Bristol Badger

For the baseball team, the Bristol Badgers, see Bristol Badgers.

Badger

Role	Fighter-reconnaissance
National origin	United Kingdom
Manufacturer	The Brititsh & Colonial Aeroplane Co. Ltd
Designer	Frank Barnwell
First flight	4 February 1919
Number built	5

The Bristol Badger was designed to meet a British need for a two-seat fighter-reconnaissance aeroplane at the end of World War I. Despite the 1918 Armistice, three Badgers were delivered to the Air Board to develop air-cooled radial engines, particularly that which became the Bristol Jupiter; two other Badgers were also built.

Development

The Bristol Badger had its roots^[1] in the Type 22 F.2C, a proposed upgrade of the Bristol F.2B using a 200 hp (150 kW) Salmson radial (Type 22), a 300 hp (220 kW) ABC Dragonfly radial (Type 22A), or a 230 hp (170 kW) Bentley B.R.2 rotary (Type 22B). The Type 23 Badger was a new design using the Dragonfly engine, drawn up at the end of 1917 to meet a two-seat fighter-reconnaissance role and owing a good deal to the Bristol Scout F. It was a single-bay biplane with strongly staggered, unswept and unequal-span wings. The pilot and observed sat in tandem, the pilot in front under the upper-wing trailing edge and the observer behind with a ring-mounted 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis Gun. At first, the Badger carried almost no fixed fin. Construction was the traditional wood-and-fabric of the time and the undercarriage was a single axle plus tailskid arrangement.^[1]

During the design process, it became clear that the Dragonfly engine, was proving unreliable and Bristol looked to a new nine-cylinder, 400 hp (300 kW) radial produced by Brazil Straker and known then as the Cosmos Jupiter as a possible alternative. Later, this engine became the Bristol Jupiter.^[1]

Bristol was awarded a contract to build three Badgers, two powered by the Dragonfly and one (the second) by a Jupiter. The first Badger flew on 4 February 1919 but crashed on this first flight with fuel supply problems. It was rebuilt with a larger rudder and delivered to the Air Board eleven days later. The second, Jupiter-engined Badger, flew on 24 May but was re-engined with a Dragonfly and was purchased by the Air Board in September. It had full armament and a fixed, rounded fin, introduced to cope with the heavier Jupiter engine. The Badger proved to have a lateral stability problem, an adverse yaw effect caused by aileron drag,^[2] and because of this, the third machine was not accepted by the Air Board. These first three machines were designated Badger I.^[1]

Despite the instability and without having received a Jupiter-powered Badger, the Air Board were sufficiently encouraged by this engine's promise to order a fourth, fully armed Badger with this powerplant. After some testing, the rudder was modified with a horn balance and larger ailerons were fitted. This aircraft was the sole Badger II and was loaned by the Air Board to Bristol for the development of the Jupiter and its cowling during 1920-1.^[1]

The lateral stability problems of the Badger worried its designer Frank Barnwell because a 1/10 scale model had been carefully tested in the NPL wind tunnel without any alarm. Scaling from model to full size was a problem because the Reynolds numbers reached in the atmospheric pressure wind tunnels of the time were much lower than those encountered in full-size flight.^[3] Flight tunnel tests also often involved the use of simplified aircraft models, with no attempt made to model the fuselage shape in detail. Using a spare set of Badger wings and empennage, Barnwell designed a new, single-seat flat-sided and very simple fuselage made from plywood on a wooden frame for a fifth and final Badger, the Badger X. It first flew on 13 May 1919 and was Bristol's first civil registered aircraft,^[4] initially as K110, then G-EABU, but was never able to provide the intended comparative data with tunnel models, crashing on 22 May.^[1]

Specifications (Badger II)

Data from Barnes 1964, pp. 137

General characteristics

Crew: two
Length: 23 ft 8 in (7.21 m)
Wingspan: 36 ft 9 in (11.20 m)
Height: 9 ft 1 in (2.77 m)
Wing area: 357 ft² (33.2 m²)
Empty weight: 1,950 lb (885 kg)
Gross weight: 1,429 lb (885 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Cosmos Jupiter I nine-cylinder air-cooled radial, 400 hp (300 kW)

Performance

Maximum speed: 142 mph (228 km/h)
Service ceiling: 20,600 ft (6,280 m)

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bristol Badger.

Notes

Bibliography

Barnes, C. H. (1964). Bristol Aircraft since 1910. London: Putnam Publishing. ISBN 0-370-00015-3.
Anderson, John D. (1998). A History of Aerodynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-66955-3.

Bristol Aeroplane Company aircraft

Pre-numbering
scheme

Manufacturer
designations

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
36
37
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
52
53
55
57
62
71
72
73
75
76
77
79
81
83
84
86
88
89
90
91
92
93
95
96
99
101
105
107
109
110A
118
120
123
124
130
133
135
137
138
142/142M
143
144
146
148
149
152
156
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
166
167
170
171
172
173
175
182
188
191
192
193
198
200
213
223

By role

Fighters	Scout M.1 Monoplane F.2 Fighter Badger Jupiter Fighter Bagshot Bulldog Bullfinch Type 123 Type 133 Beaufighter

Passenger Transports	Tourer Ten-Seater Taxiplane Pullman Type 142 Britain First Brabazon Britannia

Reconnaissance	Bloodhound

Trainer	Bristol Boxkite Bristol Coanda Monoplanes T.B.8 P.B.8 Primary Trainer Buckmaster

Transports	Bombay Brandon Buckingham Freighter Superfreighter

Experimental	X.2 X.3 Bullet Racer Type 92 Type 138 Type 188 Type 221

Bombers	Braemar Berkeley Bombay Blenheim Beaufort Buckingham Brigand

Sporting	Babe Brownie

Helicopters	Sycamore Type 173 Belvedere

Designers

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 4/6/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.