Cervical lymph nodes

This article is about lymph nodes in the neck. For lymph nodes near the cervix, see external iliac lymph nodes and inguinal lymph nodes.
Cervical lymph nodes

Regional lymph tissue. (Cervical near top, in green.)⋅

Deep Lymph Nodes
1. Submental
2. Submandibular (Submaxillary)

Anterior Cervical Lymph Nodes (Deep)
3. Prelaryngeal
4. Thyroid
5. Pretracheal
6. Paratracheal

Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
7. Lateral jugular
8. Anterior jugular
9. Jugulodigastric

Inferior Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
10. Juguloomohyoid
11. Supraclavicular (scalene)
Details
Latin Nodi lymphoidei cervicales

Anatomical terminology

Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck. Of the 800 lymph nodes in the human body, 300 are in the neck.[1] Cervical lymph nodes are subject to a number of different pathological conditions including tumours, infection and inflammation.[2]

Structure

There are approximately 300 lymph nodes in the neck, and they can be classified in many different ways.[1]

Commonly used systems have been devised by the American Academy of Otolaryngology and the American Joint Committee on Cancer.[3]

One system divides the nodes as follows:[4][5]

Clinical significance

Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) affects the cervical lymph nodes which become swollen.

The characterization of cancerous lymph nodes on CT scan, MRI or ultrasound is difficult, and usually requires confirmation by other nuclear imaging techniques such as PET scans. Tissue diagnosis by fine needle aspiration (which has a high rate of accuracy), may also be required. Cervical lymph node metastasis is a common feature of papillary thyroid carcinoma[6][7]

History

Henri Rouvière produced an influential classification in 1938.[8] However, this system was based upon anatomical landmarks found in dissection, making it imperfectly suited to the needs of clinicians, which led to new terminology for the lymph nodes that could be palpated.

More recently, classification systems have been proposed organized around what can be observed via diagnostic imaging.[9]

Additional images

References

  1. 1 2 "I. Classification". Retrieved 2008-02-16.
  2. ↑ Eisenmenger, LB; Wiggins RH, 3rd (January 2015). "Imaging of head and neck lymph nodes.". Radiologic clinics of North America. 53 (1): 115–32. doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2014.09.011. PMID 25476176.
  3. ↑ Som PM, Curtin HD, Mancuso AA (1999). "An imaging-based classification for the cervical nodes designed as an adjunct to recent clinically based nodal classifications". Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 125 (4): 388–96. doi:10.1001/archotol.125.4.388. PMID 10208676.
  4. ↑ "Neck Dissection". Retrieved 2008-02-16.
  5. ↑ archotol.ama-assn.org
  6. ↑ Chen, C. C.; Lin, J. C.; Chen, K. W. (2015). "Lymph node ratio as a prognostic factor in head and neck cancer patients". Radiation Oncology. 10: 181. doi:10.1186/s13014-015-0490-9. PMC 4554293Freely accessible. PMID 26302761.
  7. ↑ Park, C. H.; Song, C. M.; Ji, Y. B.; Pyo, J. Y.; Yi, K. J.; Song, Y. S.; Park, Y. W.; Tae, K (2015). "Significance of the Extracapsular Spread of Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma". Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology. 8 (3): 289–94. doi:10.3342/ceo.2015.8.3.289. PMC 4553362Freely accessible. PMID 26330926.
  8. ↑ Rouvière H. Lymphatic system of the head and neck. Tobias M, Translator. Ann Arbor, MI: Edwards Brothers, 1938.
  9. ↑ Chong V (2004). "Cervical lymphadenopathy: what radiologists need to know". Cancer Imaging. 4 (2): 116–20. doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2004.0020. PMC 1434593Freely accessible. PMID 18250018.

External links

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