Charnwood Forest

The summit of Beacon Hill
Bluebells in Swithland Wood
Charnwood Forest, as defined by Natural England
Old John, Bradgate Park

Charnwood Forest is an upland tract in north-western Leicestershire, England, bounded by Leicester, Loughborough and Coalville. The area is undulating, rocky and picturesque, with barren areas. It also has some extensive tracts of woodland; its elevation is generally 600 ft (180 m) and upwards, the area exceeding this height being about 6,100 acres (25 km2). The highest point, Bardon Hill, is 912 ft (278 m). On its western flank lies an abandoned coalfield, with Coalville and other former mining villages, now being regenerated and replanted as part of the National Forest. The M1 motorway, between junctions 22 and 23, cuts through Charnwood Forest.

The hard stone of Charnwood Forest has been quarried for centuries,[1] and was a source of whetstones and quern-stones. The granite quarries at Bardon Hill, Buddon Hill and Whitwick are of national importance and supply crushed aggregate, much by train, to a wide area of southern Britain.

The forest is an important recreational area with woodland walks, noted for their displays of bluebells in the early spring, rock climbing and hillwalking. Popular places with public access include Bardon Hill, Beacon Hill, Bradgate Park, Swithland Wood and the Outwoods and Stoneywell Cottage (National Trust ).

Extent

The area of hills and open land known as Charnwood Forest has no jurisdictional boundary. (The Borough of Charnwood covers roughly two thirds of Charnwood Forest, and the eastern half of the borough is not part of the forest). Furthermore, despite its name, Charnwood was never a royal forest, and was never subject to forest law.[2] So although it is an ancient and well established locality,[3] it has only recently been officially defined, by the Natural England national character area (NCA) process,[4][5] which takes a somewhat wider definition than many previous attempts to define the area.[6][7]

Geology

Many of the craggy rocks of Charnwood Forest are of volcanic origin and are very old, dating back through 600 million years to Precambrian times.[8] It was the site of the first ever recorded discovery of Charnia masoni, the earliest known large, complex fossilised species on record. It was discovered in 1957 by a local schoolboy named Roger Mason (thus masoni) who, with friends, was exploring a quarry near the Charnwood village of Woodhouse Eaves. The rocks of Charnwood Forest remain the only place in Western Europe where these Precambrian fossils have been found.[9] Along the western edge of Charnwood Forest the rocks are mainly Precambrian igneous Diorites. These formed from molten lava deep within the sedimentary rocks, cooling slowly to produce hard, blocky rock with large crystals. This is extensively quarried for roadstone around Groby, Markfield and Whitwick, and is known as granite (formerly also called Markfieldite).[10] The central area of the forest has older rocks still. These are sedimentary and are very variable in character, They were formed by material from volcanoes, settling in deep water, and it is in these beds that the fossils are found. Uplifting, tilting and erosion have produced the distinctive jagged outcrops found across the highest parts of Charnwood.[11] On the eastern side, a much more recent series of rocks are found. Again igneous Diorites, that formed deep underground, but these are Ordovician, from a mere 450 million years ago.[12] These are extensively quarried in the areas near Mountsorrel.

History

The earliest form of the name Charnwood is probably derived from cerne woda, from the Celtic carn, meaning cairn, and the Old English wudu, meaning wood. Some sources give cwern as the derivation, meaning a tool used to grind grain and other materials by hand. The area was a source of stone for these tools, called quern-stones.[13]

Archeological evidence has shown that the area was inhabited as far back as the Neolithic period, approximately 4,000–2,000 BC. Beacon Hill is the site of a Bronze Age hill fort, dating from between 600 BC – 43 AD. This forms one of the last surviving visible features in the landscape known to the Coritani, the tribe who occupied most of the East Midlands area at the time of the Roman Conquest.

According to Domesday Book, there was only one settlement in Charnwood Forest in 1086, at Charley whose name would appear to come from the same root, with the suffix -ley denoting open land, rather than forest.

In the 200 years after the Norman conquest, newly created settlements took major areas of land out of the forest for use in agriculture. Quorn was established between 1086 and 1153, and all the land up to Woodhouse had been reclaimed from the forest by 1228.

