CENPJ
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Centromere protein J is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CENPJ gene.[3][4] It is also known as centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP). During cell division, this protein plays a structural role in the maintenance of centrosome integrity and normal spindle morphology, and it is involved in microtubule disassembly at the centrosome. This protein can function as a transcriptional coactivator in the Stat5 signaling pathway, and also as a coactivator of NF-kappaB-mediated transcription, likely via its interaction with the coactivator p300/CREB-binding protein. Mutations in this gene are associated with Seckel syndrome and primary autosomal recessive microcephaly, a disorder characterized by severely reduced brain size and mental retardation.[4][5][6]
The Drosophila ortholog, sas-4, has been shown to be a scaffold for a cytoplasmic complex of Cnn, Asl, CP-190, tubulin and D-PLP (similar to the human proteins PCNT and AKAP9). These complexes are then anchored at the centriole to begin formation of the centrosome.[7]
Model organisms
| Characteristic | Phenotype |
|---|---|
| Homozygote viability | Abnormal |
| Recessive lethal study | Normal |
| Homozygous Fertility | Normal |
| Body weight | Abnormal[8] |
| Anxiety | Abnormal[9] |
| Neurological assessment | Normal |
| Grip strength | Normal |
| Hot plate | Normal |
| Dysmorphology | Abnormal[10] |
| Indirect calorimetry | Abnormal[11] |
| Glucose tolerance test | Abnormal[12] |
| Auditory brainstem response | Normal |
| DEXA | Abnormal[13] |
| Radiography | Abnormal[14] |
| Body temperature | Normal |
| Eye morphology | Normal |
| Clinical chemistry | Abnormal[15] |
| Haematology | Normal |
| Peripheral blood lymphocytes | Abnormal[16] |
| Micronucleus test | Abnormal |
| Heart weight | Normal |
| Brain histopathology | Abnormal |
| Eye Histopathology | Abnormal |
| Salmonella infection | Normal[17] |
| Citrobacter infection | Normal[18] |
| All tests and analysis from[19][20] |
Model organisms have been used in the study of CENPJ function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Cenpjtm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi[21][22] was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program—a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.[23][24][25]
Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion.[19][26] Twenty five tests were carried out on mutant mice and thirteen significant abnormalities were observed. Homozygous mutants were subviable, had a decreased body weight, abnormal open field, body composition, X-ray imaging, peripheral blood lymphocytes and indirect calorimetry parameters, abnormal head, genitalia and tail morphology, an impaired glucose tolerance, hypoalbuminemia, a 1.5 fold increase in micronuclei, a reduction in dentate gyrus length and abnormal corneal epithelium and endothelium.[19]
A more detailed analysis revealed this mutant to model a number of aspects of Seckel syndrome (type 4). The authors concluded that, "increased cell death due to mitotic failure during embryonic development is likely to contribute to the proportionate dwarfism" that is characteristic of the disorder.[27]
Interactions
CENPJ has been shown to interact with EPB41.[3]
References
- ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
- ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
- 1 2 Hung LY, Tang CJ, Tang TK (Oct 2000). "Protein 4.1 R-135 interacts with a novel centrosomal protein (CPAP) which is associated with the gamma-tubulin complex". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20 (20): 7813–25. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.20.7813-7825.2000. PMC 86375
. PMID 11003675. - 1 2 "Entrez Gene: CENPJ centromere protein J".
- ↑ Al-Dosari MS, Shaheen R, Colak D, Alkuraya FS (Jun 2010). "Novel CENPJ mutation causes Seckel syndrome". Journal of Medical Genetics. 47 (6): 411–4. doi:10.1136/jmg.2009.076646. PMID 20522431.
- ↑ Gul A, Hassan MJ, Hussain S, Raza SI, Chishti MS, Ahmad W (2006). "A novel deletion mutation in CENPJ gene in a Pakistani family with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly". Journal of Human Genetics. 51 (9): 760–4. doi:10.1007/s10038-006-0017-1. PMID 16900296.
- ↑ Gopalakrishnan J, Mennella V, Blachon S, Zhai B, Smith AH, Megraw TL, Nicastro D, Gygi SP, Agard DA, Avidor-Reiss T (2011). "Sas-4 provides a scaffold for cytoplasmic complexes and tethers them in a centrosome". Nature Communications. 2: 359. doi:10.1038/ncomms1367. PMID 21694707.
- ↑ "Body weight data for Cenpj". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "Anxiety data for Cenpj". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "Dysmorphology data for Cenpj". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "Indirect calorimetry data for Cenpj". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "Glucose tolerance test data for Cenpj". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "DEXA data for Cenpj". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "Radiography data for Cenpj". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "Clinical chemistry data for Cenpj". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "Peripheral blood lymphocytes data for Cenpj". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "Salmonella infection data for Cenpj". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "Citrobacter infection data for Cenpj". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- 1 2 3 Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: High throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica. 88: 925–7. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x.
- ↑ Mouse Resources Portal, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "International Knockout Mouse Consortium".
- ↑ "Mouse Genome Informatics".
- ↑ Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A (Jun 2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature. 474 (7351): 337–342. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMC 3572410. PMID 21677750.
