulgarian phonetic pronunciation "ã" is also. shared with Kashubian. The official Macedonian pronunciation of "a" was used in Medieval Polish. The modern official Polish is in number of vaieties such as "om" as preserved in the Kostur dialect or "e" as in Varna dialect.

Bulgarian dialects can be divided into the following dialectal groups and individual dialects:[16]

Eastern Bulgarian dialects:

Western Bulgarian dialects:

Among the traditional diaspora:

Map of the Bulgarian dialects within Bulgaria
The yat (*ě) split in the Bulgarian language.
Map of the big yus (*ǫ) isoglosses in Eastern South Slavic and eastern Torlakian according to the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences' atlas from 2001.[30] Pronunciation of man and tooth on the map: 1. [mɤʃ], [zɤp] (see зъб and ząb)
2. [maʃ], [zap] (see заб)
3. [muʃ], [zup] (see зуб and zub)
4. /mɒʃ/, /zɒp/
5. [mɔʃ], [zɔp] (see zob)
6. /mæʃ/, /zæp/ (see mężczyzna)
7. [mɤmʃ], [zɤmp]
8. [mamʃ], [zamp]
9. /mɒmʃ/, /zɒmp/ (see ząb)

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Mazon, Andre. Contes Slaves de la Macédoine Sud-Occidentale: Etude linguistique; textes et traduction; Notes de Folklore, Paris 1923, p. 4.
  2. ↑ Селищев, Афанасий. Избранные труды, Москва 1968.
  3. ↑ Max Vasmer Die Slaven in Griechenland. Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1941. Kap. VI: Allgemeines und sprachliche Stellung der Slaven Griechenlands.
  4. ↑ K. Sandfeld, Balkanfilologien (København, 1926, MCMXXVI).
  5. ↑ Konstantin Josef Jireček, Die Balkanvölker und ihre kulturellen und politischen Bestrebungen, Urania, II, Jg. 13, 27. März 1909, p. 195.
  6. ↑ Stefan Verković, Описание быта македонских болгар; Топографическо-этнографический очерк Македонии (Петербург, 1889).
  7. 1 2 Стойков (Stoykov), Стойко (2002) [1962]. Българска диалектология (Bulgarian dialectology) (in Bulgarian). София: Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов". ISBN 954-430-846-6. OCLC 53429452.
  8. ↑ Institute of Bulgarian Language (1978). Единството на българския език в миналото и днес (in Bulgarian). Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. p. 4. OCLC 6430481.
  9. ↑ Шклифов, Благой. Речник на костурския говор, Българска диалектология, София 1977, с. кн. VІІІ, с. 201–205.
  10. ↑ Friedman, Victor (2001). "Macedonian". In Garry, Jane; Rubino, Carl. Facts about the World's Languages: an Encyclopedia of the World's Major Languages, Past and Present. New York: Holt. pp. 435–439.
  11. ↑ Who are the Macedonians?, Hugh Poulton, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000, ISBN 1-85065-534-0,p. 116.
  12. ↑ When languages collide: perspectives on language conflict, language competition, and language coexistence, Brian D. Joseph, Ohio State University Press, 2003, p. 281 ISBN 0-8142-0913-0.
  13. ↑ Language profile Macedonian, UCLA International Institute
  14. ↑ isp. Большaя Советская Энциклопедия, tom. 37, Moskva 1938, р 743–744)
  15. ↑ Mazon, A. Documents, contes et chansons slaves de l’Albanie du sud. Paris, 1936, 462 p.
  16. ↑ Per Stoykov.
  17. 1 2 3 Bulgarian dialectology, p. 170
  18. ↑ Bulgarian dialectology, p. 171
  19. ↑ Bulgarian dialectology, p. 172
  20. ↑ Bulgarian dialectology, p. 173
  21. ↑ Bulgarian dialectology, p. 174
  22. ↑ Bulgarian dialectology, p. 175
  23. ↑ Bulgarian dialectology, p. 176
  24. ↑ Bulgarian dialectology, p. 179
  25. ↑ Bulgarian dialectology, p. 180
  26. ↑ Bulgarian dialectology, p. 181
  27. ↑ Bulgarian dialectology, p. 182
  28. ↑ Bulgarian dialectology, p. 183
  29. ↑ Bulgarian dialectology, p. 184
  30. ↑ Кочев (Kochev), Иван (Ivan) (2001). Български диалектен атлас (Bulgarian dialect atlas) (in Bulgarian). София: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. ISBN 954-90344-1-0. OCLC 48368312.

References

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