There were comparatively few major changes in land use in the post Medieval period, until the demand for timber and charcoal for the early Industrial Revolution contributed to a further loss of woodland. By the end of the 18th century, most of the woodland had disappeared leaving large areas of moorland and pasture.

In literature

The area was the inspiration for "Charnwood Poems", a collection of poems by the author, playwright and poet Albert Francis Cross (1863–1940). It is also the setting for the speculative fiction novel "Some Kind of Fairy Tale" by Graham Joyce (2012), in which it is depicted as a possible portal to the realm of fairies.

Wildlife and geological sites

Map showing sites in Charnwood Forest notable for wildlife and geology

Charnwood Forest covers approx 67 sq mi (170 km2) of Leicestershire, split over three local government districts: Charnwood Borough, North West Leicestershire District and Hinckley and Bosworth District. It includes a national nature reserve (NNR), 19 SSSIs (Some subdivided in the list of sites below), 4 GCR sites of international geological importance plus a further 6 GCR sites, 13 Regionally Important Geological Sites (RIGS), five local nature reserves (LNRs), seven Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust (LRWT) nature reserves, and 1 Woodland Trust woodland. 17 sites have open access to the public. Footpaths and bridleways give views and limited access to the other sites listed, and to the rest of the Charnwood Forest landscape. Over half of Charnwood Forest is included within the English National Forest. It is also crossed by two waymarked long distance walking routes – the Leicestershire Round and the Ivanhoe Way.[14] The 45 sites listed here include sites with statutory wildlife or geological designations, plus other sites included in published lists of notable sites. On both the map and table, green denotes a site open to the public, amber denotes a site with limited access or restricted by permit or membership. Red denotes a site with no public access except by special arrangement with the owners.

