Comparison of operating systems

These tables provide a comparison of operating systems, of computer devices, as listing general and technical information for a number of widely used and currently available PC or handheld (including smartphone and tablet computer) operating systems. The article "Usage share of operating systems" provides a broader, and more general, comparison of operating systems that includes servers, mainframes and supercomputers.

Because of the large number and variety of available Linux distributions, they are all grouped under a single entry; see comparison of Linux distributions for a detailed comparison. There are also a variety of BSD operating systems and DOS operating systems, covered in comparison of BSD operating systems and comparison of DOS operating systems. For information on views of each operating system, see operating system advocacy.

General information

Name Creator Initial public release Predecessor Current stable version Release date Cost, availability Preferred license[g 1] Target system type
AIX IBM 1986 UNIX System V Release 3 7.2 2015, October 5 Bundled with hardware Proprietary Server, NAS, workstation
Android Android, Inc., Google 2008 Linux 7.0 Nougat 2016, August 22 Free Apache 2.0, GNU GPLv2 Consumer, enterprise, education
AmigaOS classic Commodore International, Haage & Partner, Hyperion Entertainment 1985 TRIPOS (as the disk operating component of AmigaOS) 3.9 BB2 2002, March 20 Discontinued; Bundled with hardware up to version 3.0 (Amiga International hardware came with 3.1); versions 2.1, 3.0, 3.1, 3.5, 3.9 also available as separate packages Proprietary, open source clone available under AROS Public License Workstation, personal computer
AmigaOS 4 Hyperion Entertainment 2004 AmigaOS classic 4.1 Final Edition 2014 4.0 bundled with hardware; 4.0 for classic and 4.1 available as standalone package at €29 Proprietary Workstation, personal computer
Chrome OS Google 2009 Gentoo[1] 52.0.2743.116 2016, August 3 Bundled with hardware Proprietary: Google OS Terms of Service Chromebook
DragonFly BSD Matthew Dillon 2003 FreeBSD 4.0.3[2] 2015, January 21 Free BSD Server, workstation, NAS, embedded
FreeBSD The FreeBSD Project 1993 386BSD 10.3 2016, April 4 Free BSD Server, workstation, NAS, embedded
GhostBSD Eric Turgeon 2009 FreeBSD 10.1 2015, September 13 Free BSD Desktop, workstation
eComStation Serenity Systems, Mensys BV 2001 OS/2 2.1 2011 Home-student edition (max. three per site) US$145.00 (equivalent to $152.79 in 2015)
business edition $290.00		 Proprietary Server, workstation, personal computer
EPOC32 Psion PLC 1996 ER5 1999 Discontinued; Commercial Proprietary PDA
GNU+Linux Notable contributors include: Richard Stallman GNU Project and Linus Torvalds Linux and the unices they emulated, Red Hat, Debian Project See: Comparison of Linux distributions and Linux Kernel#Development 1991 (kernel), See: Comparison of Linux distributions and History of Linux None 4.5 (kernel) 2016, March 14 (kernel) Free GNU GPLv2 (kernel) See: Comparison of Linux distributions
Haiku Haiku Inc. 2009 BeOS R5 R1/Alpha4 2012 Free / Use latest night build, not Alpha4 MIT Personal computer
HP-UX Hewlett-Packard 1983 UNIX System V 11.31, 11i v3 Update 14 2015, March US$400 Proprietary Server
IBM i IBM 1988 OS/400 7.2 2014, May 2 Bundled with hardware Proprietary Server
Inferno Bell Labs 1997 Plan 9 Fourth Edition 2009, June 30 Free MIT, GNU GPL, GNU LGPL, LPL NAS, server, embedded
iOS Apple Inc. 2007 OS X 10.0.1 2016, September 13 Bundled with hardware and free updates given to most existing users, subject to hardware requirements Proprietary higher level API layers; open source core system (ARM versions): APSL, GNU GPL, others Smartphone, music player, tablet computer
IRIX SGI 1988 UNIX System V 6.5.30 2006 Discontinued; Bundled with hardware Proprietary Server, workstation
Classic Mac OS Apple Inc. 1984 None[g 2][g 3] 9.2.2 2000 Discontinued; Was bundled with 68k and PowerPC Macs;

versions 7-9 sold as retail upgrades[g 4]

