Comac C919

Comac C919
Comac C919 Model on Singapore Airshow 2010
Role Narrow-body twin-engine jet airliner
National origin China
Manufacturer Comac
Designer Comac
First flight Late 2016/Early 2017 (projected)[1]
Introduction 2019 (with Air China)[2]
Status Ground testing
Number built 1[3]


The Comac C919[4] is a planned family of 158–174 seat narrow-body twin-engine jet airliners to be built by the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (Comac).[5][6][7] It will be the largest commercial airliner designed and built in China since the defunct Shanghai Y-10. Its first flight is expected to take place in 2016, with first deliveries scheduled for late 2018.[8] Roll-out ceremony was held in Shanghai on 2 November 2015.[9]

The C919 forms part of China's long-term goal to break Airbus and Boeing's duopoly, and is intended to compete against Airbus A320neo, Boeing 737 MAX, Bombardier CSeries, Irkut MC-21, and other next-generation single-aisle airliners.

Development

Comac applied for a type certificate for the aircraft from the Civil Aviation Authority of China on 28 October 2010.[10] The company plans to conduct the first flight of the C919 in 2017, with deliveries beginning in 2018,[8] whereas Marwan Lahoud, Chief Strategy & Marketing Officer of Airbus Group,[11] assumes a competition outside China around 2020.[12]

In June 2011 COMAC and Irish low-cost airline Ryanair signed an agreement to co-operate on the development of the C919[13] On 24 November 2011, Comac announced the completion of the joint definition phase, marking the end of the preliminary design phase for the C919.[14] The company said it planned to cut the first metal for the aircraft in December 2011, with estimated completion of the detailed design phase in 2012.[14]

C919's advanced aerodynamics were engineered with the help of the Tianhe-2 supercomputer.[15] With an estimated development cost of $8.3 billion, Comac planned to produce 5–10 planes per year in 2016 and 2017, subsequently ramping up to 150 C919s.[16] The company intends to manufacture up to 2,300 aircraft of that type.[17]

In 2014 delivery was yet again delayed by technology and supplier problems, this time to 2018.[18] Comac rolled out its first C919 aircraft off the assembly line in September 2015 with no engines installed.

On 2 November 2015, Comac rolled out its first C919 aircraft.[19][20]

Design

Design and assembly of the aircraft is done in Shanghai, using foreign-made jet engines and avionics.[21] However, China has expressed its desire to produce a domestically made engine for the C919.

The center wing box, outer wing box, wing panels, flaps and ailerons are planned to be built in Xi'an, China. The center fuselage sections are planned to be built in Hongdu, China.[22] The airframe will be made largely of aluminium alloy. The center wing box was originally intended to use of carbon fiber composites,[17] but the design was changed to an aluminum design to reduce program complications.[23]

CFM International will supply a version of the LEAP engine, the LEAP-1C, to power the aircraft.[24] The engine's nacelle, thrust reverser and exhaust system will be provided by Nexcelle, with such features as an advanced inlet configuration, the extensive use of composites and acoustic treatment and an electrically operated thrust reverser.[25] Michelin will supply Air X radial tyres.[26]

Dimensions of the C919 are very similar to the Airbus A320, possibly to allow for a common pallet to be used. Its fuselage will be 3.96 metres (13 feet) wide, and 4.166 metres (13 feet, 8 inches) high, producing a cross-section of 12.915 square metres (139 square feet). The wingspan will be 33.6 metres (110 feet, 3 inches), or 35.4 metres (116 feet, 3 inches) if winglets are included.[27]

Payload will be 20.4 metric tonnes. Its cruise speed will be Mach 0.785 and it will have a maximum altitude of 12,100 metres (39,800 feet).[27]

There will be two variants. The standard version will have a range of 4,075 km (2,200 nmi), with the extended-range version able to fly 5,555 km (2,999 nmi).[27]

According to a film shown by Comac at the 2010 Zhuhai Airshow, the company plans to build six different models of the aircraft: a base passenger aircraft with 168 seats, as well as stretched and shrunk passenger versions, business jet and freighter models, and a type designated only as "special".[7]

Target

The Comac C919 is intended to be a new entrant in the commercial airliner market specifically targeted at low-cost airlines. Fuel price increases are especially damaging to the low-cost flying model, leading these airlines to renew their fleets frequently. This ensures optimal fuel performance and reliability across a single-type fleet. Direct competitor Boeing 737 MAX unit cost of US$80.6–116.6 million in 2015[28] means that target price for this airplane should be lower. The Airbus A320neo has a wider price range of US$75.1–125.7 million.[29] The Comac developers have not announced a price tag for each plane, although based on industry speculation current orders for 2012 could be worth more than US$26 billion.[30] With 380 orders secured as of 2012,[31] this results in projected average price of about US$68 million.