- ↑ Dolgin E (Jun 2011). "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature. 474 (7351): 262–3. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718.
- ↑ Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (Jan 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247.
- ↑ van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW (2011). "The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism". Genome Biology. 12 (6): 224. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224. PMC 3218837. PMID 21722353.
- ↑ McIntyre RE, Lakshminarasimhan Chavali P, Ismail O, Carragher DM, Sanchez-Andrade G, Forment JV, Fu B, Del Castillo Velasco-Herrera M, Edwards A, van der Weyden L, Yang F, Ramirez-Solis R, Estabel J, Gallagher FA, Logan DW, Arends MJ, Tsang SH, Mahajan VB, Scudamore CL, White JK, Jackson SP, Gergely F, Adams DJ (2012). "Disruption of mouse Cenpj, a regulator of centriole biogenesis, phenocopies Seckel syndrome". PLoS Genetics. 8 (11): e1003022. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003022. PMC 3499256. PMID 23166506.
Further reading
- Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (Sep 1996). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Research. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
- Iouzalen N, Andreae S, Hannier S, Triebel F (Oct 2001). "LAP, a lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3)-associated protein that binds to a repeated EP motif in the intracellular region of LAG-3, may participate in the down-regulation of the CD3/TCR activation pathway". European Journal of Immunology. 31 (10): 2885–91. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(2001010)31:10<2885::AID-IMMU2885>3.0.CO;2-2. PMID 11592063.
- Tchernev VT, Mansfield TA, Giot L, Kumar AM, Nandabalan K, Li Y, Mishra VS, Detter JC, Rothberg JM, Wallace MR, Southwick FS, Kingsmore SF (Jan 2002). "The Chediak-Higashi protein interacts with SNARE complex and signal transduction proteins". Molecular Medicine. 8 (1): 56–64. PMC 2039936. PMID 11984006.
- Peng B, Sutherland KD, Sum EY, Olayioye M, Wittlin S, Tang TK, Lindeman GJ, Visvader JE (Sep 2002). "CPAP is a novel stat5-interacting cofactor that augments stat5-mediated transcriptional activity". Molecular Endocrinology. 16 (9): 2019–33. doi:10.1210/me.2002-0108. PMID 12198240.
- Leal GF, Roberts E, Silva EO, Costa SM, Hampshire DJ, Woods CG (Jul 2003). "A novel locus for autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH6) maps to 13q12.2". Journal of Medical Genetics. 40 (7): 540–2. doi:10.1136/jmg.40.7.540. PMC 1735531. PMID 12843329.
- Hung LY, Chen HL, Chang CW, Li BR, Tang TK (Jun 2004). "Identification of a novel microtubule-destabilizing motif in CPAP that binds to tubulin heterodimers and inhibits microtubule assembly". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 15 (6): 2697–706. doi:10.1091/mbc.E04-02-0121. PMC 420094. PMID 15047868.
- Koyanagi M, Hijikata M, Watashi K, Masui O, Shimotohno K (Apr 2005). "Centrosomal P4.1-associated protein is a new member of transcriptional coactivators for nuclear factor-kappaB". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (13): 12430–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M410420200. PMID 15687488.
- Bond J, Roberts E, Springell K, Lizarraga SB, Lizarraga S, Scott S, Higgins J, Hampshire DJ, Morrison EE, Leal GF, Silva EO, Costa SM, Baralle D, Raponi M, Karbani G, Rashid Y, Jafri H, Bennett C, Corry P, Walsh CA, Woods CG (Apr 2005). "A centrosomal mechanism involving CDK5RAP2 and CENPJ controls brain size". Nature Genetics. 37 (4): 353–5. doi:10.1038/ng1539. PMID 15793586.
- Cho JH, Chang CJ, Chen CY, Tang TK (Jan 2006). "Depletion of CPAP by RNAi disrupts centrosome integrity and induces multipolar spindles". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 339 (3): 742–7. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.11.074. PMID 16316625.
- Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, Yamamoto J, Sekine M, Tsuritani K, Wakaguri H, Ishii S, Sugiyama T, Saito K, Isono Y, Irie R, Kushida N, Yoneyama T, Otsuka R, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Kondo H, Wagatsuma M, Murakawa K, Ishida S, Ishibashi T, Takahashi-Fujii A, Tanase T, Nagai K, Kikuchi H, Nakai K, Isogai T, Sugano S (Jan 2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Research. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.
- Chen CY, Olayioye MA, Lindeman GJ, Tang TK (Apr 2006). "CPAP interacts with 14-3-3 in a cell cycle-dependent manner". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 342 (4): 1203–10. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.089. PMID 16516142.
- Evans PD, Vallender EJ, Lahn BT (Jun 2006). "Molecular evolution of the brain size regulator genes CDK5RAP2 and CENPJ". Gene. 375: 75–9. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2006.02.019. PMID 16631324.
- Lim J, Hao T, Shaw C, Patel AJ, Szabó G, Rual JF, Fisk CJ, Li N, Smolyar A, Hill DE, Barabási AL, Vidal M, Zoghbi HY (May 2006). "A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration". Cell. 125 (4): 801–14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032. PMID 16713569.