Callophrys sheridanii

Callophrys sheridanii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Lycaenidae
Genus:	Callophrys
Species:	C. sheridanii
Binomial name
Callophrys sheridanii W. H. Edwards, 1877[1]
Synonyms
Callophrys sheridani[2]

Callophrys sheridanii, common name Sheridan's Hairstreak and Sheridan's Green Hairstreak, is a butterfly in the Lycaenidae family. It is found along the south coast of British Columbia and parts of Nevada, Arizona, Saskatchewan, North Dakota, and New Mexico. In 2009, this species was adopted as the U.S. state butterfly for Wyoming.^[3]

Description

This small, tail-less^[4] butterfly has a wingspan of 20–24 millimetres (0.8–0.9 in).^[1] The upperside is dark gray-brown, with underside colour ranging from a bright green to dark gray-green. The lower part of the forewing is gray. Callophrys sheridanii has a white postmedian line of dots that may be straight or bluged out, and even reduced or absent. It is named for its characteristic straight, white line crossing the underside of both wings,^[4] although this may be less distinct in specimens from southern British Columbia.^[1][5]

Distribution

Although uncommon in Canada,^[1] this species is found from southern Alberta east to British Columbia.^[4][6] From British Columbia, the range extends south through Eastern Washington down to the Sierra Nevada of California. From Alberta, the species extends southward through the Rocky Mountains down to New Mexico.^[1][4][6]

Range and habitat

Callophrys sheridanii remains within a range of approximately 6,000–10,000 feet (1,800–3,000 m), living in such environments as sagebrush scrub, dry, brushy hillsides in badlands, chaparral, woodlands, subalpine scree, open hillsides, and on canyon slopes and washes.^{[1][4][6][7][8]}

Life history

Females have one brood between April and May.^[4] They lay eggs singly various species of wild buckwheat leaves. The eggs are flattened and hemispherical in shape, and very pale green in colour. The larvae range from a green to pink colour and feed on buckwheat.^[4] The caterpillars are a light green to pink colour, and are covered with bunches of short stiff pines. They have two rows of white spots running down the back. They eat the leaves, but in some prefer to eat the flowers and young fruits. Chrysalids then hibernate.^[1][6] In Washington State, the caterpillars feed on Sulphur Umbrella Plants (Eriogonum umbellatum).^[1] In adulthood, males perch looking for female mates in depressions or gulch bottoms. The adults drink flower nectar.^[6] They take one flight between March and June,^[1] with specimens from British Columbia flying from mid-April to late May, while specimens in Alberta flying mid-May until late June.^[9]

Host plants

Callophrys sheridanii larvae and caterpillars feed on various species of wild buckwheat, including Eriogonum racemosum^[1][10] and Eriogonum heracleoides.^[11]

Subspecies

• Callophrys sheridani sheridanii, 'White-lined Sheridan's Hairstreak'
• Callophrys sheridani comstocki, 'Desert Sheridan's Hairstreak'
• Callophrys sheridani lemberti, 'Alpine Sheridan's Hairstreak'^[2]
• Callophrys sheridani pseudodumetorum^[12][13][14]
• Callophrys sheridani newcomeri, 'Whitelined Green Hairstreak'^[15] (occurs in southern British Columbia)^[1]
• Callophrys sheridani neoperplexa, 'Sheridan's Green Hairstreak'^[16] (occurs in southwestern Alberta)^[1]

Similar Species

All green hairstreaks appear very similar.^[4]

Conservation status

Although quite rare in certain parts of its range, conservation is usually not required.^[6]

See also

• List of butterflies of North America

Further reading

• Ross A. Layberry, Peter W. Hall, and J. Donald Lafontaine (1998), The Butterflies of Canada, University of Toronto Press

References

External links

• Images
• Images
• Images of Callophrys sheridani neoperplexa
• Skeletonizing of the leaf of subspecies Callophrys sheridani neoperplexa