 Proprietary Workstation, personal computer
MVS IBM 1972 OS/360 MVS/ESA SP - JES3 Version 5 R2.2 1995, September 29 Bundled with hardware Proprietary IBM mainframe
macOS Apple Inc. 2001 NeXTSTEP, BSD 10.12 (Build 16A323) Sierra 2016, September 20 Bundled with hardware; No-cost update via Mac App Store for users of Mac OS X 10.6 or later, assuming hardware requirements are met Proprietary higher level API layers; open source core system (Intel-PowerPC versions): APSL, GNU GPL, others Workstation, personal computer, embedded
macOS Server Apple Inc. 2001 NeXTSTEP, BSD 10.12 / September 20, 2016 2016, September 20 Previously bundled with hardware; No longer a separate operating system, but a group of services installed atop any current version of Mac OS X; US$19.99 on the Mac App Store Proprietary higher level API layers; open source core system (Intel-PowerPC versions): APSL, GNU GPL, others Server
MPE HP 1974 None MPE-V 1988 Discontinued; Was bundled with HP-3000 CISC hardware "Classic" Proprietary Server
MCP Unisys 1961 None CP OS 17.0 2015, April Bundled with hardware Proprietary Server
MPE/XL HP 1987 MPE 7.5 2002 Discontinued; Was bundled with HP-3000 PA-RISC hardware Proprietary Server
MINIX 3 Andrew S. Tanenbaum 2005 Minix2 3.3.0 2014 Free BSD Workstation
NetBSD The NetBSD Project 1993 386BSD 7.0.1[3] 2016, May 28[3] Free BSD NAS, server, workstation, embedded
NetWare Novell 1985 S-Net 6.5 SP8 2009, May 6 Superseded by Novell Open Enterprise Server; Was US$184 (equivalent to $203.29 in 2015) (one-user) Proprietary Server
NeXTSTEP NeXT 1989 Unix 3.3 1995 Discontinued; Was bundled with hardware, then sold separately Proprietary Workstation
OpenBSD The OpenBSD Project 1995 NetBSD 1.0 5.9 2016, March 29 Free ISC Server, NAS, workstation, embedded
OpenIndiana Many, based on software developed by Sun Microsystems and many others 2010 OpenSolaris 2016, April 21[4][5] Free CDDL Server, workstation
OpenVMS DEC (now VSI) 1977 RSX-11M 8.4-2L1 2016, September 23 Commercial, free non-commercial use Proprietary Server, workstation
OS/360 IBM 1966 None Operating System/360 R21.8 1972, August Bundled with hardware Proprietary IBM mainframe
OS/390 IBM 1995 MVS OS/390 Version 2 R10 2000, September 29 Bundled with hardware Proprietary IBM mainframe
OS 2200 Unisys 1967 as Exec 8e Exec 8, OS 1100 CP OS 16 (Exec 49.2) 2015, February 27 Bundled with hardware Proprietary Server
OS/2 IBM and Microsoft 1987 Windows 3.x 4.52 2001 Discontinued (see eComStation successor); Was US$300 (equivalent to $401.60 in 2015) Proprietary Personal computer, server
Plan 9 Bell Labs 1993 Unix Fourth Edition 2003 (except for minor later updates) Free LPL Workstation, server, embedded, HPC
QNX QNX Software Systems 1982 Unix, POSIX 6.6.0 2014 Bundled with BlackBerry 10 and PlayBook devices. Commercial; an academic version exists that needs authorization code before installing Proprietary Automotive, medical, smartphones, consumer, industrial, embedded, safety
Solaris Sun, Oracle Corporation 1992 SunOS 11.3 2015, October 26 Commercial; (but free/no-cost perpetual license when used "for the purpose of developing, testing, prototyping and demonstrating your applications"[6]) CDDL Server, workstation
Symbian Symbian Ltd. 1998 EPOC32 9.5 2009 Discontinued; Commercial Proprietary Phones
Symbian platform Symbian Foundation 2010 (initially 1998 as Symbian) Symbian 3.0.4 2010 Free EPL embedded
