Cosmos (plant)

For other uses, see Cosmos (disambiguation).
Cosmos
Cosmos bipinnatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Coreopsideae
Genus: Cosmos
Cav.[1]
Synonyms[2]

Cosmos is a genus, with the same common name of cosmos, consisting of flowering plants in the sunflower family.[3][4]

Range

Cosmos is native to scrub and meadowland in Mexico where most of the species occur, as well as the United States, as far north as the Olympic Pennsula in Washington, Central America, and to South America as far south as Paraguay. One species, C. bipinnatus, is naturalized across much of the eastern United States and eastern Canada.[5] It is also widespread over the high eastern plains of South Africa, where it was introduced via contaminated horsefeed imported from Argentina during the Anglo-Boer War.

Description

Cosmos are herbaceous perennial plants or annual plants growing 0.3–2 m (1 ft 0 in–6 ft 7 in) tall. The leaves are simple, pinnate, or bipinnate, and arranged in opposite pairs. The flowers are produced in a capitulum with a ring of broad ray florets and a center of disc florets; flower color is very variable between the different species. The genus includes several ornamental plants popular in gardens. Numerous hybrids and cultivars have been selected and named.

Species

Cosmos sulphureus
Accepted species[2]
  1. Cosmos atrosanguineus (Hook.) Voss
  2. Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.
  3. Cosmos carvifolius Benth.
  4. Cosmos caudatus Kunth
  5. Cosmos concolor Sherff
  6. Cosmos crithmifolius Kunth
  7. Cosmos dahlioides
  8. Cosmos deficiens (Sherff) Melchert
  9. Cosmos herzogii Sherff
  10. Cosmos intercedens Sherff
  11. Cosmos jaliscensis Sherff
  12. Cosmos juxtlahuacensis Panero & Villaseñor
  13. Cosmos landii Sherff
  14. Cosmos linearifolius (Sch.Bip.) Hemsl.
  15. Cosmos longipetiolatus Melchert
  16. Cosmos mattfeldii Sherff
  17. Cosmos mcvaughii Sherff
  18. Cosmos microcephalus Sherff
  19. Cosmos modestus Sherff
  20. Cosmos montanus Sherff
  21. Cosmos nelsonii B.L.Rob. & Fernald
  22. Cosmos nitidus Paray
  23. Cosmos ochroleucoflorus Melchert
  24. Cosmos pacificus Melchert
  25. Cosmos palmeri B.L.Rob.
  26. Cosmos parviflorus (Jacq.) Pers.
  27. Cosmos peucedanifolius Wedd.
  28. Cosmos pringlei B.L.Rob. & Fernald
  29. Cosmos purpurens Sherff
  30. Cosmos purpureus (DC.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hemsl.
  31. Cosmos scabiosoides Kunth
  32. Cosmos schaffneri Sherff
  33. Cosmos sessilis Sherff
  34. Cosmos sherffii Melchert
  35. Cosmos steenisiae Veldkamp
  36. Cosmos sulphureus Cav.

References

  1. ↑ "Genus Cosmos Cav.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1998-09-07. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  2. 1 2 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  3. ↑ Cavanilles, Antonio José. 1791. Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum 1(1): 9–10, pl. 14
  4. ↑ Tropicos, Cosmos Cav.
  5. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
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