Sites in Charnwood Forest notable for Wildlife and Geology
Map No. Site Name Status Access Location and map link Area (ha) Habitat Ownership and details
1Breedon Cloud Wood and QuarrySSSI(B&G)[15] & RIGS[16]Restricted52°47′19″N 1°23′10″W / 52.7886°N 1.3860°W / 52.7886; -1.3860 (Breedon Cloud Wood and Quarry SSSI)
    SK415214 		63Ancient woodland and limestone quarryBreedon Cloud Wood is owned by LRWT. Permit needed.[17] Cloud Hill Quarry is owned by Ennstone Breedon Ltd.
2Shepshed CuttingSSSI(G)[15]Partial52°45′47″N 1°19′00″W / 52.7630°N 1.3168°W / 52.7630; -1.3168 (Shepshed Cutting SSSI)
    SK462186 		6.1Old Quarry with Galena of a type unknown elsewhere in the world.[18]The quarry is crossed by a disused railway cutting of the Charnwood Forest Railway which is now a path and cycleway and of the short-lived Charnwood Forest Canal.[19]
3Morley Quarry, ShepshedLNR,[20] GCR[21] & RIGS[22]Open52°45′24″N 1°17′46″W / 52.7566°N 1.2961°W / 52.7566; -1.2961 (Morley Quarry)
    SK476179 		3Disused quarryCharnwood Borough Council. Car Park off Iveshead Road.[22] Cliff faces show the oldest of Charnwood's Precambrian rocks and the Triassic unconformity.[23]
4Newhurst Quarry, ShepshedSSSI(G),[15] GCR[24] & RIGS[16]None52°45′23″N 1°16′58″W / 52.7565°N 1.2828°W / 52.7565; -1.2828 (Newhurst Quarry, Shepshed SSSI)
    SK485179 		9Quarry currently being used for waste disposalLandfill site managed by Biffa.[25] GCR listing for Mineralogy significance.[24]
5Holywell WoodWoodland[26] Private52°45′36″N 1°15′00″W / 52.7599°N 1.2501°W / 52.7599; -1.2501 (Holywell Wood)
    SK507183 		WoodlandPrivate. Public footpath runs along its northern edge from Snells Nook Lane.
6Longcliffe Quarry, ShepshedRIGS[16]None52°47′04″N 1°16′21″W / 52.7844°N 1.2726°W / 52.7844; -1.2726 (Longcliffe Quarry, Shepshed)
    SK492170 		Quarry siteMidland Quarry Products: working quarry.
7Ives HeadGCR(I)[21] & RIGS [27]Partial52°44′55″N 1°17′36″W / 52.7485°N 1.2933°W / 52.7485; -1.2933 (Ives Head)
    SK478170 		Old quarry and craggy hilltopPrivately owned disused quarry. A public bridleway passes 500m south of the summit (201m).
8Blackbrook ReservoirSSSI(B&G)[15] & GCR[21]Partial52°45′12″N 1°19′27″W / 52.7532°N 1.3243°W / 52.7532; -1.3243 (Blackbrook Reservoir SSSI)
    SK457175 		38.6Open water, wooded banks, wetlandsSevern Trent Water. Access to the viaduct and wooded slopes via One Barrow Lane.[28]
9Grace Dieu And High Sharpley SSSI (B&G)[15]Partial52°44′56″N 1°21′14″W / 52.7489°N 1.3540°W / 52.7489; -1.3540 (Grace Dieu And High Sharpley SSSI)
    SK437170 		89Heathland and Carbonifierous limestone outcropsPrivate owners. Adjoins National Forest access land and Grace Dieu Priory site.
10Cademan WoodWoodland[26] Partial52°44′56″N 1°21′09″W / 52.7489°N 1.3526°W / 52.7489; -1.3526 (Cademan Wood)
    SK438170 		Mixed woodland with rocky outcropsDe Lisle family. Public footpaths and informal open access.[29] Spectacular outcrops that formed very close to a Precambrian volcano.[23]
11Snibston Country Park and Grange Nature ReserveLNR[20] Open52°43′26″N 1°23′08″W / 52.7238°N 1.3855°W / 52.7238; -1.3855 (Snibston Country Park)
    SK416142 		40Woodland, meadow, marsh and pondsLeicestershire County Council.[30]
12Nature Alive! CoalvilleLNR[20]Open52°43′55″N 1°22′41″W / 52.7319°N 1.3780°W / 52.7319; -1.3780 (Nature Alive!)
    SK421151 		6Regenerated scrub and wetland on former industrial landNorth West Leicestershire District Council. Valuable site for dragonflies.[31]
13Whitwick QuarryRIGS[16]None52°44′20″N 1°20′16″W / 52.7389°N 1.3379°W / 52.7389; -1.3379 (Whitwick Quarry)
    SK448159 		Quarry siteMidland Quarry Products
14Mount St Bernard AbbeyAbbey[26] Partial52°44′29″N 1°19′28″W / 52.7415°N 1.3245°W / 52.7415; -1.3245 (Mount St Bernard's Abbey)