Windows Server (NT family) Microsoft 1993 OS/2, Windows 3.x and MS-DOS Windows Server 2012 R2 (NT 6.3.9600) 2014, April US$469 Web Server; other editions dependent on number of CALs purchased Proprietary; Shared source Server, NAS, embedded
Windows (NT family) Microsoft 1993 OS/2, Windows 9x and MS-DOS Windows 10 (Version 1607(OS build 10.0.14393.10)) 2016, August 2 Windows 10 Home US$119, Windows 10 Pro US$199[7] Proprietary; Shared source Workstation, personal computer, media center, Tablet PC, embedded
Windows (classic 9x family) Microsoft 1995 MS-DOS, Windows NT 3.5 Windows Me (Win 4.90.3000) 2000 Discontinued Proprietary Personal computer, media center
RISC iX Acorn Computers 1988 BSD 4.3 1.21c 1993 Discontinued; Was bundled with hardware Proprietary Workstation
RISC OS Acorn Computers 1987 Arthur, also the BBC Master OS 3.71 1997 Discontinued; Was bundled with hardware Proprietary Education, personal computer
RISC OS 4 RISCOS Ltd, Pace plc 1999 RISC OS 4.39 2004 Bundled with hardware, then sold separately at £70 (US$127) Proprietary Education, personal computer
RISC OS 5 Castle Technology, RISC OS Open 2002 RISC OS 4 5.20 2013 Free for non-commercial use (recent releases); formerly bundled with hardware Shared source Education, personal computer
RISC OS 6 RISCOS Ltd 2006 RISC OS 4 6.20 2009 Bundled with hardware, then sold separately at £70 (US$127) Proprietary Education, personal computer
ZETA yellowTAB 2005 BeOS R5 1.5 2007 Discontinued Proprietary Personal computer, media center, workstation
STOP 6, XTS-400 BAE Systems 2003 STOP 5, XTS-300 6.5 2008, August US$60,000 (equivalent to $66,056 in 2015)+; bundled with XTS hardware and OEM licensed Proprietary Server, workstation
ReactOS ReactOS development team 1996 Windows NT 0.4.1 2016, May 17 Free GNU GPL, GNU LGPL Workstation, personal computer
TrueOS PC-BSD Software 2006 FreeBSD[g 5] 10.1[8] 2014, November 16 Free BSD Personal computer, workstation, server
VxWorks Wind River Systems 1987 VRTX 7 2014 March Paid Proprietary Embedded Real-time systems
z/OS IBM 2000 OS/390 Version 2.2 (V2R2) 2015, June 28 Monthly license fee, about US$130 and up Proprietary IBM mainframe
z/VSE IBM 2007 VSE/ESA 6.1 2015, October 5 Monthly license fee Proprietary IBM mainframe
z/VM IBM 2000 VM 6.3 2013, July 23 Monthly license fee Proprietary IBM mainframe
HP NonStop HP 1974 Guardian H06.24/J06.13 2012 Non-free Proprietary HP Nonstop Servers
Name Creator Initial public release Predecessor Current stable version Release date Cost, availability Preferred license[g 1] Target system type
  1. 1 2 Most OS distributions include bundled software with various other licenses.
  2. ↑ The Original Macintosh Anecdotes. Although Lisa OS ran on the same, but a slower variant, microprocessor and was developed by Apple Inc. at the same time as Classic Mac OS, they were developed as different projects, only sharing a similar GUI between them.
  3. ↑ Mac OS 7.6 was the first Macintosh system software to be labeled Mac OS. Operating systems before this were named Macintosh System Software through System Software 7.5, and known as System #.# for short.
  4. ↑ "Official Apple Support". apple.com.
  5. ↑ PC-BSD uses FreeBSD as a base system with custom configuration and several desktop-oriented tools to make an easy to use FreeBSD system for desktops and workstations.

