Cessna Citation I
| Citation I / I/SP | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A Cessna Citation I/SP | |
| Role | Corporate jet |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Cessna |
| First flight | September 15, 1969 (FanJet 500) |
| Produced | 1969-1985 |
| Number built | 689[1] |
| Variants | Cessna Citation II |
The Cessna 500 Citation I is a turbofan-powered small-sized business jet that was built by the Cessna Aircraft Company in Wichita, Kansas. The Citation line of business jets encompasses several distinct aircraft families, and the Citation I was the basis for the first of those. The Citation I/SP aircraft is another member of this family.
Design and development
FanJet 500
In October, 1968, Cessna announced plans to build an eight-place business jet that, unlike its competition, would be suitable for operations from shorter airfields, essentially aiming to compete in the light-to-medium twin turboprop market, rather than the existing business jet market. First flight of the prototype aircraft, then called the FanJet 500, took place a little under a year later, on September 15, 1969[2]
Citation I series
After a longer-than-expected development flight test program, during which the name Citation 500 was tried, and a number of changes to the design, the finished aircraft was debuted with the new name Citation (Model 500) and received its FAA certification in September, 1971. The aircraft was powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D-1 turbofan engines. With fan engines, rather than turbojet engines such as powered the contemporary Learjet 25, and straight, rather than swept wings, the Citation was over 120 knots (220 km/h) slower than the Lear 25 (max speed of 350 knots (650 km/h) compared with 473 knots (876 km/h) for the LJ25), which led to nicknames such as "Slowtation" and "Nearjet", and raised eyebrows in the aviation media.[2][3] The Citation I had a maximum take-off weight of 10,850 lb (4,920 kg), and a maximum of 8 people on board.[4]
In 1976, several product improvements were added to the aircraft in response to market pressures, including a longer span wing (47 ft 1 in vs 43 ft 11 in),[5] higher maximum gross weight and thrust reversers, which made shorter landing fields available to customers. With these improvements came the name Citation I[2]
When production on the Citation I finally ended in 1985, 377 airframes had been built.[6] The aircraft's position in the Citation product line was not filled until much later, with the introduction of the Cessna CitationJet.
Like the Learjets, the Citation I required a crew of two. But since the Citation was intended to be marketed against twin turboprops, which can be flown by a single pilot, this restriction limited its intended market. Cessna's answer was the Model 501 Citation I/SP, with SP referring to its certified single-pilot capability. The aircraft was first delivered in early 1977, and a total of 312 aircraft were produced, and production also ended in 1985.[2][7] New York Yankees catcher Thurman Munson was killed in his Citation I/SP on August 2, 1979 while practicing touch-and-go landings.[8]
Variants
- FanJet 500, the prototype for the original Citation family, first flew 1969-09-15.[2]
- Citation I (Model 500) originally called the Citation 500 before Cessna finally settled on Citation I, by which time the design had changed quite a bit from the FanJet 500. The original Citation I was one of the first light corporate jets to be powered by turbofan engines. Production ceased in 1985.[6]
- Citation I/SP (Model 501) single-pilot operations[7]
Operators
Civil operators
- FlyDirect
Military operators
Specifications (Cessna Citation I)
Data from Jane's Civil and Military Aircraft Upgrades 1994-95 [10]
General characteristics
- Crew: Two [11]
- Capacity: Five passengers
- Length: 43 ft 6 in (13.26 m)
- Wingspan: 47 ft 1 in (14.35 m)
- Height: 14 ft 3 in (4.37 m)
- Wing area: 278.5 ft² (25.9 m²)
- Empty weight: 6,631 lb (3,008 kg)
- Max. takeoff weight: 11,850 lb (5,375 kg)
- Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D-1B turbofan, 2,200 lbf (9.77 kN) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: Mach 0.705 (465.3 mph) (above 28,000 ft (8,530 m))
- Cruise speed: 357 knots (411 mph, 662 km/h) at 35,000 ft (10,670 m)
- Stall speed: 82 knots (95 mph, 152 km/h)
- Range: 1,328 NM (1,528 mi, 2,459 km) (45 min reserves, max fuel, 1,562 lb payload)
- Service ceiling: 41,000 ft (12,495 m)
- Rate of climb: 2,719 ft/min (13.8 m/s)
- Wing loading: 42.5 lb/ft² (208 kg/m²)
- Thrust/weight: 0.37
See also
- Related development
References
- ↑ "500-Series Technical Review". Textron Aviation. April 28, 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 The Cessna 500 & 501 Citation, Citation I & Citation I/SP at Airliners.net
- ↑ Aircraft Nicknames
- ↑ BBC NEWS | UK | Bodies recovered from fatal crash
- ↑ Taylor 1976, p.275.
- 1 2 Citation I info from Aviation Safety Network
- 1 2 Citation I/SP info from Aviation Safety Network
- ↑ NTSB Thurman Munson accident brief
- ↑ Flores 2001, p. 301.
- ↑ Michell 1994, p.300-301.
- ↑ One pilot on I/SP
- Flores, Santiago A. "From Cavalry to Close Air Support". Air International. May 2001, Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 298–303. ISSN 0306-5634
- Michell, Simon. Jane's Civil and Military Upgrades 1994-95. Coulsdon, Surrey UK:Jane's Information Group, 1994. ISBN 0-7106-1208-7.
- Taylor, J.W.R. (editor) Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1976-77. London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1976. ISBN 0-354-00538-3.
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