    SK457162 		Cistercian AbbeyVisitors to the Abbey and grounds are made welcome.[32] The crags around The Knoll show steeply dipping Charnian tuffs.[33]
15Charnwood LodgeNNR, SSSI(B&G)[15] & GCR[21]Restricted52°44′06″N 1°18′41″W / 52.7351°N 1.3113°W / 52.7351; -1.3113 (Charnwood Lodge SSSI)
    SK466155 		193.5Acid and heath grasslands with some mixed woodlandLRWT, permit needed for parts.[34] Timberwood Hill and Warren Hills are accessible under the right to roam.[35]
16Jubilee Wood, Woodhouse LanePublic woodlandOpen52°44′37″N 1°14′46″W / 52.7437°N 1.2460°W / 52.7437; -1.2460 (Jubilee Wood)
    SK510165 		10Mixed woodland and rocky outcropsLeicestershire County Council.[36]
17Loughborough Outwoods, Woodhouse LaneSSSI(B&G)[15] GCR (I)[21]Open52°44′21″N 1°14′19″W / 52.7392°N 1.2387°W / 52.7392; -1.2387 (Outwoods, Leicestershire SSSI)
    SK515160 		44.6Mixed woodland and rocky outcropsCharnwood Borough Council. Free car park.[37]
18Woodbrook and Deans WoodStream and woodland[26]Partial52°44′15″N 1°15′13″W / 52.7375°N 1.2535°W / 52.7375; -1.2535 (Woodbrook and Deans Wood)
    SK505158 		Charnwood stream and woodlandPermissive path from Jubilee wood to Deans Lane.[38]
19Charley WoodsNature reserveOpen52°43′44″N 1°17′48″W / 52.7288°N 1.2966°W / 52.7288; -1.2966 (Charley Woods)
    SK476148 		28.8Oak woodlandLRWT, open to the public.[39]
20Bardon Hill QuarrySSSI(G)[15] GCR[21] and RIGS[16]None52°42′55″N 1°19′19″W / 52.7154°N 1.3220°W / 52.7154; -1.3220 (Bardon Hill Quarry SSSI)
    SK459133 		79Quarry. Precambrian Igneous RocksAggregate Industries.
21Bardon HillSSSI(B)[15]Partial52°42′52″N 1°19′08″W / 52.7145°N 1.3190°W / 52.7145; -1.3190 (Bardon Hill SSSI)
    SK461132 		13High moorland, highest point in Leicestershire (278m)Private land. Access to the summit, via public footpaths with expansive views.[40]
22Beacon Hill, Woodhouse EavesSSSI(B&G)[15] GCR[21] & Ancient MonumentOpen52°43′36″N 1°14′30″W / 52.7266°N 1.2418°W / 52.7266; -1.2418 (Beacon Hill, Leicestershire SSSI)
    SK513146 		135Heathland, rocks, woodland hillfortLeicestershire County Council.[41]
23Broombriggs Farm and Windmill HillFarm TrailOpen52°43′29″N 1°13′38″W / 52.7247°N 1.2271°W / 52.7247; -1.2271 (Broombriggs Farm and Windmill Hill)]
    SK523144 		55Farmland and heathLeicestershire County Council. Pay car park.[42]
24Buddon BrookStream[26] Partial52°44′07″N 1°10′41″W / 52.7352°N 1.1780°W / 52.7352; -1.1780 (Buddon Brook)
    SK556156 		Stream habitatPrivate farmland. A public footpath runs beside the stream.
25Buddon WoodSSSI(B&G)[15] and RIGS[16]None52°43′54″N 1°10′30″W / 52.7316°N 1.1751°W / 52.7316; -1.1751 (Buddon Wood SSSI)
    SK558152 		89Ancient Oak woodland, now mostly quarried away,Private – including Lafarge Aggregates.[43]
26Main Quarry, MountsorrelSSSI(G)[15] & GCR[44]None52°43′40″N 1°08′49″W / 52.7278°N 1.1470°W / 52.7278; -1.1470 (Main Quarry, Mountsorrel SSSI)
    SK577148 		14Quarry siteLafarge Aggregates. Largest manmade hole in Europe.School visits are possible.[45]
27Swithland Reservoir and Brazil IslandSSSI (B&G)[15] and RIGSPartial52°43′21″N 1°10′20″W / 52.72260°N 1.1723°W / 52.72260; -1.1723 (Swithland Reservoir SSSI)
    SK560142 		98Open water, wooded banksSevern Trent Water. Limited road and footpath access. Excellent views from Great Central Railway, which crosses the reservoir via Brazil Island.
28The Brand, SwithlandSSSI(B&G)[15] & GCR[21]None52°42′53″N 1°12′29″W / 52.7147°N 1.2080°W / 52.7147; -1.2080 (The Brand, Swithland)
    SK536133 		18Oak woodland, grassy heath and old slate quarriesPrivate (Martin family). Occasional open days.[27]
29Roecliffe Manor LawnsSSSI(B)[15]None52°42′27″N 1°12′56″W / 52.7076°N 1.2155°W / 52.7076; -1.2155 (Roecliffe Manor Lawns SSSI)
    SK531125 		1.2Species rich grassland with rare fungiPrivate (Cottingham family).
