Bromethalin

Bromethalin

Names
IUPAC name N-Methyl-2,4-dinitro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(2',4',6'-tribromophenyl)aniline
Identifiers
CAS Number	63333-35-7 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	40463 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.109.042
KEGG	C18697 N
PubChem	44465
UNII	GM59MTH1FS Y
InChI InChI=1S/C14H7Br3F3N3O4/c1-21(13-9(16)2-6(15)3-10(13)17)12-8(14(18,19)20)4-7(22(24)25)5-11(12)23(26)27/h2-5H,1H3 Y Key: USMZPYXTVKAYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/C14H7Br3F3N3O4/c1-21(13-9(16)2-6(15)3-10(13)17)12-8(14(18,19)20)4-7(22(24)25)5-11(12)23(26)27/h2-5H,1H3 Key: USMZPYXTVKAYST-UHFFFAOYAX
SMILES Brc2cc(Br)cc(Br)c2N(c1c([N+]([O-])=O)cc([N+]([O-])=O)cc1C(F)(F)F)C
Properties
Chemical formula	C14H7Br3F3N3O4
Molar mass	577.93 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Bromethalin is a rodenticide which poisons the central nervous system by uncoupling mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which causes a decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. Decreased ATP ultimately results in increased intracranial pressure, which damages neuronal axons. This damage to the central nervous system can cause paralysis, convulsions, and death.^[1]

Risk of poisoning

No tests will diagnose bromethalin poisoning in pets, but signs to watch for include severe muscle tremors, hyperexcitability, fits, extreme sensitivity to being touched (hyperesthesia) and seizures that appear to be caused by light or noise. Signs can be delayed for several days.

No antidote for bromethalin is known; care is symptomatic and supportive. Owners of animals that have eaten it accidentally should seek immediate veterinary attention and be decontaminated. Contacting an animal poison control center can help ensure that timely and appropriate therapy is started.

The mechanism of bromethalin toxicity differs from that of popular rodent poisons, which are anticoagulants related to warfarin (Coumadin). These drugs, such as diphacinone and bromadiolone, eaten by the mouse as an overdose, inhibit vitamin K and lead to a loss of clotting activity over several days (clotting factors require vitamin K). The ultimate result is hemorrhage.

While bromethalin is labeled as a rodenticide, it is often used for other small mammals such as moles. It is often hidden inside a worm-like bait to attract moles.

References