Canadian Citizenship Act 1946

Canadian Citizenship Act, 1946
An Act Respecting Citizenship, Naturalization and the Status of Aliens[1]
Citation S.C. 1946, c. 15
Enacted by Parliament of Canada
Date assented to June 27, 1946
Date commenced January 1, 1947
Legislative history
Introduced by Paul Martin, Sr., Secretary of State for Canada
First reading April 2, 1946
Canadian citizenship
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The Canadian Citizenship Act, S.C. 1946, c. 15, is an Act of the Parliament of Canada which separated Canadian citizenship from British nationality.[2][3]

Before 1947

The status of "Canadian citizen" was originally created under the Immigration Act, 1910,[4] to designate those British subjects who were born, naturalized or domiciled in Canada.[5] All other British subjects required permission to land. "Domicile" was defined as having been resident in Canada for three years, excluding any time spent in prisons or mental institutions.[5]

A separate status of "Canadian national" was created under the Canadian Nationals Act, 1921,[5][6] which was defined as being a Canadian citizen as defined above, their wives, and any children (fathered by such citizens) that had not yet landed in Canada.

However, these concepts were merely subsets of the status of "British subject", which was regulated by the Imperial British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914,[7] which was adopted in Canada by the Naturalization Act, 1914.[8]

Creation of Canadian Citizenship, January 1947

Canadian citizenship, as a status separate from British nationality, was created by the Canadian Citizenship Act, 1946, which came into effect on 1 January 1947.

Canadian citizenship was generally conferred immediately on the following persons:[9]

In the latter two cases, a "Canadian" was a British subject who would have been considered a Canadian citizen if the 1947 Act had come into force immediately before the marriage or birth (as the case may be).

Where the child born outside Canada was not a minor (i.e., was not under 21 years in age) at the time the Act came into force, proof of landed immigrant status was required to confirm Canadian citizenship.

Acquisition and loss of citizenship, 1947-1977

In addition to those people who became Canadian citizens upon the coming into force of the Act (popularly known as the "1947 Act" due to the year it came into force), citizenship afterwards was generally acquired as follows:

First Canadian Citizenship ceremony on January 3, 1947 in Ottawa

Loss of Canadian citizenship generally occurred in the following cases:

Although Canada restricted dual citizenship between 1947 and 1977, there were some situations where Canadians could nevertheless legally possess another citizenship. For example, migrants becoming Canadian citizens were not asked to formally prove that they had ceased to hold the nationality of their former country. Similarly children born in Canada to non-Canadian parents were not under any obligation to renounce a foreign citizenship they had acquired by descent. Holding a foreign passport did not in itself cause loss of Canadian citizenship.

A notable exception to the 1947 act is the annexation of Newfoundland to Canada in 1949, whereby all native or naturalized Newfoundlanders were granted Canadian citizenship under the laws stated in the citizenship act, upon the date of union on April 1, 1949.[10]

1977 reform

The Act was replaced on 15 February 1977 by the Canadian Citizenship Act, 1976,[11] now known as the Citizenship Act.[12]

See also

External links

References

  1. "Grade Eight Social Studied Unit Two". Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 2012-12-25.
  2. "Forging Our Legacy". Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  3. "Canadian Citizenship Act and current issues -BP-445E". Government of Canada - Law and Government Division. 2002. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
  4. S.C. 1910, c. 27
  5. 1 2 3 Flournoy, Richard W; Hudson, Manley Ottmer (1983) [1930]. A Collection of nationality laws of various countries, as contained in ... F.B. Rothman. p. 73. ISBN 0837705444. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
  6. S.C. 1921, c. 4
  7. "British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-03-09.
  8. S.C. 1914, c. 44
  9. "Operational Manual CP10 - Proof of Citizenship" (PDF). Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Retrieved 2012-03-13., at 2.7, "Documents establishing citizenship"
  10. https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-7127.17-e.html
  11. S.C. 1974-75-76, c. 108
  12. R.S.C., 1985, c. C-29
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