Cheshunt

Cheshunt
The Church of St Mary
Cheshunt  Cheshunt shown within Hertfordshire
Population	51,998 (Census 2001)
OS grid reference	TL358021
– London	13 mi (21 km)
District	Broxbourne
Shire county	Hertfordshire
Region	East
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	Waltham Cross
Postcode district	EN7, EN8
Dialling code	01992
Police	Hertfordshire
Fire	Hertfordshire
Ambulance	East of England
EU Parliament	East of England
UK Parliament	Broxbourne
List of places UK England Hertfordshire

Coordinates: 51°42′07″N 0°02′06″W / 51.702°N 0.035°W / 51.702; -0.035

Cheshunt /ˈtʃɛzənt/ is a dormitory town located 13 miles (21 km) north of central London, located entirely within the London Metropolitan Area and Greater London Urban Area and has a population of around 52,000 according to the United Kingdom's 2001 Census.^[1] It is located in the Borough of Broxbourne, in the south east of Hertfordshire.

History and geography

The Prime Meridian passes to the east of Cheshunt.

The town name comes from the Old English name (as recorded in the Domesday Book) for the area, Cestrehunt, which probably refers to a "castle, erected by the Romans", the word cestre (along with the form ceastre), or even its modern forms, chester and caster being derived from the Latin castrum meaning "fort".^[2][3] This is commemorated in the arms of the former Cheshunt urban district council.

Cheshunt was a settlement on Ermine Street, the main Roman road leading north from London. This origin was investigated by the television archaeology programme Time Team. Before the Norman Conquest, the manor of Cheshunt was held by Eddeva the Fair, but William I granted it to Alan of Brittany. The parish church of St Mary the Virgin was first recorded in a charter of 1146, but was entirely rebuilt between 1418 and 1448 with a three-stage tower topped by an octagonal turret.^[4]

As Princess Elizabeth, Queen Elizabeth I lived at Cheshunt in the care of Sir Anthony Denny, after she left Queen Catherine Parr's household in 1548.^[5] Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth, died here in 1712. In 1825, Cheshunt was also the location of the Cheshunt Railway. Running from the town's High Street to the River Lea near the present-day Cheshunt railway station, this 0.75 mi (1.21 km) horse-drawn line was the first passenger-carrying monorail and the first railway line to be built in Hertfordshire.^[6][7]

The town's Bury Green neighbourhood was once the home of singer Cliff Richard. Lotus Cars as well as the nationally famous Debenhams were also founded in Cheshunt, and the headquarters of Tesco, the UK's largest and most profitable supermarket chain, was located here until 2016. In 2002, Cheshunt hosted the only officially licensed European BotCon convention to date.

Services in Cheshunt include the Brookfield Centre, which includes Next, Boots, Argos, River Island and Marks & Spencer stores, as well as a large Tesco Extra store. There is a Marriott Hotel nearby, and the town centre includes a wide variety of smaller shops.

Being located in the Lea Valley, Cheshunt has access to the Lee Valley Park. The park is accessible at many points, one being extremely close to the town's railway station at Windmill Lane.

At 8:00 am on 12 August 1944 a Consolidated B-24 Liberator bomber belonging to the United States Army Air Forces 392nd Bombardment Group (Heavy) from RAF Wendling crashed next to Maxwells Farm, near Cheshunt killing all ten crew.^[8][9] The B198 which runs near the crash site has been renamed Lieutenant Ellis Way after the pilot had managed to avoid crashing into the nearby town, one of the firemen who attended the scene has recently secured funding for a permanent crash memorial at the scene.^[10] There is currently a memorial which has been set up along the named road, near St Mary's High School which is now situated in the immediate area.

Up until 2004, Theobalds Park was home to the famous Temple Bar, which was moved from London at the turn of the 19th century. The gateway was re-installed in London at Paternoster Square on the north side of St Paul's Cathedral. Cedars Park, Broxbourne, on the site of the historic Theobalds, is a public park that covers 19 hectares (47 acres) of parkland and includes a lake, turf play maze, bocce court, play mound (Venusberg), pet's corner, flint arch and historic walls, tea room and arts centre. The park received a Green Flag award in 2013.

