DB Class 103

Deutsche Bundesbahn Baureihe 103

DB class 103 in Bremen-Hemelingen on 1984-07-11
Type and origin
Power type Electric
Builder
Build date
  • Prototype: 1965
  • Production: 1970–1973
Total produced
  • Prototype: 4
  • Production: 145
Specifications
UIC class Co′Co′
Gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 12 in)
Length 19.50 m (64 ft 0 in)
20.20 m (66 ft 3 in) last 30
Loco weight
  • Prototype: 112 t (110 long tons; 123 short tons)
  • Production: 114 t (112 long tons; 126 short tons)
Electric system(s) 15 kV 16⅔ Hz Catenary
Current collection Pantograph
Traction motors Six
Loco brake KE-GPR, electric brakes
Train brakes Air
Safety systems Sifa, LZB
Performance figures
Maximum speed 200 km/h (124 mph)
265 km/h (165 mph) 103 118
280 km/h (174 mph) 103 003+222
Power output
  • Prototype: 5,950 kW (7,980 hp)
  • Production: 7,440 kW (9,980 hp)
Tractive effort
  • Prototype: 314 kN (71,000 lbf)
  • Production: 312 kN (70,000 lbf)
Career
Operators
  • Deutsche Bundesbahn
  • Deutsche Bahn AG
Class Baureihe 103
Withdrawn 2003

The Baureihe 103 is a class of electric locomotives in Germany, originally operated by Deutsche Bundesbahn. For a long period, they were perceived as flagships of the DB rolling stock.

Development

In the decades following World War II, the Deutsche Bundesbahn focused on purchasing a large number of standardised electric locomotives. The goal was to promote the electrification program and to replace older types of electric locomotives. A maximum speed of 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph) was deemed sufficient. With growing economic prosperity, competition with other means of transportation, especially automobiles, was increasing.

During the 1950s, plans were made to enhance pre-war Class E 19 locomotives to have a top speed of 180 kilometres per hour (110 mph), but the technical layout was out-dated and the braking system was deemed inefficient. The plans were revised to demand a top speed of 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph), combined with a Co'Co' wheel arrangement to limit the axle load to 18 tons. Elements of the new class, such as high speed bogies, were tested with existing Class E 10 units.

Prototypes

E03 001 during a locomotive parade at the DB Museum, Koblenz, May 2006

Four prototypes were finished in 1965. They were introduced to the public at the Internationale Verkehrsausstellung (international transport fair) in Munich in June 1965 as Class E 03 (Class 103.0 after the introduction of the new numbering system). During exhibition runs to Augsburg they reached 200 km/h on a regular basis. The experience gained on these occasions indicated that the installed power of 5,950 kW or 7,980 hp (continuous — 6,420 kW or 8,610 hp one hour) was insufficient. In addition to stronger motors the transformer was also reinforced for serial production.

Serial Type

The first serial type Class 103.1 was put into service 27. May 1970. DB planned to introduce a new Intercity system with fast first class connections between major cities in autumn of 1971, so the specification sheet demanded Class 103.1 to be capable of pulling a 400-tonne (390-long-ton; 440-short-ton) train at 200 km/h (120 mph). With a total number of 145 units Class 103.1 became the backbone of German Trans Europ Express and InterCity lines. Starting with 103 216, the locomotive body was extended by 700 mm (27.6 in) in order to provide more space in the driver's cab.

In addition to the usual Sifa and PZB, Class 103 was also equipped with the LZB as an additional train safety system for speed in excess of 160 km/h (99 mph). The so-called Automatische Fahr- und Bremssteuerung (AFB) (automatic speed and brake control) automatically kept the train's speed constant at any chosen speed.[1]

Service

With inauguration of the new InterCity system only few lines' construction was enhanced for a top speed of 200 km/h (120 mph), and the necessary government approvals for speeds higher than 160 km/h (99 mph) was also missing. Therefore, Class 103 in the first years did not reach its top speed in regular service. An accident furthermore delayed the introduction of regular top speed services, as on 21 July 1971 the AFB on 103 106 was suspected to be responsible for accelerating the train out of control, resulting in a derailment with 23 dead and 121 injured.

In 1979, a second class was added to the InterCity system, which became widely popular. By that time the top speed of 200 km/h (120 mph) was permitted on lines with the necessary features, and the technical problems had been overcome. Now the major challenge for Class 103 was to pull the heavy 600-tonne (590-long-ton; 660-short-ton) trains at these high speeds.

Until 1987 (introduction of class 120), Class 103 had a near monopoly for high speed trains in Germany. By the early 1990s, the intensive utilisation resulted in an increasing number of defects. This tendency was intensified by the fact that DB significantly cut back on maintenance.

With the first InterCityExpress commencing service in 1991, Class 103 was no longer DB's flagship. Considering wear and tear, DB decided to replace these locomotives with the new Class 101, which entered service in 1996. In the following years, Class 103 was relegated to lesser duties, but the locomotive had not been designed for frequent stops, so wear increased at an even quicker pace. After a brief comeback in 1998, when all InterCityExpress units were temporarily taken out of service after the Eschede train disaster, the remaining Class 103 units were retired from regular service by 2003. However, on 19 March 2013, these preserved iconic Class 103 locomotives returned to daily services from Munich, wearing their original Inter City livery. Nuremberg-based No. 103245 hauled train IC2201 from Nuremberg HBf with OBB Class 1116 134. Frankfurt based Class 103s are also now scheduled to work IC118 Stuttgart to Munster, IC2099 Frankfurt HBf to Stuttgart, IC 2316 Stuttgart to Wiesbaden and LR78688 Wiesbaden to Frankfurt HBf. [2]

Statistics

References

Notes

  1. "E 10 für Tempo 200" (in German), Baureihe E 10 – Eisenbahn Journal Special Ausgabe 02/2006: pp. 38, ISBN 3-89610-166-8
  2. Railway Herald, Issue 355
  3. "The Queen of German Electrics: Re-tooled class 103 from Roco".

Bibliography

  • Dostal, Michael (2013). Baureihe 103: Die erste Schnellfahr-Locomotive der Bundesbahn [Class 103: the first high speed locomotive of the Bundesbahn] (in German). München: GeraMond. ISBN 9783956130038. 
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