Contrasting and categorization of emotions

The contrasting and categorisation of emotions describes how emotions are thought to relate to each other. Various recent proposals of such groupings are described in the following sections.

Contrasting basic emotions

The following table,^[1] based on a wide review of current theories, identifies and contrasts the fundamental emotions according to a set of definite criteria. The three key criteria used include mental experiences that:

1. have a strongly motivating subjective quality like pleasure or pain;
2. are in response to some event or object that is either real or imagined;
3. motivate particular kinds of behavior.

The combination of these attributes distinguish the emotions from sensations, feelings and moods.

HUMAINE's proposal for EARL

The emotion annotation and representation language (EARL) proposed by the Human-Machine Interaction Network on Emotion (HUMAINE) classifies 48 emotions.^[2]

Parrott's emotions by groups

A tree-structured list of emotions was described in Shaver et al. (1987),^[3] and also featured in Parrott (2001).^[4]

Plutchik's wheel of emotions

Plutchik's Wheel of Emotions

In 1980 Robert Plutchik constructed a wheel-like diagram of emotions visualising eight basic emotions, plus eight derivative emotions each composed of two basic ones.^[5] He also theorized sixteen "Primary level" and "Secondary level" emotions, whose components were farther apart.^[6]

Dyads (Combinations)

"Rest" can be considered an emotional zero.^[7]

See also

• Affect (psychology)
• Basic emotions
• Emotion and memory
• Emotion classification
• Emotional mood
• List of virtues

References

External links

• That page presents lists from Ekman, Lazarus, Ortony et al., and Goleman
• A table of basic emotions according to a variety of authors
• An organized list of over 800 English emotion words, maintained by Steven DeRose
• Jessica Hagy, Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions emotions in Venn format]

Emotions (list)
Emotions	Adoration Affection Agitation Agony Amusement Anger Anguish Annoyance Anxiety Apathy Arousal Attraction Awe Boredom Calmness Compassion Contempt Contentment Defeat Depression Desire Disappointment Disgust Ecstasy Embarrassment Empathy Enthrallment Enthusiasm Envy Euphoria Excitement Fear Frustration Gratitude Grief Guilt Happiness Hatred Homesickness Hope Horror Hostility Humiliation Hysteria Infatuation Insecurity Insult Interest Irritation Isolation Jealousy Joy Loneliness Longing Love Lust Melancholy Mono no aware Neglect Nostalgia Panic Passion Pity Pleasure Pride hubris Rage Regret Rejection Remorse Resentment Sadness Saudade Schadenfreude Sehnsucht Sentimentality Shame Shock Sorrow Spite Stress Suffering Surprise Sympathy Tenseness Wonder Worry
World views	Nihilism Optimism Pessimism Reclusion Weltschmerz