Some experts believe the C919 will not be competitive either technologically or commercially when it enters service given the plane's strong dependence on foreign suppliers. In particular, the engines will likely be sourced from CFM International Inc. (LEAP-1C engine), the same company that sells the CFM International CFM56 used by direct competitors. Others also say that it will most likely not be competitive given that every single commercial airline (except for City Airways which is based in Thailand) that has placed an order for the aircraft is a Chinese airline that wants to support their country's technology. This idea is reinforced because all of the Chinese airlines that have placed orders for the C919 already have either the Boeing 737 or Airbus A320 in its fleet.[32] In 2013, state-owned newspaper Global Times complained that an Aviation Week editorial about the bleak prospects for the aircraft "maliciously disparaged the future outlook for the C919."[33]

Orders and deliveries

At the 2010 Zhuhai Airshow, Comac announced orders for 55 C919 aircraft from six airlines, with an additional 45 options. The purchasing airlines or lessors included China Eastern Airlines, Air China, Hainan Airlines, China Southern Airlines, CDB Leasing Company, and GE Capital Aviation Services.[34]

On 20 October 2011, Chinese leasing company ICBC Leasing announced an order for 45 C919s, as well as an agreement to be the launch customer for the aircraft.[35] On 11 November 2014, Comac announced at the 2014 Zhuhai Airshow that China Merchants Bank's aircraft leasing division made a firm commitment for 30 C919s, and that total orders were now up to 450 aircraft.[36]

Production of the first C919 testing prototype began on 9 December 2011.[37] The flight testbed was expected to enter final assembly in 2014, and perform its first flight sometime in 2015.[38] However, as of the 2014 Zhuhai Airshow, the first flight has been delayed to 2016, with the first delivery delayed to 2018.[39]

At the 2015 Paris Air Show, Ping An Leasing signed a letter of intent for 50 C919s.[40] This deals makes the Shanghai-based Chinese lessor one of Comac's largest customers. In addition to Ping An Leasing, Puren Group also signed a letters of intent for seven C919s and seven ARJ21s, intended for the start-up Puren Airlines.[41] Also during that time Nepal Airlines was interested in acquiring 2–3 to replace older aircraft. Separately, COMAC has received an order for 20 C919s (5 on firm order) from the Shanghai Pudong Development Bank Financial Leasing Co. and for 36 C919s from the CITIC Financial Leasing (18 on firm order).[42]

Orders[43]

Customer "Order" Breakdown Notes
Firm Options/"Intent"/MOU
China ABC Financial Leasing[44] 45 Leasing company owned by Agricultural Bank of China
China Air China 20 515 Beijing based airline
China BOC Aviation[45] 20 Wholly owned by Bank of China, former leasing company of Singapore
China BOCOMM Leasing[46] 30 Leasing company and unit of Shanghai based Bank of Communications
China CCB Financial Leasing[47] 50 2624 Leasing company owned by China Construction Bank and Bank of America
China CDB Leasing Company 10 10[48]0 Leasing company and unit of Beijing based China Development Bank
China China Aircraft Leasing Company (CALC) 20 Leasing company based in Hong Kong
China China Eastern Airlines 20 515 Shanghai based airline
China China Merchants Bank 30 030 (MOU)[49] Chinese bank's aircraft leasing division
China China Southern Airlines 20 515 Guangzhou based airline
China CITIC Financial Leasing [42] 36 1818
United States GECAS (General Electric Capital Aviation Services) 20 1010 Leasing company based in Stamford, CT and Shannon, Ireland; unit of General Electric
China Hainan Airlines 20 155[48] Haikou based airline under Grand China Air
China Hebei Airlines 20 Shijiazhuang based airline
China Huaxia Financial Leasing[36] 20 020[50] Leasing unit of Huaxia Bank
China ICBC Leasing 45 Leasing company of Beijing, China-based Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
China Industrial Bank Financial Leasing Co Ltd[51] 20 Leasing company of Fuzhou, China-based Industrial Bank Co.
China Joy Air[52] 20 Xi'an based airline
China Ping An Leasing[40] 50 050[53] Shanghai-based leasing company
China Puren Group[41] 7 07[54]
China Hebei Airlines 20 Shijiazhuang based airline
China Shanghai Pudong Development Bank Financial Leasing Co[42] 20 515
Thailand City Airways 10 010 (MOU)[55]
Total 573 99 234