Technical information

Name Computer architectures supported File systems supported Kernel type Source lines of code GUI default is on[t 1] Package management Update management Native APIs[t 2] Non-native APIs supported through subsystems
AIX POWER, PowerPC-AS, PowerPC, Power Architecture JFS, JFS2, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, SMBFS, GPFS Monolithic with modules No installp, RPM Service Update Management Assistant (SUMA) SysV/POSIX
AmigaOS Classic 68k, PowerPC Proprietary (OFS, FFS, SFS, PFS), FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, many others via 3rd party drivers, such as SMBFS, etc. Microkernel Yes Installer[t 3] (almost not needed)[t 4] Proprietary BSD subset (available through 3rd party ixemul.library)
AmigaOS 4 PowerPC Proprietary (OFS, FFS, SFS, PFS), JXFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, many others via 3rd party drivers, such as SMBFS, etc. Microkernel Yes Installer[t 3] (almost not needed)[t 4] AmiUpdate (almost not needed)[t 5] Proprietary BSD subset (available through 3rd party ixemul.library)
Chrome OS ARM, x86 eCryptfs, NTFS, FAT, FAT16, FAT32, exFAT, ext2, ext3, ext4, HFS+, MTP (read and write), ISO9660 (read-only), UDF (read-only) Monolithic with modules ~ 17 million[9] Yes Portage Linux/POSIX
eComStation x86 HPFS (default), FAT, JFS, UDF, FAT32, NTFS (read only) Hybrid Yes WarpIN, Feature Install, others Maintenance Tool Proprietary, DOS API, Win16 POSIX, Java, others
FreeBSD x86, x86-64, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, others UFS2, ZFS, ext2, ext3, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, others Monolithic with modules 6.25 million[10] No Ports collection, packages by source, network binary update (freebsdupdate) BSD/POSIX Mono, Java, Win16,[t 6] Win32,[t 6] Linux
GhostBSD x86, x86-64 UFS2, ext2, ext3, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, ReiserFS (read only), XFS (experimental), ZFS, others Monolithic with modules Yes Ports collection, packages by source, network binary update (freebsdupdate) BSD/POSIX Mono, Java, Win16,[t 6] Win32,[t 6] Linux
Linux x86, x86-64, ARM, PowerPC, SPARC, others ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, ReiserFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, and others Monolithic with modules ~15 million (kernel)[11]