30Swithland WoodSSSI(B&G)[15]Open52°42′21″N 1°12′08″W / 52.7057°N 1.2022°W / 52.7057; -1.2022 (Swithland Wood SSSI)
    SK540123 		61Ancient Woodland and disused slate quarriesBradgate Park Trust. Pay car parks.
31Benscliffe WoodSSSI(B)[15]None52°42′34″N 1°14′26″W / 52.7095°N 1.2406°W / 52.7095; -1.2406 (Benscliffe Wood SSSI)
    SK514127 		10Mixed woodlandPrivate wood. Particularly rich in lichen species.
32Ulverscroft Nature Reserve, Whitcroft's LaneNature reserveRestricted52°42′26″N 1°16′34″W / 52.7071°N 1.2762°W / 52.7071; -1.2762 (Ulverscroft Nature Reserve)
    SK490124 		56Mixed woodland, marshy grassland and meadowNT, managed by LRWT (NT members need LRWT permit).[46]
33Rocky Plantation, Nr MarkfieldNature reserveRestricted52°42′06″N 1°16′19″W / 52.7016°N 1.2719°W / 52.7016; -1.2719 (Rocky Plantation)
    SK493118 		3.4Mixed woodland and rocky outcropsNT, managed by LRWT. Open to Wildlife Trust and National Trust members only.[47]
34Lea Meadows, Ulverscroft LaneSSSI[15]Open52°41′56″N 1°15′10″W / 52.6988°N 1.2527°W / 52.6988; -1.2527 (Lea Meadows SSSI)
    SK506115 		12MeadowLRWT, open to the public.[48]
35Billa Barra HillLNR[20] & RIGS[16]Open52°41′51″N 1°18′32″W / 52.6974°N 1.3089°W / 52.6974; -1.3089 (Billa Barra Hill)
    SK468113 		20Old quarry, grassland, mature and recent woodland.Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council. Open to the public. Car Park on Billa Barra Lane.[49]
36New Cliffe Hill QuarryRIGS[16]None52°41′34″N 1°18′59″W / 52.6929°N 1.3164°W / 52.6929; -1.3164 (New Cliffe Hill Quarry)
    SK463108 		243Quarry. Precambrian RocksMidland Quarry Products: working quarry (A tunnel links this to Cliffe Hill Quarry).[50]
37Cliffe Hill QuarrySSSI(G)[15] GCR (I)[21] and RIGS[16]None52°41′24″N 1°17′55″W / 52.6901°N 1.2987°W / 52.6901; -1.2987 (Cliffe Hill Quarry SSSI)
    SK475105 		37Quarry. Precambrian RocksMidland Quarry Products: working quarry.[51]
38Altar Stones, MarkfieldNature reserveOpen52°41′30″N 1°17′02″W / 52.6918°N 1.2839°W / 52.6918; -1.2839 (Altar Stones, Markfield)
    SK485107 		3.7Rough heath grassland with rock outcropsLRWT, open to the public.[52]
39Hill Hole Quarry, MarkfieldNature reserve and RIGS[16]Open52°41′14″N 1°16′57″W / 52.6873°N 1.2825°W / 52.6873; -1.2825 (Hill Hole Quarry)
    SK486102 		5.4Flooded quarry, rock faces and grasslandHinckley and Bosworth Borough Council. Open to the public.[53] The old quarry faces show the youngest of the area's Precambrian rocks. [54]
40Cropston ReservoirSSSI(B&G)[15]None52°41′38″N 1°11′37″W / 52.6939°N 1.1936°W / 52.6939; -1.1936 (Cropston Reservoir SSSI)
    SK546110 		55Open water, wetlandsSevern Trent Water. No access but with good views from Bradgate Park.
41Bradgate ParkSSSI(B&G)[15] GCR(I)[21]Open52°41′30″N 1°13′17″W / 52.6917°N 1.2214°W / 52.6917; -1.2214 (Bradgate Park SSSI)
    SK530110 		340Bracken heath, rocks, river, woodland, ancient oaksBradgate Park Trust. Pay car parks.
42Sheet Hedges Wood, Newtown LinfordSSSI(B)[15]Open52°40′25″N 1°13′35″W / 52.6735°N 1.2265°W / 52.6735; -1.2265 (Sheet Hedges Wood SSSI)
    SK524087 		30Mixed woodlandLeicestershire County Council. Free car park near Groby Pool.[55]
43Groby PoolSSSI(B)[15]Partial52°40′08″N 1°13′41″W / 52.6690°N 1.2280°W / 52.6690; -1.2280 (Groby Pool SSSI)
    SK523082 		28Open water, wetlandsAmalgamated Roadstone Corp. One side has good roadside paths and access with a large nearby free car park.
44Groby QuarryRIGS[16]None52°40′12″N 1°13′30″W / 52.6699°N 1.2251°W / 52.6699; -1.2251 (Groby Quarry)
    SK525083 		Working QuarryAmalgamated Roadstone Corporation (ARC)
45Martinshaw WoodPublic woodland[26]Open52°39′36″N 1°14′51″W / 52.6601°N 1.2474°W / 52.6601; -1.2474 (Martinshaw Wood)
    SK510072 		102Mixed woodlandWoodland Trust.[56]

