Bus services in Hong Kong

Bus services in Hong Kong have a long history. As of 2016, five companies operate franchised public bus services. There are also a variety of non-franchised public buses services, including feeder bus services to railway stations operated by MTR, and residents' services for residential estates (particularly those in the New Territories).^[1]

History

Current situation

The bus service of Hong Kong can be roughly divided into 3 types: Franchised bus, Non-franchised bus and Public light bus.

Franchised bus

As of 2014, there are 5 privately owned bus companies that provide franchised bus service across Hong Kong, operating more than 700 routes with some 5,800 buses. Hong Kong is one of the few cities in the world that bus services are not operated or owned by the Government.^[2]

These are the five franchised bus companies in Hong Kong:^[3]

• Kowloon Motor Bus Company (1933) Limited

Kowloon Motor Bus

Mainly provides service in Kowloon and New Territories, operating about 400 routes with about 3,850 buses. Some of them are cross-harbour routes, either solely operated or jointly operated with Citybus or New World First Bus.

• Citybus Limited

Citybus

Mainly provides service on Hong Kong Island, operating operates 108 bus routes, including 59 Hong Kong Island routes, 29 cross-harbour routes, 1 New Territories route and 19 routes to Tung Chung/Airport. It operates 957 buses.

• Long Win Bus Company Limited

Long Win Bus

Mainly services Tung Chung, Disneyland Resort and routes shuttling between the Airport and New Territories, operating 19 routes with 165 buses.

• New World First Bus Services Limited

New World First Bus

Mainly provides service on Hong Kong Island, and provides routes in Kowloon and Tseung Kwan O. It operates 47 Hong Kong Island routes, 8 Kowloon and Tseung Kwan O routes and 34 cross-harbour routes. It operates with 711 buses.

• New Lantao Bus Company (1973) Limited

New Lantao Bus

Mainly provides service on Lantau Island, operating 22 Lantau routes and 1 New Territories route with 108 buses.

The Kowloon Motor Bus Company (1933) Limited (KMB) is one of the largest privately owned public bus operators in the world. KMB's fleet consists of about 3,800 buses on 400 routes and a staff of over 12,000.^[4] In 1979, Citybus began its operation in Hong Kong with one double-decker, providing shuttle service for the Hong Kong dockyard. It later expanded into operating a residential bus route between City One, Shatin and Kowloon Tong MTR station. New World First Bus Services Limited (NWFB) was established in 1998, taking over China Motor Bus's franchise to provide bus services on Hong Kong Island together with Citybus. NWFB's parent company later bought Citybus, but the two companies have basically been operating independently.^[5]

Hong Kong franchised bus routes have a fixed path, fare, service hours and schedule. Urban routes mostly operate with double-decker buses, which have become a distinguishing feature of Hong Kong. Passengers are required to pay their bus fare when they board the bus, and all buses accept payment by either Octopus card or cash; however no change is given for paying by the latter.^[6] Some routes such as cross-harbour routes and Disneyland Resort routes are operated jointly by two companies. Fares are distanced-based although longer distances are comparatively cheaper than shorter distance fares on a per km basis. Hong Kong's bus fare system is based on where a passenger boards, e.g., "tap on" but not where a passenger alights, e.g., "tap off". As such, a passenger pays the entire fare upon boarding regardless of point of alighting. Many routes provide "step down fare" after a certain journey distance has been completed.

Non-franchised buses

The non-franchised bus services of Hong Kong are provided by different private bus companies as a means to relieve the demand on franchised buses and green public minibuses in rush hour. They also serve some remote places which are deemed non-profitable for franchised bus and green public minibus operators to serve. According to the Transport Department, there were 8111 registered non-franchised buses in Hong Kong as of 13 March 2014. Generally speaking, the services are divided into the following categories:

• Tourist services (A01): Known as "Travel bus" (旅遊巴) in daily usage, providing transport services for tourists between tourist attractions.
• Hotel services (A02): operated by hotels or by bus companies, providing transport services for hotel customers.
• School services (A03): operated by schools or by bus companies, providing transport services for students.
• Employee services (A04): operated by different institutes or by bus companies, providing transport services for employees.
• Residential services (A06): Known as "Estate bus" (邨巴) in daily usage, they providing feeder services between new towns and urban areas; they are often applied jointly by management company of private housing estates and bus companies as a mean to carry residents from where they live to major transport interchanges.
• Contract hire services (A08): Hired by a person or groups for transport services.

On the other hand, MTR Corporation also operates some feeder bus routes in Tuen Mun, Tin Shui Wai and Yuen Long to complement its West Rail Line and Light Rail services. Although MTR Bus is classified as a non-franchised buses operator, it is entitled to certain privileges and obligations similar to franchised buses, e.g. retirement age limit of buses (18 year) and tax-free petrol.

Public light buses

Public light bus

The public light buses in Hong Kong are passenger transport vehicles (minibuses) with a capacity of 16 passengers. The capacity was 14 before the 1980s. They provide feeder services to buses and the railway. There are 4,350 minibuses in Hong Kong and this figure has been capped by the Transport Department as available licenses.^[7] They can be divided into two types: red public minibuses and green public minibuses. The red public minibuses, which number around 1,200 of the 4,350 do not need to operate on fixed routes or fixed schedules and may charge any fare desired, although special prohibitions apply. Green public minibuses operate on fixed routes in set frequencies stipulated by the Transport Department of Hong Kong. Other kinds of light bus services, for example, the Nanny van transports provided by such van owners during the 1980s are considered illegal beyond their operation routes.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Buses in Hong Kong.

• History of bus transport in Hong Kong
• List of bus routes in Hong Kong
• Hong Kong bus route numbering
• Public light bus

References

Bus companies of Hong Kong
Bus services Bus route numbering History of bus transport
Franchised	Citybus Kowloon Motor Bus Long Win Bus New Lantao Bus New World First Bus China Motor Bus
Non-franchised	The Big Bus Company MTR Bus (Northwest New Territories) / MTR Feeder Bus Airport Express Shuttle Park Island Transport
Transport in Hong Kong Public light bus Bus terminuses List of bus routes

Transport in Hong Kong
Government agencies	Transport and Housing Bureau Transport Department Highways Department Civil Aviation Department Marine Department Hong Kong Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre (HKMRCC)
Road	Expressways Buses (Bus history) Roads and streets Routes Licence plates Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge
Rail	MTR MTR Corporation Kowloon–Canton Railway Kowloon–Canton Railway Corporation Peak Tram Hong Kong Tramways
Water	Port Kwai Chung Container Terminals River Trade Terminal Ocean Terminal Kai Tak Cruise Terminal
Air	Aviation history List of airports Hong Kong International Airport (Kai Tak Chek Lap Kok) Shek Kong Airfield Cathay Pacific Dragonair HAECO Hong Kong Airlines HK Express
Other topics	List of tunnels and bridges
Category