Specifications

C919-Mixed C919-All ECO C919-High Density
Flight crew 2
Seating capacity 156 (2-class) 168 (1-class) 174 (1-class)
Seat pitch base line 12 passengers (97 cm (38 in)) + 144 passengers (81 cm (32 in)) 168 passengers (81 cm (32 in)) 174 passengers (76 cm (30 in))
Length 38.9 metres (127 ft 7 in)
Wingspan 35.8 metres (117 ft 5 in)
Wing area 115 square metres (1,390 square feet)
Wing sweepback
Height 11.95 metres (39 ft 2 in)
Cabin width 3.9 metres (12 ft 10 in)
Cabin height 2.25 metres (7 ft 5 in)
Aisle width
Seat width
Typical empty weight
Maximum take-off weight 77,300 kilograms (170,400 lb) extended range
Range fully loaded 4,075 km (2,200 nmi) 5,555 km (2,999 nmi)
Max. operating speed Mach 0.785 900 kilometres (560 mi) (extended range)
Normal cruise speed 834 kilometres per hour (518 mph)
Take off run at MTOW
Service ceiling 12,100 metres (39,700 ft)
Powerplants (2x) CFM International LEAP-1C Single turbofan engine
Engine thrust 110,000–130,000 N (25,000–30,000 lbf)

