Caldwell catalogue

Montage of Caldwell Catalogue objects.

The Caldwell Catalogue is an astronomical catalogue of 109 star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies for observation by amateur astronomers. The list was compiled by Patrick Moore as a complement to the Messier Catalogue.[1]

While the Messier Catalogue is used by amateur astronomers as a list of deep-sky objects for observation, Moore noted that Messier's list was not compiled for that purpose and did not include many of the sky's brightest deep-sky objects,[1] such as the Hyades, the Double Cluster (NGC 869 and NGC 884), and the Sculptor Galaxy (NGC 253) (the Messier Catalogue was actually compiled as a list of known objects that might be confused with comets). Moore also observed that since Messier compiled his list from observations in Paris, it did not include bright deep-sky objects visible in the Southern Hemisphere, such as Omega Centauri, Centaurus A, the Jewel Box, and 47 Tucanae.[1][2] Moore compiled a list of 109 objects – to match the commonly accepted number of Messier objects (he excluded M110[3]) – and the list was published in Sky & Telescope in December 1995.[3]

Moore used his other surname (Caldwell) to name the list, as the first letter of "Moore" is already used for the Messier Catalogue.[1][4] Entries in the catalogue are designated with a "C" and the catalogue number (1 to 109).

Unlike objects in the Messier catalogue, which are listed roughly in the order of discovery by Messier and his colleagues,[5] the Caldwell catalogue is ordered by declination, with C1 being the most northerly and C109 being the most southerly,[1] although two objects (NGC 4244 and the Hyades) are listed out of sequence.[1] Other errors in the original list have since been corrected: it incorrectly identified the S Norma Cluster (NGC 6087) as NGC 6067 and incorrectly labelled the Lambda Centauri Cluster (IC 2944) as the Gamma Centauri Cluster.[1]

Caldwell star chart

Number of objects by type in the Caldwell catalogue

Dark nebulae 1
Galaxy 35
Globular clusters 18
Nebulae 9
Star Clusters 25
Star Clusters and Nebulae 6
Planetary Nebulae 13
Supernova remnant 2
Total 109