Abbreviations used in the table: National nature reserve (NNR). Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) (B=Biological, G=Geological). Geological Conservation Review (GCR)(I=of International importance).[57] Regionally Important Geological Site (RIGS). Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust (LRWT). National Trust (NT). Local nature reserve (LNR).

See also

Notes

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Charnwood Forest". Encyclopædia Britannica. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

  1. ↑ Ambrose 2007, p. 42.
  2. ↑ Squires 1986, p. 10.
  3. ↑ Squires 1986, p. 11.
  4. ↑ Hirst 1997.
  5. ↑ "Natural England Access to Evidence - National Character Areas" (PDF). Naturalengland.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  6. ↑ Crocker 1981, p. 13.
  7. ↑ Webster 1997, p. 42.
  8. ↑ Ambrose 2007, p. 2.
  9. ↑ Carney 2010.
  10. ↑ Ambrose 2007, p. 27.
  11. ↑ Ambrose 2007, p. 14.
  12. ↑ Ambrose 2007, p. 6.
  13. ↑ "Charnwood History Overview". People Making Places 2000: A creative Map of Charnwood. Retrieved 2010-08-07.
  14. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 "Designated Sites View". English-nature.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  17. ↑ "Cloud Wood - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust". Lrwt.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  18. ↑ "County: Leicestershire, Site name: Shepshed Cutting, District: Charnwood" (PDF). English-nature.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  19. ↑ Ambrose 2007, p. 36.
  20. 1 2 3 4 "Natural England - Special Sites". English-nature.org.uk. 2013-10-20. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Carney 2000, p. 16.
  22. 1 2 "Morley Quarry LNR" (PDF). Nationalforest.org. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  23. 1 2 Ambrose 2007, p. 18.
  24. 1 2 Bevins 2010, p. 8.
  25. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 March 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Webster 1997, p. 41.
  27. 1 2 Crocker, J and Daws, J, 1996 Spiders of Leicestershire, p.207
  28. ↑ Ambrose 2007, p. 33.
  29. ↑ "Grace Dieu and Cademan Woods". Leioc.org.uk. 2013-06-27. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  30. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 October 2010. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  31. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 July 2008. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  32. ↑ "Home". Mount Saint Bernard. 2016-04-09. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  33. ↑ Ambrose 2007, p. 34.
  34. ↑ "Charnwood Lodge - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust". Lrwt.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  35. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 October 2010. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  36. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  37. ↑ "The Outwoods - Parks and open spaces - Charnwood Borough Council". Charnwood.gov.uk. 2016-06-02. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  38. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  39. ↑ "Charley Woods - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust". Lrwt.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  40. ↑ Ambrose 2007, p. 16.
  41. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  42. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 11 January 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  43. ↑ "Mountsorrel Granite Quarry information and photos". Aditnow.co.uk. 2007-11-02. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  44. ↑ carney 2000, p. 16.
  45. ↑ "Bulk & Packed Cement | Lafarge Cement" (PDF). Lafarge.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  46. ↑ "Ulverscroft - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust". Lrwt.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  47. ↑ "Rocky Plantation - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust". Lrwt.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  48. ↑ "Lea Meadows - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust". Lrwt.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  49. ↑ "About Billa Barra Hill | Billa Barra Hill | Hinckley & Bosworth Borough Council". Hinckley-bosworth.gov.uk. 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  50. ↑ "New Cliffe Hill Quarry, Stanton under Bardon, Leicestershire, England, UK". Mindat.org. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  51. ↑ "Grace Dieu Wood | Visit National Forest". Nationalforest.org. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  52. ↑ "Altar Stones - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust". Lrwt.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  53. ↑ "About Hill Hole Quarry | Hill Hole Quarry | Hinckley & Bosworth Borough Council". Hinckley-bosworth.gov.uk. 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  54. ↑ Ambrose 2007, p. 35.
  55. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  56. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  57. ↑ Carney 2000, p. 17.

References

External links

Coordinates: 52°42′N 1°15′W / 52.70°N 1.25°W / 52.70; -1.25

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