lines of code for userland libraries and applications vary depending on the distribution

 See: Comparison of Linux distributions Linux/POSIX Mono, Java, Win16,[t 6] Win32[t 6]
Haiku x86, PowerPC BFS (default), FAT, ISO 9660, ext3, NTFS Hybrid ~5.2 million Yes Ports collection (haikuport) pkgman, HaikuDepot POSIX, BeOS API Java, Qt
HP-UX PA-RISC, IA-64 VxFS, HFS, CDFS, EVFS, NFS, CIFS Monolithic with modules No SD, swinstall swa (HP-UX Software Assistant) SysV/POSIX
Inferno x86, PowerPC, SPARC, Alpha, MIPS, others Styx/9P2000, kfs, FAT, ISO 9660 Monolithic with modules, user space file systems Yes ? ? Proprietary
iOS ARM HFS+, FTP Hybrid ~80 million Yes ? Software Update Cocoa, BSD-POSIX ?
Classic Mac OS 68k, PowerPC HFS+, HFS, MFS (Mac OS 8.0 and before), AFP, ISO 9660, FAT(System 7 and later), UDF Monolithic with modules Yes None Software Update (only in Mac OS 9) Toolbox, Carbon (from version 8.1)
macOS PowerPC, x86, x86-64, (see also iOS for ARM) HFS+ (default), HFS, UFS, AFP, ISO 9660, FAT, UDF, NFS, SMBFS, NTFS (read only), FTP, WebDAV, ZFS (experimental) Hybrid with modules ~86 million[12] Yes macOS Installer Software Update Carbon, Cocoa, Java, BSD-POSIX Toolbox (only in versions up to Mac OS X 10.4, not supported on x86 architecture), Win16,[t 6] Win32[t 6]
MINIX 3 x86 Microkernel ~12,000 (C) + ~1,400 (Assembly)[13] No POSIX
NetBSD x86, x86-64, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC, sparc64, others UFS, UFS2, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, NFS, LFS, and others Monolithic with modules No[t 7] pkgsrc by source or binary (using sysinst) BSD-POSIX Linux, others
NetWare x86 NSS, NWFS, FAT, NFS, AFP, UDF, CIFS, ISO 9660 Hybrid Yes NWCONFIG.NLM, RPM, X11-based GUI installer binary updates, ZENWorks for Servers, Red Carpet Proprietary
OpenBSD x86, x86-64, SPARC, 68k, Alpha, VAX, others ffs, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, NFS, some others Monolithic No[t 7] Ports collection, packages by source or binary (packages via pkg_add) BSD-POSIX
OpenVMS VAX, Alpha, IA-64 Files-11 (ODS), ISO 9660, NFS, CIFS Monolithic with modules No PCSI, VMSINSTAL ? Proprietary POSIX
OS/2 x86 HPFS, JFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS Monolithic with modules Yes Feature Install and others ? Proprietary, DOS API, Win16 Win32
Plan 9 x86, Alpha, MIPS, PowerPC, SPARC, others fossil/venti, 9P2000, kfs, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660 Hybrid, user space file systems ~ 2.5 Million /sys/src (complete source of all supported architectures, kernels, commands and libraries) Yes None replica Proprietary (Unix-like) POSIX compatibility layer
QNX x86, SH-4, PowerPC, ARM, MIPS QNX4FS, QNX6, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, Joliet, NFS, CIFS, ETFS, UDF, HFS, HFS+, NTFS, others Microkernel POSIX, Java
ReactOS x86, PowerPC, ARM FAT, NTFS (read only) Hybrid nearly 8 million[14] Yes None None Win32, NT API
RISC OS ARM (both 26 and 32-bit addressing modes) Acorn ADFS, Econet ANFS, FAT, ISO 9660, many others as loadable filesystems Monolithic with modules. Cooperative multitasking with limited memory protection.[15] Yes Applications self-contained; hardware drivers often in ROM !IyoUpWtch Huge number of SWI calls; extensive C libraries
Solaris x86, x86-64, SPARC UFS, ZFS, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, QFS, some others Monolithic with modules Yes SysV packages (pkgadd)
Image Packaging System (pkg) (Solaris 11 and later)		 Image Packaging System (Solaris 11 and later) SysV/POSIX, GTK, Java Win16,[t 6] Win32,[t 6] Mono, Linux[t 8]
OpenSolaris x86, x86-64, SPARC(AI) UFS, ZFS, ext2, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, QFS, some others Monolithic with modules ~18.8 million[16] Yes Image Packaging System (pkg), SysV packages (pkgadd) Image Packaging System SysV/POSIX, GTK, Java Win16,[t 6] Win32,[t 6] Mono, Linux[t 8]
STOP 6, XTS-400 x86 Proprietary Monolithic No RPM for some untrusted applications Binary updates via postal mail and proprietary tools Some: SysV, POSIX, Linux, proprietary
Symbian ARM FAT Microkernel Yes SIS files FOTA Proprietary POSIX compatibility layer
