Condado de Treviño

Condado de Treviño, Spain

Seal
Nickname(s): Treviño
Coordinates: ES 42°44′5″N 2°44′50″W / 42.73472°N 2.74722°W / 42.73472; -2.74722
Country Spain
Autonomous community Castile and León
Province Burgos
Enclave Enclave of Treviño
Municipality Condado de Treviño
Government
  Mayor (Alcalde) Ernesto Argote (CDC)
AreaINE
  Total 260.71 km2 (100.66 sq mi)
Elevation 552 m (1,811 ft)
Population (2015)
  Total 1,362
  Density 5.49/km2 (14.2/sq mi)
  Demonym treviñeses
  INE
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
  Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 09215/09216/09217/09294
Patron saint Saint Formerio

Condado de Treviño ("County of Treviño") is a municipality in the province of Burgos, autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. This municipality and the geographically smaller La Puebla de Arganzón make up the enclave of Treviño. Although the enclave is part of Burgos (and, hence, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León) it is surrounded by the province of Álava, part of the autonomous community of the Basque Country.

As of 2015, the municipality has a population of 1,362.[1]

History

Treviño as an exclave of the province of Burgos.
The white area in this map of Álava is the exclave.

An abundance of prehistoric remains testify that the Condado de Treviño has been inhabited since ancient times. In pre-Roman times, the Varduls, Caristios and Autrigones all lived here at one time or another, attesting to the region's strategic importance.

In the hamlet of Laño one can still see artificial caves that were inhabited by hermits more than 1500 years ago. The Las Gobas caves preserve inscriptions and drawings of animals.[2]

Treviño, the capital of Condado de Treviño was founded some time between 1151 and 1161 by Navarrese king Sancho VI ("Sancho El Sabio", "Sancho the Wise"). In 1200 it was conquered by Alfonso VIII of Castile.

As a crossroads in the Middle Ages, the city of Treviño had an important Jewish quarter. Another early village was Sáseta on the Camino del Vino y el Pescado, the "road of wine and fish" that connected the Ebro valley to the Cantabrian coast.

On 8 April 1366, Henry II of Castile ceded to Pedro Manrique I de Lara, for services rendered, a seigneury consisting of Treviño de Uda and its outlying villages. In 1453 it became the Condado de Treviño as Gómez Manrique, the great-grandson of Pedro Manrique was given the title of Count. The Catholic Monarchs would later (in 1483) grant the title of Duke of Nájera to Gómez Manrique's son Pedro Manrique de Lara, a title that continues in the family down to the present day. In the 16th century these Counts of Treviño, Dukes de Nájera, would build a palace at Treviño, which is now the ayuntamiento (town hall) of the municipality.

The old route of the Autovía del Norte (Nacional I) passing through Treviño.

Under the 1785 territorial disposition by the Count of Floridablanca, the Condado de Treviño formed part of the partido de Miranda de Ebro; it was divided into the town of Treviño and four cuadrillas: the Cuadrilla de Abajo, the Cuadrilla de río Somoayuda, Cuadrilla de Val de Lauri and the Cuadrilla de Val de Tobera.

The enclave

After Castile conquered Álava (1200), most of the region was left under the relatively egalitarian fueros typical of the Basque Country. Treviño was not. However, reportedly Treviño was annexed to Castile somewhat later after the fall of Vitoria-Gasteiz. First a royal seigneury, and later under the rule of a noble family, Treviño remained tied to Castile. In 1358 and 1417 Treviño joined the fraternities made up of several towns in the heartland and fringes of Álava, the core of the present-day province. However, the Castilian king, failing to honour his oaths, assigned Treviño to the Manrique de Lara aristocrats, to become to counts of Treviño (County in 1453).

The county made several petitions for its reincorporation to Álava. The first took place in 1646, led by the members and representatives of the local council backed up by 390 supportive signatures (households) from 44 spots all across the county, when the petition was turned down by the Crown of Castile and probably the count. The enclave of Treviño was one of the few enclaves preserved in the 1833 territorial division of Spain, an island of Old Castile in the midst of Álava. Two further attempts ensued for the re-incorporation to Álava before the Civil War, 1917–19 and 1936, both within the context of the works to design a Basque statute of autonomy.