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
Related lists

References

  1. ↑ "中国商飞：国产大飞机最早在2016年底"首飞"_腾讯网触屏版".
  2. ↑ "COMAC wins more C919, ARJ21 orders".
  3. ↑ CNN, Steven Jiang. "China takes on Boeing, Airbus with new passenger jet".
  4. ↑ "China's C919 Passenger Jet". TheCourierDaily. TheCourierDaily. 4 November 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  5. ↑ "China names first jumbo jet C919, to take off in 8 years". Xinhua News Agency. 6 March 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
  6. ↑ Lagorce, Aude (21 December 2009). "Safran, GE win contract for engines to upcoming Chinese jet". MarketWatch. Retrieved 20 March 2010.
  7. 1 2 "Comac plans six C919 models targeting Airbus and Boeing". Flightblogger (Flightglobal.com blog). 16 November 2010. Archived from the original on 19 November 2010. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
  8. 1 2 Perrett, Bradley (24 May 2013). "Further Delays On Comac C919 Program Push First Flight To 2015". Aviation Daily. Aviation Daily. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  9. ↑ Jiang, Steven (2 November 2015). "China takes on Boeing, Airbus with homegrown passenger jet". CNN. Retrieved 2 November 2015. China takes on Boeing, Airbus with homegrown passenger jet
  10. ↑ "Zhuhai10: COMAC releases C919 specifications". Flight Global. 16 November 2010. Retrieved 23 November 2010.
  11. ↑ "Airbus Group – media". airbusgroup. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  12. ↑ Airbus to Seek Alliances as Rivals Try to Sell Big Planes Bloomberg
  13. ↑ "Welcome to Ryanair!". Ryanair.com. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  14. 1 2 "C919 project at "crucial point" in detailed design – Comac". Flightglobal.com. 25 November 2011. Archived from the original on 30 November 2011. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  15. ↑ en.people.cn/mobile/new/content.html?cI=1002&nI=9067821&aT=m
  16. ↑ "C919 project at "crucial point" in detailed design – Comac". industryweek.com. 12 December 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  17. 1 2 Aboulafia, R. Comac C919 Program Briefing. World Military & Civil Aircraft Briefing. 2010.
  18. ↑ Ren, Daniel (22 May 2014). "China's first large airliner delayed by technology problems". www.scmp.com. South China Morning Post Publishers Ltd. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  19. ↑ "China's Comac rolls out C919 jet, ground tests to start soon". Reuters. 1 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
  20. ↑ "China's Airbus: Country to roll out first indigenous passenger jet in Shanghai after 7-year wait". South China Morning Post. 2 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
  21. ↑ Reed Business Information Limited. "Pratt offers geared turbofan for China's C919 airliner". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  22. ↑ COMAC C919 – program supplier guide Archived December 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  23. ↑ Mavis Toh. "Xian Aircraft rolls out first C919 centre wing box". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
  24. ↑ "CFM to build LEAP-X engine in China after C919 deal". Retrieved 21 December 2009.
  25. ↑ "High Tech Nacelle for C919 Said To Be World First". Retrieved 7 September 2011.
  26. ↑ "Michelin to supply tyres for China's first commercial airliner". Michelin. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  27. 1 2 3 Perrett, Bradley (8 September 2009). "Comac Begins Building C919 Structure". Aviation Week. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
  28. ↑ Commercial jet prices Archived December 1, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Boeing Inc, November 2015
  29. ↑ New Airbus aircraft list prices for 2016 Airbus International, January 2016
  30. ↑ staff reporters Yu Dawei and Liang Dongmei (18 December 2012). "Comac C919 Airliner Project Flying in the Dark". English.caixin.com. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
  31. ↑ "COMAC secures 50 C919 orders, eyes broader market – Xinhua | English.news.cn". News.xinhuanet.com. 13 November 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
  32. ↑ "Airlineberg Analysis - COMAC C919, against Airbus and Boeing duopoly". Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  33. ↑ "China Newspaper Slams Aviation Week For 'Oppressive Scheme'". aviationweek.com. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  34. ↑ "Comac C919 lands orders from six customers for 100 jets". The Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 16 November 2010. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
  35. ↑ "ICBC Leasing orders 45 C919s, becomes launch customer". Flightglobal.com. 20 October 2011. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  36. 1 2 "COMAC wins 20 orders for C919 from Huaxia Financial Leasing". 29 January 2015.
  37. ↑ F_485. "COMAC begins pilot production of C919 jet - People's Daily Online". Retrieved 14 August 2016.
  38. ↑ F_161. "China's C919 large airplane schedule to take first flight in 2015 - People's Daily Online".
  39. ↑ "China Planemaker Gets New Orders in Fight With Airbus, Boeing". 11 November 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  40. 1 2 "China's Ping An Leasing to buy 50 C919 aircraft". China Daily. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  41. 1 2 "Comac wins commitments for 64 jets". Flight Global. 15 June 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  42. 1 2 3 "China Eastern to become C919 launch customer".
  43. ↑ 谁买了国产大飞机？C919客机订单“起底”
  44. ↑ Reed Business Information Limited. "China's ABC Leasing orders 45 C919s". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  45. ↑ "中国C919大型客机参加新加坡航展 新获20架订单". sohu.com. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  46. ↑ "交银租赁与中国商飞签署30架C919订单协议_民航新闻_民航资源网". carnoc.com. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  47. ↑ C919 orders signed between COMAC and CCBFL Archived November 1, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  48. 1 2 "四大航来"捧场" 均摊100架国产C919大飞机_民航新闻_民航资源网".
  49. ↑ "國產大飛機C919獲30架訂單-香港商报".
  50. ↑ "中國評論新聞：中國國產大客機C919用戶訂單達450架".
  51. ↑ "400 orders for C919 show sky-high confidence -Companies -chinadaily.com.cn". chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  52. ↑ 中国商飞再获50架大飞机订单 新增幸福航空河北航空两客户
  53. ↑ "C919订单已超500架 预期2030年占全球市场1/5_21世纪经济报道多媒体数字报刊平台".
  54. ↑ chinanews. "中国国产大飞机C919订单达到500架-中新网".
  55. ↑ "图片 C919下线在即 517架订单的21个买家完整披露_民航新闻_民航资源网".
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