TrueOS x86[t 9] UFS2, ext2, ext3, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, NFS, ReiserFS (read only), XFS (experimental) and others Monolithic with modules Yes Ports collection, packages, PBI Graphical Installers by PBI updates, source, network binary update (freebsdupdate) BSD-POSIX Win16,[t 6] Win32[t 6]
Windows Server (NT family) x86, x86-64, IA-64 NTFS, FAT, ISO 9660, UDF; 3rd-party drivers support ext2, ext3, ReiserFS,[t 10] and HFS Hybrid with modules ~45 million[17] Yes MSI, custom installers Windows Update Win32, NT API DOS API, Win16 (only in 32-bit versions), POSIX, .NET
Windows (NT family) x86, x86-64, ARM NTFS, FAT exFAT ISO 9660, UDF; 3rd-party drivers support ext2, ext3, ReiserFS,[t 10] HFS+, FATX, and HFS (with third party driver) Hybrid with modules ~40 (XP)/64 (Vista and later) million Yes MSI, custom installers Windows Update Win32, NT API DOS API, Win16 (only in 32-bit versions), POSIX, .NET
ZETA x86 BFS (default), FAT, ISO 9660, UDF, HFS, AFP, ext2, CIFS, NTFS (read only), ReiserFS (read only, up to v3.6) Hybrid Yes SoftwareValet, script-based installers None POSIX, BeOS API
z/OS z/Architecture VSAM, BDAM, QSAM, BPAM, HFS, zFS, etc. Protected, multithreading, multitasking nucleus with programmable/user replaceable extensions. Not kernel-based. No None, SMP/E SMP/E Filesystem access methods, Systems Services, etc. POSIX, many others.
Name Computer architectures supported File systems supported Kernel type Source lines of code GUI default is on[t 1] Package management Update management Native APIs[t 2] Non-native APIs supported through subsystems
  1. 1 2 Operating systems where the GUI is not installed and turned on by default are often bundled with an implementation of the X Window System, installation of which is usually optional.
  2. 1 2 Most operating systems use proprietary APIs in addition to any supported standards.
  3. 1 2 Amiga OS features since OS 2.0 version a standard centralized Install utility called Installer, which could be used by any software house to install programs. It works as a Lisp language interpreter, and install procedures could be listed as simple text. AmigaOS can also benefit of a 3rd party copyrighted library called XAD that is available for all POSIX (Unix, Linux, BSD, and for AmigaOS, MorphOS, etc.). This library is freely distributable and publicly available on Aminet Amiga centralized repository of all Open Source or Free programs and utilities. XAD.Library, complete with GUI Voodoo-X, is based on modules and capable to manage over 300 compression methods and package systems (Voodoo-X GUI supports 80 package systems), including those widely accepted as standards such as .ZIP, .CAB, .LHA, .LZX, .RPM, etc.
  4. 1 2 A standard AmigaOS installation requires usually only few files (typically 3 to 10 files) to be copied in their appropriate directory, and libraries and language files for national localization to be put in their standard OS directories. Any Amiga user with some minimal experience knows where these files should be copied and could perform programs installations by hand.
  5. ↑ AmiUpdate is capable to update AmigaOS files and also all Amiga programs which are registered to use the same update program that is standard for Amiga. Updating AmigaOS requires only few libraries to be put in standard OS location (for example all libraries are stored in "Libs:" standard virtual device and absolute path finder for "Libs" directory, Fonts are all in "Fonts:" absolute locator, the files for language localization are all stored in "Locale:" and so on). This leaves Amiga users with a minimal knowledge of the system almost free to perform by hand the update of the system files.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 using Wine
  7. 1 2 NetBSD and OpenBSD include the X Window System as base install sets, managed in their respective main source repository, including local modifications. Packages are also provided for more up-to-date versions which may be less tested.
  8. 1 2 "BrandZ (Community Group brandz.WebHome) - XWiki". Opensolaris.org. 2009-10-26. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  9. ↑ only i686 CPU
  10. 1 2 Windows can read and write with Ext2 and Ext3 file systems only when a driver from FS-driver or Ext2Fsd is installed. However, using Explore2fs, Windows can read from, but not write to, Ext2 and Ext3 file systems. Windows can also access ReiserFS through rfstool and related programs.