Caldwell objects

  Star cluster   Nebula   Galaxy

Caldwell number NGC number Common name Picture Object type Distance to object in thousands of light years Constellation Apparent magnitude
001C1 NGC 188   Open Cluster 4.8 Cepheus 8.1
002C2 NGC 40 Bow-Tie Nebula Planetary Nebula 3.5 Cepheus 11
003C3 NGC 4236   Barred Spiral Galaxy 7,000 Draco 9.7
004C4 NGC 7023 Iris Nebula Open Cluster and Nebula 1.4 Cepheus 7
005C5 IC 342   Spiral Galaxy 10,000 Camelopardalis 9
006C6 NGC 6543 Cat's Eye Nebula Planetary Nebula 3 Draco 9
007C7 NGC 2403   Spiral Galaxy 14,000 Camelopardalis 8.4
008C8 NGC 559   Open Cluster 3.7 Cassiopeia 9.5
009C9 Sh2-155 Cave Nebula Nebula 2.8 Cepheus 7.7
010C10 NGC 663   Open Cluster 7.2 Cassiopeia 7.1
011C11 NGC 7635 Bubble Nebula Nebula 7.1 Cassiopeia -
012C12 NGC 6946 Fireworks Galaxy Spiral Galaxy 18,000 Cepheus 8.9
013C13 NGC 457 Owl Cluster, E.T. Cluster Open Cluster - Cassiopeia 6.4
014C14 NGC 869 & NGC 884 Double Cluster, H & χ Persei Open Cluster 7.3 Perseus 4
015C15 NGC 6826 Blinking Planetary Planetary Nebula 2.2 Cygnus 10
016C16 NGC 7243   Open Cluster 2.5 Lacerta 6.4
017C17 NGC 147   Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy 2,300 Cassiopeia 9.3
018C18 NGC 185   Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy 2,300 Cassiopeia 9.2
019C19 IC 5146 Cocoon Nebula Open Cluster and Nebula 3.3 Cygnus 7.2
020C20 NGC 7000 North America Nebula Nebula 1.8 Cygnus 4
021C21 NGC 4449   Irregular galaxy 10,000 Canes Venatici 9.4
022C22 NGC 7662 Blue Snowball Planetary Nebula 3.2 Andromeda 9
023C23 NGC 891   Spiral Galaxy 31,000 Andromeda 10
024C24 NGC 1275 Perseus A Type-cD galaxy 230,000 Perseus 11.6
025C25 NGC 2419   Globular Cluster 275 Lynx 10.4
026C26 NGC 4244   Spiral Galaxy 10,000 Canes Venatici 10.2
027C27 NGC 6888 Crescent Nebula Nebula 4.7 Cygnus 7.4
028C28 NGC 752   Open Cluster 1.2 Andromeda 5.7
029C29 NGC 5005   Spiral Galaxy 69,000 Canes Venatici 9.8
030C30 NGC 7331   Spiral Galaxy 47,000 Pegasus 9.5
031C31 IC 405 Flaming Star Nebula Nebula 1.6 Auriga -
032C32 NGC 4631 Whale Galaxy Barred Spiral Galaxy 22,000 Canes Venatici 9.3
033C33 NGC 6992 East Veil Nebula Supernova Remnant 2.5 Cygnus -
034C34 NGC 6960 West Veil Nebula Supernova Remnant 2.5 Cygnus -
035C35 NGC 4889   Type-cD galaxy 300,000 Coma Berenices 11.4
036C36 NGC 4559   Spiral Galaxy 32,000 Coma Berenices 9.9
037C37 NGC 6885   Open Cluster 1.95 Vulpecula 6
038C38 NGC 4565 Needle Galaxy Spiral Galaxy 32,000 Coma Berenices 9.6
039C39 NGC 2392 Eskimo Nebula/Clown Face Nebula Planetary Nebula 4 Gemini 10
040C40 NGC 3626     Spiral Galaxy 86,000 Leo 10.9
041C41 Mel 25 Hyades Open Cluster 0.151 Taurus 0.5
042C42 NGC 7006   Globular Cluster 135 Delphinus 10.6
043C43 NGC 7814   Spiral Galaxy 49,000 Pegasus 10.5
044C44 NGC 7479   Barred Spiral Galaxy 106,000 Pegasus 11
045C45 NGC 5248   Spiral Galaxy 74,000 Boötes 10.2
046C46 NGC 2261 Hubble's Variable Nebula Nebula 2.5 Monoceros -
047C47 NGC 6934   Globular Cluster 57 Delphinus 8.9
048C48 NGC 2775   Spiral Galaxy 55,000 Cancer 10.3
049C49 NGC 2237 Rosette Nebula Nebula 4.9 Monoceros 9.0
050C50 NGC 2244   Open Cluster 4.9 Monoceros 4.8
051C51 IC 1613   Irregular galaxy 2,300 Cetus 9.3
052C52 NGC 4697     Elliptical galaxy 76,000 Virgo 9.3
053C53 NGC 3115 Spindle Galaxy Lenticular Galaxy 22,000 Sextans 9.2
054C54 NGC 2506     Open Cluster 10 Monoceros 7.6
055C55 NGC 7009 Saturn Nebula Planetary Nebula 1.4 Aquarius 8
056C56 NGC 246   Planetary Nebula 1.6 Cetus 8
057C57 NGC 6822 Barnard's Galaxy Barred irregular galaxy 2,300 Sagittarius 9
058C58 NGC 2360   Open Cluster 3.7 Canis Major 7.2
059C59 NGC 3242 Ghost of Jupiter Planetary Nebula 1.4 Hydra 9
060C60 NGC 4038 Antennae Galaxies Galaxy 83,000 Corvus 10.7