In 1998 a referendum was held to poll its inhabitants on the possible attachment of the county to the province of Álava. The votation resulted in a turnout of 76% with a 68% advocating to join Álava. A like referendum was held first time in 1940 just after the civil war, with a 98% of the voters supporting the same option, which nowadays is backed primarily, but not only, by Basque nationalists. The Regional Council of Castile and León has opposed in modern times any such popular consultations on the matter or any binding effect of its results.

Politics

The municipal elections of 2007 in the Condado de Treviño gave five council seats to the right-of center People's Party, four to the local Agrupación Electoral Independiente del Condado de Treviño, one to the left-of-center Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and one to the Basque nationalist Eusko Abertzale Ekintza.

Demography

Añastro, Pariza and the above-mentioned Sáseta were once independent municipalities. Beginning with the 1857 census, the figures for the municipality of Condado de Treviño incorporate Pariza and Sáseta; beginning with the census of 1930 it incorporates Añastro as well. The adjacent La Puebla de Arganzón forms part of the same enclave, but remains a municipality in its own right.

Demographic evolution 1842–1920
1842 1857 1860 1877 1887 1897 1900 1910 1920
1940 4440 4393 3865 3801 3684 3701 3622 3694
Demographic evolution 1930–2008
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1981 1991 2001 2008
3946 3729 3554 2926 2182 1346 907 1139 1399

Hamlets and towns

As can be seen from the numbers in the previous section, throughout most of the second half of the 20th century the population of Condado de Treviño declined steadily. Most of the population was moving to Vitoria, and in 1974 several pedanías—hamlets—ceased to have any formal existence and were simply aggregated into Treviño. The following juntas vecinales—local governments—were dissolved that year: Ajarte, Araico, Ascarza, Burgueta, Dordóniz, Grandival, Meana, Mesanza, Moscador, Pedruzo, Samiano, San Martín de Galvarín, San Vicentejo, Sáseta, and Zurbitu.

As of 2008 there are 36 entidades locales menores ("small local entities"), the status within the autonomous community of Castile and León for a recognized community smaller than a municipality. They are as follows:[3]

  • Aguillo
  • Albaina
  • Añastro
  • Argote
  • Armentia
  • Arrieta (Burgos)
  • Ascarza
  • Bajauri
  • Burgueta
  • Busto de Treviño
  • Cucho
  • Dordóniz
  • Doroño
  • Franco
  • Fuidio
  • Golernio
  • Grandival
  • Imiruri
  • Laño
  • Marauri
  • Muergas
  • Obécuri
  • Ocilla y Ladrera
  • Ogueta
  • Ozana
  • Pangua
  • Pariza
  • Samiano
  • San Martín de Zar
  • San Vicentejo
  • Saraso
  • Taravero
  • Torre
  • Treviño
  • Uzquiano
  • Villanueva Tobera

In addition, the following hamlets have no formal status:

  • Ajarte
  • Araico
  • Arana
  • Caricedo
  • Meana
  • Mesanza
  • Moraza
  • Moscador de Treviño
  • Ochate
  • Pedruzo
  • San Esteban
  • San Martín de Galvarín
  • Sáseta
  • Uralde
  • Zurbitu

Heritage sites and other places of interest

View of Treviño, the capital of the municipality.

Four sites within Condado de Treviño are formally recognized by the Spanish Ministry of Culture as part of Spain's Patrimonio Histórico (literally "historic patrimony", heritage sites):

Source:[4]

Other places of interest include the forests of Obécuri and Bajauri; Izki Natural Park, with the largest massing of Quercus pyrenaica in Europe; the gorge of the river Ayuda; the route from Sáseta to Oquina, crossing Laño-Laguardia; the Aguillo-Ajarte crossing of Palogán mountain; the town of Pariza; the town of Cucho, whose buildings have been completel restored; and the hermitages of San Formerio, San Vicentejo, Ermita de Albaina, and Ermita de Pariza.

Towns of Condado de Treviño

Panoramic view of the Montes de Vitoria on the northern border with the province of Álava.

Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Enclave of Treviño.
  1. INE.
  2. (Spanish) Francisco Góngora, Las Gobas de Laño (Treviño). Capadocia alavesa, El Correo (Bilbao), 2007-11-16. Fecha de acceso 2010-01-01.
  3. (Spanish) Relación de Entidades Locales Menores, Autonomous Government of Castile and León.
  4. (Spanish) Ministerio de Cultura/Base de datos de bienes inmuebles

Coordinates: 42°44′06″N 2°44′49″W / 42.735°N 2.747°W / 42.735; -2.747

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 10/23/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.