Security

Name Resource
access
control		 Subsystem
isolation
mechanisms		 Integrated
firewall		 Encrypted
file
systems		 No execute (NX)
page flag		 Manufacturer acknowledged unpatched vulnerabilities (by severity)[s 1]
Secunia Security-
Focus
Hard-
ware 		Emula-
tion 		Extremely critical
(number / oldest)		Highly
critical
(number / oldest)		Moderately critical
(number / oldest)		Less
critical
(number / oldest)		Not
critical
(number / oldest)		Total
(number / oldest)
AIX 7.1 POSIX, ACLs, MAC, Trusted AIX - MLS, RBAC chroot IPFilter, IPsec VPNs, basic IDS Yes Yes[s 2] N/A Unknown 0
FreeBSD 10.1 POSIX, ACLs, MAC chroot, Jails, MAC partitions, multilevel security, Biba Model, BSD file flags set using chflags, Capsicum Capability-based security IPFW2, IPFilter, PF, IPsec Yes Yes Yes[s 3] 0 0 0 0 0 >0
GhostBSD 3.1 POSIX, ACLs, MAC chroot, jail, MAC partitions, BSD file flags set using chflags IPFW2, IPFilter, PF Yes Yes Yes 0 0 0 0 0 >0
HP-UX 11.31 POSIX, ACLs chroot IPFilter Yes ? ? 0 0 3
June 30, 2004 (2004-06-30)		 2
December 12, 2002 (2002-12-12)		 0 >0
Inferno POSIX Namespaces,[18] capability-based security, no superuser or setuid bit ? ? No No Unknown >0
Linux-based 2.6.39 POSIX, ACLs,[s 4] MAC chroot,[s 5] seccomp, Namespaces, SELinux, AppArmor Netfilter, varied by distribution Yes Yes Yes 0 0 0 6
June 24, 2004 (2004-06-24)		 11
April 4, 2005 (2005-04-04)		 >0
Mac OS 9.2.2 No No No No No No 0 0 0 0 0 >0
OS X 10.10.5 POSIX, ACLs[19] chroot, BSD file flags set using chflags ipfw Yes Yes (as of 10.5, X64 only) Yes (Intel only) 0 0 1
April 14, 2009 (2009-04-14)		 2
January 8, 2007 (2007-01-08)		 5
November 22, 2006 (2006-11-22)		 >0
NetBSD 6.1.2 POSIX, Veriexec, PaX, kauth chroot, kauth, BSD file flags set using chflags IPFilter, NPF, PF Yes Yes No Unknown >0
NetWare 6.5 SP8 Directory-enabled ACLs Protected address spaces IPFLT.NLM Yes Yes No 0 0 1
August 31, 2010 (2010-08-31)		 2
October 30, 2003 (2003-10-30)		 0 0
OES-Linux Directory-enabled ACLs chroot IPFilter Yes Yes No Unknown >0
OpenBSD 4.8 POSIX chroot, systrace, BSD file flags set using chflags PF Yes Yes Yes Unknown >0
OpenVMS 8.4 ACLs, privileges logical name tables ? ? Yes ? 0 0 0 0 0 Unknown
OS/2, eComStation ACLs[s 6] No IPFilter No ? ? 0 0 0 0 0 0
TrueOS 8.1 POSIX, ACLs, MAC chroot, jail, MAC partitions IPFW2, IPFilter, PF Yes[s 7] ? ? 0 0 0 0 0 >0
Plan 9 POSIX ? Namespaces,[18] capability-based security, no superuser or setuid bit ipmux Yes No No Unknown >0
QNX 6.5.0 POSIX ? PF, from NetBSD ? ? ? 0 0 0 5
November 20, 2002 (2002-11-20)		 1
November 7, 2002 (2002-11-07)		 Unknown
RISC OS No No No No No No Unknown
Solaris 10 POSIX, RBAC, ACLs, least privilege, Trusted Extensions chroot, Containers,[s 8] Logical Domains IPFilter Yes[s 9] Yes No 0 2
October 31, 2007 (2007-10-31)		 5
October 23, 2007 (2007-10-23)		 3
September 10, 2009 (2009-09-10)		 2
November 6, 2006 (2006-11-06)		 >0
OpenSolaris 2009.06 POSIX, RBAC, ACLs, least privilege, Trusted Extensions chroot, Containers,[s 8] Logical Domains IPFilter Yes[s 9] Yes No 0 0 0 0 0 >0
Windows Server 2012 ACLs, privileges, RBAC Win32 WindowStation, desktop, job objects Windows Firewall Yes Yes Yes 0 0 0 0 0 [Unknown]
Windows 8.1 ACLs, privileges, RBAC Win32 WindowStation, desktop, job objects Windows Firewall Yes Yes Yes 0 0 0 0 1
May 30, 2014 (2014-05-30)		 [Unknown]
ZETA POSIX[s 10] No No No No No Unknown
STOP 6, XTS-400[s 11] POSIX, multilevel security, Biba Model mandatory integrity, ACLs, privileges, subtype mechanism Multilevel security, Biba Model, subtype mechanism No No No No Unknown
z/OS 1.11 RACF RACF, low storage protection, page protection, storage protect key, execution key, subspace group facility, APF, ACR (alternate CPU recovery), more z/OS IPSecurity Optional Yes (storage protect key, execution key, APF, more) Yes 0 0 0 0 0 Unknown
Resource
access
control		 Subsystem
isolation
mechanisms		 Integrated
firewall		 Encrypted
file
systems		 Hard-
ware 		Emula-
tion 		Extremely critical
(number / oldest)		Highly
critical
(number / oldest)		Moderately critical
(number / oldest)		Less
critical
(number / oldest)		Not
critical
(number / oldest)		Total
(number / oldest)
No execute (NX)
page flag		 Secunia Security-
Focus
Known unpatched vulnerabilities (severity is accounted for)[s 1]
  1. 1 2 Comparison of known unpatched vulnerabilities based on Secunia & SecurityFocus reports with severity of Not critical & above. Update lists manually with oldest published date(s).
  2. ↑ AIX use the PowerPC architecture which offer page-level protection mechanism. Since AIX version 5300-03 (5.3), this feature can be activated using the sedmgr command.
  3. ↑ The GCC stack protection (a.k.a. ProPolice stack-smashing protector) has been enabled in base system since FreeBSD 8.0-release.
  4. ↑ Support for the in 1997 withdrawn POSIX ACL draft is included in Linux 2.6, but requires a file system able to store them (such as ext3, XFS or ReiserFS).
  5. ↑ A jail mechanism is available separately in the Linux-VServer project, but is not integrated into any mainline Linux kernel.
  6. ↑ ACLs are available only in OS/2 Server versions with HPFS386 filesystem.
  7. ↑ Additionally swap space may be encrypted during installation, uses memory based tmp file storage by default.
  8. 1 2 "Solaris Containers" (including "Zones") are a jail-type mechanism introduced with Solaris 10.
  9. 1 2 Through ZFS
  10. ↑ Zeta has full Unix file permissions, but the OS is single user, and users always run as superuser.
  11. ↑ STOP 6 is certified under Common Criteria at EAL5+.