061C61 NGC 4039 Antennae Galaxies Interacting galaxy 83,000 Corvus 13
062C62 NGC 247   Spiral Galaxy 6,800 Cetus 8.9
063C63 NGC 7293 Helix Nebula Planetary Nebula 0.522 Aquarius 7.3
064C64 NGC 2362   Open Cluster and Nebula 5.1 Canis Major 4.1
065C65 NGC 253 Sculptor Galaxy Galaxy 9,800 Sculptor 7.1
066C66 NGC 5694     Globular Cluster 113 Hydra 10.2
067C67 NGC 1097   Galaxy 47,000 Fornax 9.3
068C68 NGC 6729 R CrA Nebula Nebula 0.424 Corona Australis -
069C69 NGC 6302 Bug Nebula Planetary Nebula 5.2 Scorpius 13
070C70 NGC 300   Galaxy 3,900 Sculptor 9
071C71 NGC 2477   Open Cluster 3.7 Puppis 5.8
072C72 NGC 55   Galaxy 4,200 Sculptor 8
073C73 NGC 1851   Globular Cluster 39.4 Columba 7.3
074C74 NGC 3132 Eight Burst Nebula Planetary Nebula 2 Vela 8
075C75 NGC 6124   Open Cluster 1.5 Scorpius 5.8
076C76 NGC 6231   Open Cluster and Nebula 6 Scorpius 2.6
077C77 NGC 5128 Centaurus A Galaxy 16,000 Centaurus 7
078C78 NGC 6541   Globular Cluster 22.3 Corona Australis 6.6
079C79 NGC 3201   Globular Cluster 17 Vela 6.8
080C80 NGC 5139 Omega Centauri Globular Cluster 17.3 Centaurus 3.7
081C81 NGC 6352   Globular Cluster 18.6 Ara 8.2
082C82 NGC 6193   Open Cluster 4.3 Ara 5.2
083C83 NGC 4945   Galaxy 17,000 Centaurus 9
084C84 NGC 5286   Globular Cluster 36 Centaurus 7.6
085C85 IC 2391 Omicron Velorum Cluster Open Cluster 0.5 Vela 2.5
086C86 NGC 6397   Globular Cluster 7.5 Ara 5.7
087C87 NGC 1261   Globular Cluster 55.5 Horologium 8.4
088C88 NGC 5823   Open Cluster 3.4 Circinus 7.9
089C89 NGC 6087[note 1] S Norma Cluster Open Cluster 3.3 Norma 5.4
090C90 NGC 2867   Planetary Nebula 5.5 Carina 10
091C91 NGC 3532 Wishing Well Cluster Open Cluster 1.6 Carina 3
092C92 NGC 3372 Eta Carinae Nebula Nebula 7.5 Carina 3
093C93 NGC 6752   Globular Cluster 13 Pavo 5.4
094C94 NGC 4755 Jewel Box Open Cluster 4.9 Crux 4.2
095C95 NGC 6025   Open Cluster 2.5 Triangulum Australe 5.1
096C96 NGC 2516 Open Cluster 1.3 Carina 3.8
097C97 NGC 3766 Pearl Cluster Open Cluster 5.8 Centaurus 5.3
098C98 NGC 4609   Open Cluster 4.2 Crux 6.9
099C99 - Coalsack Nebula Dark Nebula 0.61 Crux -
100C100 IC 2944 Lambda Centauri Nebula Open Cluster and Nebula 6 Centaurus 4.5
101C101 NGC 6744   Galaxy 34,000 Pavo 9
102C102 IC 2602 Theta Car Cluster Open Cluster 0.492 Carina 1.9
103C103 NGC 2070 Tarantula Nebula Open Cluster and Nebula 170 Dorado 8.2
104C104 NGC 362   Globular Cluster 27.7 Tucana 6.6
105C105 NGC 4833   Globular Cluster 19.6 Musca 7.4
106C106 NGC 104 47 Tucanae Globular Cluster 14.7 Tucana 4
107C107 NGC 6101   Globular Cluster 49.9 Apus 9.3
108C108 NGC 4372   Globular Cluster 18.9 Musca 7.8
109C109 NGC 3195   Planetary Nebula 5.4 Chamaeleon 11.6
Caldwell number NGC number Common name Picture Object type Distance to object in thousands of light years Constellation Apparent magnitude
  1. ↑ C89 was mistakenly written as NGC 6067 in the original, but its description is that of NGC 6087.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 O'Meara, Stephen James (2002). The Caldwell Objects. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82796-6.
  2. ↑ "Caldwell Club Introduction". Retrieved 2006-09-08.
  3. 1 2 Moore, Patrick (December 1995). "Beyond Messier: The Caldwell Catalogue". Sky & Telescope: 38. Archived from the original (subscription required) on 2009-01-16. Retrieved 2006-08-29.
  4. ↑ Mobberley, Martin (2009). The Caldwell Objects and How to Observe Them. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-0325-9.
  5. ↑ Glyn Jones, Kenneth (1991). "Introduction". Messier's Nebulae & Star Clusters. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–8. ISBN 0-521-37079-5.

External links

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