Industry

Tesco House, the Tesco head office, in Cheshunt

Cheshunt's best-known employer is Tesco, whose head office has been in Cheshunt for many years. A small store has been in the town centre for many years and is still open today, together with "Home 'n' Wear" store (now closed) which was situated across the Old Pond in College Road.^[11] In 1983 a new out-of-town Tesco store located to the north of the town opened, named "Brookfield Farm". It later expanded, and a branch of Marks & Spencer built next door, the entire estate renamed "The Brookfield Centre". On 8 January 2015, Tesco announced among other major cost cutting measures that its headquarters were to move from Cheshunt to Welwyn Garden City.^[12]

In 1959, Colin Chapman moved his fledgling Lotus group of companies, including Lotus Cars and Team Lotus from its outgrown premises at Hornsey to a purpose built facility on Delamare Road. Racing cars from here won the first two of its seven constructor championships in (1963 and 1965) before moving to Hethel, Norfolk in 1966.

North Met Pit, flooded gravel workings

Until the late 1960s the main land use around Cheshunt was for its nursery industry, and many new techniques for growing under glass were developed here. Thomas Rochford had a large concern here, although now almost all the glasshouses have been re-developed into housing estates. This is often reflected in the names of the roads or estates, such as Rosedale or Thomas Rochford Way. A small amount of nursery trade survives to the west of the town. The neighbouring town of Goffs Oak still has a large number of nurseries as well as a large garden centre.

The River Lee Navigation passes through Cheshunt and was used for the transport of flowers and crops to the London markets for many years until road transport became more viable. A wharf existed just east of the railway on the site now occupied by Herts Young Mariners Base. The Youth Hostel was built on the site of the derelict open-air swimming pool.^[13] Photos of the pool are exhibited at the hostel.

"Cheshunt Compound", a fungicide developed at the Cheshunt Research Station was widely used by amateur and professional gardeners but has been withdrawn from sale in the UK since November 2010 and it is no longer legal to use it.^[14] It was a mixture of copper sulphate and ammonium carbonate.^[15]

From the end of World War II a large area of the River Lea flood plain was used for sand and gravel extraction which resulted in the creation of the now mature lakes which are popular with anglers, birdwatchers and naturalists. The area now forms part of the 1,000 acres (400 ha) River Lee Country Park and the Turnford and Cheshunt Pits SSSI.

Notable people

Cliff Richard performing in Sydney, Australia.

• Cliff Richard, singer, musician and actor
• Laura Trott, quadruple Olympic Gold Medal Cyclist
• Queen Elizabeth I - as Princess Elizabeth, lived here in her younger life
• Victoria Beckham, singer, fashion designer attended school at St Mary's High School, Cheshunt.
• Michael Birch, founder of Bebo
• Cardinal Wolsey - was given land in Cheshunt by King Henry VIII. A small park at Goffs Lane 51°42′26″N 0°03′16″W / 51.7071°N 0.0544°W / 51.7071; -0.0544 contains ruins of his manor - Cheshunt Great House.^[16] Wolsey Hall ^[17] a community centre is named after this ancestral resident. The Who once played at Wolsey Hall along with many other popular bands on 11 October 1964 under their then alter ego of The High Numbers.^[18]
• David Bentley - premiership football player with Arsenal and later Tottenham Hotspur attended Goffs School.
• Richard Cromwell, died in Cheshunt
• Michael Dobbs, writer and politician
• Linda Lusardi - former glamour model and actress - longtime Cheshunt resident
• Ryan Mason - premiership football player attended Cheshunt School
  

  Laura Trott is the first British woman to win four Olympic Gold Medals.
• Ralph Creed Meredith - Chaplain to George VI and Elizabeth II
• Billy Joe Saunders, boxer

Education

Cheshunt has four secondary schools: Cheshunt School; Haileybury Turnford; Goffs School; and St Mary's Church of England High School.

The non-conformist theological college Cheshunt College, moved to Cheshunt in the 1790s from Trevecca, Brecknockshire. It moved to Cambridge in 1905. Between 1909 and 1968 the buildings were occupied by the Church of England's Bishop's College.^[19] Since 1972 they have been council offices and formerly a music and business school (typing and accountancy), which had to be demolished due to it being unsafe. In the 80s parts of the building were so unsafe it was closed and demolished. The main problem was the floors had begun to disintegrate. A new council office was built on the site of the old school. The council chamber and registry office are now in the same building that contains the "Huntingdon Rooms".

Town centre

The Old Pond area is located in the centre of Cheshunt and is home to many local businesses. With roads leading to the M25, A10 and towards Broxbourne.