Commands

For POSIX compliant (or partly compliant) systems like FreeBSD, Linux, OS X or Solaris, the basic commands are the same because they are standardized.

Feature AROS FreeBSD Linux-based HP-UX OpenVMS OS X Solaris Windows (cmd) Windows (PowerShell) Windows (cygwin, SFU or MKS)
List directory list, dir ls ls ls dir ls ls dir Get-ChildItem ls
Clear console clear clear clear clear clear cls Clear-Host clear
Copy file(s) copy cp cp cp copy cp cp copy Copy-Item cp
Move file(s) move mv mv mv mv mv move Move-Item mv
Rename file(s) rename mv mv, rename mv ren mv mv ren (rename) Rename-Item mv
Delete file(s) delete rm rm rm del rm rm del (erase) Remove-Item rm
Delete directory delete rmdir rmdir rmdir del rmdir rmdir rd (rmdir) Remove-Item rmdir
Create directory makedir mkdir mkdir mkdir create/dir mkdir mkdir md (mkdir) New-Item mkdir
Change current directory cd cd cd cd set def cd cd cd (chdir) Set-Location cd
Run shell script with new shell shell file.shell sh file.sh sh file.sh sh file.sh @ file.com sh file.sh sh file.sh cmd /c file.cmd powershell.exe file.ps1 sh file.sh
Kill processes kill, killall killall, pkill, kill, skill kill stop kill, killall kill, pkill taskkill Stop-Process kill
Change process priority nice nice, chrt nice set proc/prio nice nice start /low, start /normal, start /high, start /realtime Start-Process, wmic nice
Change I/O priority [c 1] ionice set proc/prio nice[c 2] ? ? ? ?
Create file system newfs mkfs newfs init mkfs newfs,zpool / zfs create format Format-Volume ?
File system check and recovery fsck fsck fsck analyze/disk fsck fsck,n/a chkdsk Repair-Volume ?
Create software raid atacontrol, gmirror, zfs create (mdadm—create) diskutil appleRAID metainit, zpool create diskpart (mirror only) diskpart (mirror only) ?
Mount device mount mount mount mount mount mount, diskutil mount mount mountvol New-PSDrive ?
Unmount device umount umount umount dismount umount, diskutil unmount(disk) umount mountvol /d Remove-PSDrive ?
Mount file as block device mdconfig + mount mount -o loop hdid lofiadm + mount ? ? ?
Show network configuration ifconfig ip addr, ifconfig ifconfig, lanadmin tcpip sh net (sh net) ifconfig ifconfig ipconfig Get-NetIPInterface, ipconfig ?
Show network route netstat -r, route get, route monitor ip route, route netstat -r tcpip sh route netstat -r, route get, route monitor netstat -r route Get-NetRoute ?
Trace network route traceroute traceroute traceroute tcptrace traceroute traceroute tracert Test-NetConnection ?
Trace network route with pings traceroute -I traceroute -I & mtr tcptrace traceroute -I traceroute -I pathping pathping ?
Feature AROS FreeBSD Linux-based HP-UX OpenVMS OS X Solaris Windows (cmd) Windows (PowerShell) Windows (cygwin, SFU or MKS)

NOTE: Linux systems may vary by distribution which specific program, or even 'command' is called, via the POSIX alias function. For example, if you wanted to use the DOS dir to give you a directory listing with one detailed file listing per line you could use alias dir='ls -lahF' (e.g. in a session configuration file).

  1. ↑ This feature is still in development, see .
  2. ↑ The nice command utilizes the setpriority() system call, which affects I/O priority, see OS X man page .

See also

References

  1. ↑ Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols (March 6, 2013). "The secret origins of Google's Chrome OS". ZDNet.
  2. ↑ "DragonFly BSD: release40".
  3. 1 2 "Announcing NetBSD 7.0.1".
  4. ↑ https://www.openindiana.org/2016/04/21/openindiana-hipster-2016-04-snapshot-is-here/
  5. ↑ http://www.openindiana.org/releases/
  6. ↑ "Oracle Solaris OTN License". Oracle.com. Retrieved 2013-10-04.
  7. ↑ "Windows 10 release date, price, news and features". Techradar.com. Retrieved 2015-07-29.
  8. ↑ "Official PC-BSD Blog » PC-BSD 10.1-RELEASE Now Available". Official PC-BSD Blog.
  9. ↑ "The Chromium (Google Chrome) Open Source Project on Open Hub". openhub.net.
  10. ↑ ethz.ch - (S)LOC Count Evolution for Selected OSS Projects data for 2009, fig 1
  11. ↑ Ryan Paul (2012-04-04). "Linux kernel in 2011: 15 million total lines of code and Microsoft is a top contributor". arstechnica.com. Retrieved 2012-08-21.
  12. ↑ Jobs, Steve (7 August 2006). "Live from WWDC 2006: Steve Jobs Keynote". Retrieved 2007-02-16. 86 million lines of source code that was ported to run on an entirely new architecture with zero hiccups.
  13. ↑ Tanenbaum, Andrew S. (2015). Modern Operating Systems: Global Edition. Pearson Education Limited. ISBN 9781292061955.
  14. ↑ "ReactOS Change Log".
  15. ↑ "RISC OS Memory Protection - Drobe.co.uk archives". drobe.co.uk.
  16. ↑ find usr/src -type f -exec wc -l {} + | grep total | awk '{ sum += $1 } END {print sum }' on results in 18793105
  17. ↑ Ben Liblit; Andrew Begel; Eve Sweetser. "Cognitive Perspectives on the Role of Naming in Computer Programs" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-26.
  18. 1 2 "The Use of Name Spaces in Plan 9". bell-labs.com.
  19. ↑ ACLs were added to OS X starting with version 10.4.

External links

Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: A Neutral Look at Operating Systems
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 10/31/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.