Before the 2012 London Olympics the Olympic Torch was carried close to the Old Pond by selected and nominated local residents. After the Olympics, gold medal winner Laura Trott had two postboxes painted gold in her honour, one at the Old Pond.^[20]

Music

Cheshunt's best-known son is the pop singer and actor Cliff Richard and the town was also home to the band Unit 4 + 2 whose song Concrete and Clay topped the UK charts in 1965. UFO drummer Andy Parker was born in the town in the 1950s. The popular underground band Neils Children, originate from the town.

Sport

Cheshunt has its own football Club in Cheshunt F.C. who play in the Isthmian League Division One North. Founded in 1946, their most famous player was Iain Dowie who played for them in the 1980s.

The town also has long-established rugby and cricket clubs and a publicly owned 18-hole golf course.^[21]

Tottenham Hotspur football club, most notably, have held training grounds in Cheshunt over the years.

Formerly Grundy Park Leisure Centre, the Laura Trott Leisure Centre was renamed after £4m redevelopment to honour the Olympic gold medallist. Trott attended the launch on the morning before competing in stage four of the first Women's Tour from Cheshunt to Welwyn Garden City.^[22]

Transport

Rail

Cheshunt Station is located in London Oyster Zone 8. Nearby stations include Theobalds Grove, Waltham Cross, Turkey Street, Southgate (Picadilly Line) and Loughton (Central Line).

The station is on both the standard British Rail network and the London Overground network. Services run towards Liverpool Street, Stratford, London Stansted Airport, Hertford East and Bishop's Stortford.^[23] The Stansted Express stops at Cheshunt Station, before directly heading to Stansted Airport, where it terminates.

Crossrail 2, the train line connecting North East London to South West London, if constructed, will stop at Cheshunt Station.^[24]

Preceding station	National Rail			Following station
Tottenham Hale or Waltham Cross		Abellio Greater Anglia West Anglia Main Line		Broxbourne
Waltham Cross or Edmonton Green		Abellio Greater Anglia Lea Valley Lines		Broxbourne
Tottenham Hale		Abellio Greater Anglia Stansted Express		Stansted Airport
London Overground
Theobalds Grove		Lea Valley Lines Cheshunt line		Terminus
	Future Development
Preceding station		Crossrail		Following station
Waltham Cross towards Hampton Court or Shepperton or Chessington South or Epsom		Crossrail Line 2		Broxbourne towards Hertford East

Road

Cheshunt is located on the A10 trunk road (also known locally as the Great Cambridge Road) which provides links to Junction 25 of the M25 London Orbital Motorway, Central London and Cambridge.

Bus

Cheshunt has a mixture of commercial and Hertfordshire County Council contract services. Most buses operate to Waltham Cross (where there are links to north London and Essex), Hoddesdon and Broxbourne. The towns of Hertford, Harlow, Potters Bar, and Waltham Abbey are also linked to Cheshunt. Buses are operated by Arriva, Centrebus, Metroline or Sullivan Buses.

Cycle

The Sustrans National Cycle Route 1 passes through Cheshunt as part of its route connecting Dover to Shetland. The Lee Valley Country Park is a cycle-friendly route that runs along the River Lea, connecting both cyclists and pedestrians to Ware, Hoddesdon, Waltham Abbey, Tottenham and Stratford.

Paul Cully Bridge

As part of the Connect2 project a new cycle link over the A10 was proposed in 2007.^[25] The scheme involved the building of a new cycle bridge over the A10 and connecting paths to link Theobalds Lane with Lieutenant Ellis Way. The bridge was opened in 2010 as the "Paul Cully Bridge" after a late local civil servant.^[26] £500,000 of this cost is funded by the Big Lottery Fund via the Connect2 project.^[27]

Town twinning

• Stains, France, in northern Paris.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cheshunt.

References

External links

• Herts Young Mariners Base
• Lee Valley Youth Hostel
• Additional Information about Cheshunt
• Lee Valley Park
• Cheshunt History
• Broxbourne Borough Council
• Lowewood Museum
• North Met fishery
• Cheshunt Comrades Club

Ceremonial county of Hertfordshire
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Boroughs or districts	Borough of Broxbourne Borough of Dacorum District of East Hertfordshire Borough of Hertsmere District of North Hertfordshire City and District of St Albans Borough of Stevenage District of Three Rivers Borough of Watford Borough of Welwyn Hatfield
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